Current location - Health Preservation Learning Network - Health preserving class - What does Taoism pursue?
What does Taoism pursue?
Question 1: What does Taoism pursue? Taoism is one of the most important schools of thought in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han ruled the country with Taoist thoughts, so that the people could recuperate from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. History calls it the rule of cultural scene. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties and Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties were developed by combining Taoist thoughts. After Buddhism was introduced into China, it was also influenced by Taoism, and Zen was inspired by Zhuangzi in many ways. Among the pre-Qin philosophers, Taoism did not have as many disciples as Confucianism and Mohism, and its status was not as lofty as Confucianism. However, with the development of history, Taoism, with its unique understanding of the universe, society and life, presents eternal value and vitality in philosophical thought. Taoism is a school of philosophy and Taoism is a religious belief. Taoist thought was formed in the pre-Qin period, and it was not until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty that the word "Huang Lao" was combined with the concept of immortal worship. As far as it is concerned, this worship has nothing to do with Taoist thought. Both Lao Zi and Zhuangzi treat death with a fairly calm mind. The reason why the two are related may be that Taoist literature describes the image of a fairy who understands and embodies Tao. Therefore, it is absurd for Taoism to respect Laozi as the Sect and pursue cultivation into immortality, which has always been a misunderstanding. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong, based on Taoist thought, wrote an atheistic book, Lun Heng, which made a comprehensive criticism of the popular fairy magic at the end of the Han Dynasty and gained a high position in the history of China's thoughts. Although the schools of Taoism are different, the main idea is the same: taking "Tao" as the foundation, doing nothing and being natural, and attaching importance to things. The core of Taoism is "Tao". Laozi once said in his works: "Things are born in harmony, and they are born naturally. Little ha! How rare! Independent and unchanging, it can be the mother of heaven and earth. I don't know its name, so I say it. " (Chapter 25 of Laozi) This idea evolved from Heaven, but it is different from Heaven. Laozi put forward that Tao is the origin of the universe and the law of the movement of all things in the universe. This view was later supported by various schools of Taoism and became the most basic core of Taoism. Different schools have different understandings of "Tao", but in the history of China's philosophy, the concept of "Tao" was used to explore the origin of all things in the world for the first time, which opened China's tradition of discussing metaphysics. This is one of the outstanding contributions of Taoism. "Inaction" is regarded by Taoism as one of the important characteristics of "Tao". Not inaction, but aimless action without careful consideration. "Its inaction, its shun also? What is a husband? Gong Ji is in the south. " Didn't Shun Di rule by doing nothing? What did he do? Just to maintain their dignity, let people respect the ground to the south. Taoism believes that any purposeful behavior may lead to the deviation of the behavior itself. "Six parents are unfilial." When we advocate filial piety and harmony, family members themselves are not honest and harmonious, otherwise they don't need these. Statements expressing similar views can be found everywhere in Taoist works. Seeing how to deal with problems, the attitude of "inaction" can be applied to politics as well as self-cultivation. On the premise of adhering to the essence of "inaction", Taoist factions usually give "inaction" richer connotations. Taoism regards the value of life as more important than external things, mainly referring to fame and fortune. Laozi emphasized that rulers must pay attention to their own health, not fame and goods. Since then, various schools have put forward the view that light things and heavy body. Zhuangzi and Liezi raised the idea of "inner sainthood" to a new height. The words "Tao" and "Tao" are often misused. Historically, these two words refer to many different contents and have been confused; Others advocate equating the two. However, if Taoism is understood as a school of philosophical thought initiated by Laozi and Zhuangzi and recreated in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and as a religion gradually formed and further developed in Han Dynasty, then although Taoism absorbed a lot of elements of Taoist thought in theory, even taking Laozi as the leader, the two cannot be confused, nor can it be said that Taoist theory is Taoist thought. As a religion, Taoism has its immortal worship and belief, its followers and organizations, a series of religious ceremonies and activities, and the inheritance of its main factions is generally clear. As a school of philosophical thought, Taoism's ideological evolution and representative figures should be the most important contents in its interpretation; The inheritance and evolution of Taoist thought after Wei and Jin Dynasties is still vague and difficult to explain, but its influence on literati in past dynasties is still discernible. From this point of view, it can also be said that the narrow sense of "Tao" refers to the philosophical school represented by Laozi and Zhuangzi in the pre-Qin period. Taoist theology and Taoist thought >>

Question 2: What is the highest pursuit of Taoism? What is the highest pursuit of Taoism? I should say so.

The first question is whether to be religious or not. Apart from the second question, the highest pursuit is to believe in Laozi's way of long life and long view, and adapt to it, so that immortals can keep pace with the times.

