Xiu De Zheng Xin 1
Ancient humans lived in nature, and their diet was taken from nature. At that time, people had no sense of defining meat and vegetarianism. With the adaptation of human beings to nature, human civilization has developed and materials have become more and more abundant. People began to reflect on their diet, and had different understandings and choices about vegetables, food and meat.
People began to put vegetarianism into sacred and solemn occasions: on the eve of major sacrificial activities, they must "be vegetarian for a few days to purify their body and mind". All the emperors, nobles and Lebanese people recognized and respected this line. It can be seen that "rusu" was sacred in people's minds at that time. The so-called "clean body" means the same as "benevolence" The sage Mencius said, "A gentleman to an animal cannot bear to see its life, smell its voice or eat its meat." The so-called "pure heart" means not indulging in indulgence and being content with a calm mind. The article "Bunsen" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals says: "Fat meat is thick and wine is thick, and everything is strong, so life is called rotten food."
At that time, people clearly realized that indulgence was not only harmful to health, but also the root of all disasters. The custom of being vegetarian on the first day and the fifteenth day, which has been circulated among the people in China, truly embodies this profound concept. It turned out that Wang Xia was destroyed by Shang Tang on the first day, and it was destroyed on the first day of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. They all died of luxury and greed. Therefore, the later governors fasted and nourished their hearts in the past few days, and they were frugal and had no desire to show their vigilance. Folks also followed suit, and later evolved into "Shuo Wang Zhai"-vegetarian on the first and fifteenth day of each month.
Speaking of "vegetarian" and "vegetarian" are not the same thing. Vegetarianism means that ordinary people don't eat animal food in their daily diet, but vegetarianism originally refers to the practice of Buddhist disciples, which originated in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties when Buddhism was introduced to China. "Zhai" is the food that Buddhist disciples eat before noon. In addition to animal food, it also includes so-called "small five meats" or "five spices" (garlic, small garlic, Ferula, chives and green onions). Buddhism believes that it is not clean to fast in the afternoon. With the rapid development of Buddhism at that time, eating fast to not eating animal food became the natural precept of Han Buddhists, and eating fast and eating vegetarian food became the same meaning.
Vegetarianism is never wrong, but even today, when it comes to vegetarianism, people can't help but ask, "Do you believe in Buddhism?"
2, good for health
Since ancient times, people have always believed that vegetarianism is good for health. According to the ancient tradition of China, people should not pursue a strong and heavy diet excessively, but "plain and quiet" is the basic principle of health preservation. The article "Pay attention to yourself" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals points out that people who are good at keeping in good health are "not strong in flavor" because "strong flavor means full stomach, stuffy gas means insufficient", and "strong flavor" mainly refers to animal foods such as swimming fish, birds and animals. It is believed that eating too much of this kind of food will dull the digestive function of the spleen and stomach and affect the smoothness of qi and blood. Li Yan, a physician in the Ming Dynasty, believed that middle-aged people lost vital energy, and the method of taking medicine to supplement yin and yang generally could not achieve perfect results. Only vegetarianism can supplement both qi and yin, help the stomach and strengthen the spleen, and be the most healthy. It is not only suitable for middle-aged kidney deficiency, but also suitable for other deficiency diseases of the elderly, women and children. Wanquan, a pediatrician in the Ming Dynasty, repeatedly advocated learning the "indifferent" lifestyle of the ancients in his Four Essentials of Health Preservation. He believes that vegetarianism can make people's body and mind in the best condition.
Western scientific theories have greatly promoted the development of vegetarianism. Based on the theories of nutrition and medicine, they made a detailed analysis and comparison on the contents of protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates in animal foods, cereals, fruits and vegetables, and found that vegetarian diet can not only fully provide nutrients such as protein needed by human body, but also remove harmful factors such as excessive cholesterol brought by animal foods. People find that eating meat and drinking too much bring them many diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases and diabetes, and sticking to vegetarian diet can almost completely prevent these diseases and play an effective therapeutic role. The survey also found that vegetarians are not only healthier physically than meat eaters, but also more adaptable physiologically. Vegetarian diet is still a diet that can improve intelligence, cultivate a good mood and be beneficial to beauty. Therefore, more and more people accept vegetarianism, hoping that vegetarianism can not only bring health, but also make people enjoy delicious food. Modern vegetarianism is developing in this direction. With the continuous development and progress of mankind, diet is no longer just eating. Delicious and nutritious is the most basic requirement.