Then, attaching great importance to the free and easy of real life and the transcendence of real life and spirit is the pursuit of tangible physical and mental health knowledge.

Therefore, Taoism firmly believes that it is necessary not only to realize enlightenment and complete practice, but also to achieve the highest pursuit of the unity of practice and life (essence, qi and spirit).

Only in this way can we accumulate virtue, be noble and true, be full of virtue, write a heavenly book, be proud of heaven and be true to Tao.

So,

1, it can be said that it is a religion that believes in the unity of man and nature and humanism.

First, Zong Yuanxin believed in the Sambo Buddha. Taishang Laowu (Bao Dao), Jing, Ji and Du (Bao Jing), exorcist in the middle of metaphysics (Shi Bao). That is, worship of heaven, worship of Buddha, teaching and enlightenment of Buddha, also known as Xuanmen.

Second, immortals can learn. The founder of Taoism in the past dynasties, such as Ge Hong, a Taoist scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a famous alchemist and a medical scientist. The word Chuan, since the number Bao Puzi, Han nationality, Jin (now Jurong County, Jiangsu Province) from Jurong County, Danyang County. The book "Bao Puzi"? Internal and external articles. Wu Yun, a native of Huayin (now Huayin County, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was a good writer and diligent in writing all his life. His main works are Metaphysics and Immortalism. Zhang Boduan's "Wu Zhen Pian", which became Quanzhen religion. Mr. Modern and Professor Hu used modern science to demonstrate the existence of spiritual world, the existence of immortals and the view that immortals can learn. Whether there is a fairy, whether it can be made.

In a word, it is the belief that people are natural and Taoism is natural.

Third, the life of the Big Dipper is the cardinal of nature, the master of man and god, with the power of reincarnation and death, and the power to eliminate disasters.

The old man said. Ordinary people have five lives. It is known to belong to the master of this palace star official. The great general of the monument to the core of life. Ben Pleiadian. Always cling to the shade. Take control of life Make sure the sky is safe. Ordinary people are ignorant. Never realized it. The star official of the life core monument is six degrees every year. Fall to the earth. That day in my life is the deadline. There are three thousand envoys in Nanling. Big Dipper. Seven thousand gods. The formal surrender of the monument to the core of life. All the facts support it. Can eliminate disasters and plead guilty. Please take the feast of Fu. With the strength of the chapter. Ford favored. The deadline for the monument to the core of life is coming. I don't know. No fasting. Don't trim the incense. This is a suicide mystery. Not expensive. Heaven thinks for money. Minus the year.

Fourth, welcome auspicious life, eliminate disasters and prolong life, and sin destroys good life.

Taoism believes that all beings belong to heaven, to Cao Cao and to the underworld. On the day they became human, they borrowed money from the vault of the underworld. Those who paid off their loans before their death are rich, healthy and disaster-free; People who owe their ignorance are poor, sick and miserable in the world. The gap between the rich and the poor in the world is caused by the evil debt filled by the ghost official Yang Lu. Therefore, the Buddha advised the world to respect the three treasures when they were alive, to facilitate charity, to set up a fast to recite scriptures, and to burn Luku's money. If so, you will be blessed, rich in this life, and there will be no more disasters in the next life.

Cultivate your wealth and wealth, then the first debt you need to pay in your life is the debt you receive. I hope I can pay my debts as soon as possible, eliminate disasters and solve problems, and everything goes well. If your career is not smooth, your job is unfavorable, your life is bumpy, you talk too much, and so on, when your life is not satisfactory, you should pay off your debts immediately-Shousheng Debt, and everything will be fine. I wish things smooth, prosperous and good luck.

Fifth, bear the burden of cause and effect, and persuade good to become immortal.

Taoism believes that all sentient beings are ordinary people who have not reached heaven, and they will die if they live. After death, their souls will rise and fall, and they will often use the power to save the suffering Buddha, and the Buddha will always use his power to save all sentient beings and get lost. Unconsciousness is like watching the sun and the moon blindly. Turn the nine secluded places into crimes, refine the degree, guide the students, rehabilitate the bones, and ascend to Zhu Ling.

The luck and fate of our ancestors are linked to our eternal life, which has blessed our generations. At the same time, we also bear the sins of our ancestors. And Jinuozuo only repents and forgives. "Those who want immortality should make 1,300 acts of kindness; Those who want to live forever should face all the virtues bravely. Whether they are guilty or not, they will move. "

2. Our ancient medicine, mathematics, Yin and Yang, astronomy, geography and health preservation were all the wisdom of our ancestors. Without their knowledge, people in the sky can't understand these fields.