Today, human beings reflect more and more on themselves and other lives. At the same time, human beings pay more and more attention to their living environment-the earth, and even outer space. People almost said in unison: protect the environment and care for life. To this end, returning to nature, returning to health and protecting the earth's ecological environment have deeply influenced the modern concept of diet. Therefore, natural and pure vegetarianism has become a new dietary trend in 2 1 century. Vegetarians are more and more respected, and treating guests and friends with vegetarianism is regarded as elegant etiquette.
Although today's vegetarian diet no longer has religious flavor, the awareness of environmental protection and caring for life embodies the civilization, progress and elegance of modern human beings. 1, development stage
Vegetarianism has existed since ancient times. As a vegetarian dish, the main raw materials are vegetables, melons and fruits. Before the Western Han Dynasty, the varieties of vegetarian dishes were similar to those of the royal family and the common people. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu An, king of Huainan, invented tofu. Since then, new varieties of vegetarian dishes have appeared, pushing the development of vegetarian dishes to a new stage.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced into China and developed greatly. There were many Buddhist temples all over the country. The combination of "forbidding killing and releasing" advocated by Buddhism and the traditional Confucian concept of "benevolence" has made the vegetarian trend prevail, and there have been purposeful vegetarians. Since then, vegetarianism is no longer just an ordinary thing, it has been covered with a layer of "solemnity" and a layer of "sublimity". At this time, "temple vegetarian dishes" appeared.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, vegetarian dishes developed greatly and formed a unique flavor. In the Southern Song Dynasty, vegetarianism reached its climax again, and a special vegetarian restaurant appeared in the capital of the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the development of vegetarian dishes reached a high level, and it became another cuisine that was juxtaposed with the four major cuisines.
2. Develop schools and directions
Traditional vegetarian dishes in China can be divided into three schools: temple vegetarian dishes, palace vegetarian dishes and folk vegetarian dishes. Temple vegetarian dishes pay attention to "vegan" and prohibit "five meats" for seasoning, and most of them prohibit eggs; The court vegetarian dishes used by the emperor pursue unique materials, exquisite cooking skills and exquisite appearance; Folk vegetarian dishes are widely used, delicious and economical, and are generally accepted by people.
The "vegan" school and the "vegetarian" school are the two major directions for the development of traditional vegetarian dishes in China. The "vegan" school pursues "cleanliness"-the material absolutely does not include meat and eggs? Quot small five meat ",even dairy products; The vegetarian school strives for a good taste and a wide range of materials. Not only eggs can be used, but also soup and even sea cucumber can be used as seasonings or main ingredients, and it is difficult to be named as "vegetarian dish" again. Modern human life pays attention to efficiency and perfection, while modern scientific vegetarian diet pursues delicacy and nutrition.
Since ancient times, vegetarian styles can be divided into "vegan" and "vegetarian", while modern scientific vegetarian styles are based on simulation. By the Qing Dynasty, the "meat-like" vegetarian dishes in China had reached a certain level, such as the "vegetarian roast goose" made of mountainsides and rotten skin. It can be seen from the materials used that the "meat-like" at that time was only an imitation of the shape, and it could be called a delicious vegetarian dish at that time.
The simulation of modern vegetarian dishes can be described as paying equal attention to spirit and body, confusing the fake with the real, and its delicacy is comparable to that of vegetarian dishes, even better than a reward. Using pure natural plants as raw materials, processed and extracted by high-tech means, its nutritional value is far from comparable to that of meat. Busy modern humans stop in the noise, enjoy such purity and exquisiteness, and experience nature and return.