The second problem is all Taoist beliefs. But it contains the love and learning that the whole world does not believe in "teaching", and it is a virtuous philosophy to understand Taoism and pursue the highest respect for Taoism.

Taking Tao as the body and dialectics as the use,

Take self-knowledge as the body and observe phenomenology for use.

Taking the innate infinite metaphysics of "Tao" as the body, turning this into the end and giving birth to everything. Speculative rationality with a name can be named or not.

(added before the verb) means "negative" and "opposite"; (added before nouns to form verbs) means "get rid of", "get rid of" ... >>

Question 3: What is the highest realm of Taoism? What do you pursue? ? Taoism emphasizes respecting the laws of nature and advocating inaction, and the highest state boils down to one word "inaction"!

If you are satisfied, please accept it. Thank you.

Question 4: What's the difference between Buddhism and Taoism? What is their ultimate goal? In fact, Buddhism and Taoism should have reached the same goal by different routes, and the ultimate goal is to achieve great harmony in the world.

But there are still some differences between the two on their way to the holy brigade.

Taoism stresses inaction, while Buddhism stresses detachment from life and death.

Both schools are born, Taoism stresses openness, while Buddhism stresses beginning and end.

Buddhism is divorced from life and death, which means that your life and death are the same. Don't think death is terrible, but it is the same as your life.

Buddhists say that people suffer when they are alive, and they also suffer after death. Therefore, Buddhists are encouraged to transcend life and death and not to take death too seriously.

Don't be afraid of death. In fact, life and death are the same. Taoism pays attention to feathering, that is, death, which is just beautification.

Taoism advocates feathering, because after feathering, you want to become immortal, so you also advocate Taoist practitioners to become immortal, so that they are not afraid of life and death, but for the sake of

Being immortal is just beautiful, so many people think they can be immortal, so they are not afraid of life and death.

As for living in this world, it is suffering. People suffer every day for decades from birth to death, so it can be said to be a calendar.

Practice, indeed Buddhism and Taoism all regard life and death very lightly.

In a word, Buddhists advocate transcending life and death, starting well and ending well, while Taoists emphasize abstinence and inaction.

That's about it.

I don't know if my knowledge of Buddhism and Taoism meets the questions raised by the landlord.

Question 5: What does Taoism in China pursue? The fundamental pursuit of Taoism in China is harmony, and its core idea is to respect Taoism and virtue.

Question 6: What is the cultural pursuit of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism: Confucianism governs the world, Taoism governs the body, Buddhism governs the mind, Confucianism stresses nature, and Buddhism sees nature; Confucian efforts, Buddhist peace of mind; Confucianism is greedy, while Buddhists are liberated; Confucianism is promising, Buddhism is inaction; Confucians are divided, Buddhists are equal, Confucians are treated externally, and Buddhists are treated internally.

Question 7: What does Taoism pursue? Ask the superior for some advice. It's a pity that "don't say cultivate immortality". The purpose of Taoism is to cultivate immortals, and all kung fu training is for cultivating immortals.

The purpose of Taoism is based on Taoism, such as alchemy, symbols, spells, fasting, etc., all of which are like branches and leaves supporting trees, so we should return to nature and life.

I have summed up sixteen words, "respecting Tao and being virtuous, doing nothing and being quiet, taking life to fix the truth, managing the world and helping others", which can cover the same essence of Tao and Tao.

Question 8: What is the significance of Taoism's pursuit of immortality? Accurately speaking, Taoism pursues double cultivation of life, that is, wisdom practice and body practice are carried out at the same time. The two complement each other.

Wisdom can promote physical practice, and physical practice will also help wisdom practice.

Man's body and mind have never been separated.

Masters of traditional Chinese medicine know that any disease and any defect in personality or wisdom are in one-to-one correspondence.

The meaning of "sex" and "fate"

Sex refers to the inner Tao, mind, thought, temperament, character, spirit and so on. Life refers to man's external Tao, body, life, ability, life and things. Double cultivation of life means "double cultivation of form and spirit", and comprehensive cultivation of body and mind. Huang Lao's books, such as Liezhuang, Yuan You, Shentongqi and Five Needles, all discuss "double cultivation of life". Life Gui Zhi said, "What is nature? This was the case at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, and so was a bright spirit. What is life? Congenital to fine, but also arrogant. " He also said: "Nature depends on the heart, and fate depends on the body." Master Chen Yingning said: "Sex is our spiritual consciousness, and life is our vitality." Both profound and vivid. In fact, human life is a double fusion of two kinds of life, namely spiritual life and physical life. People usually say to be physically and mentally healthy, and one of them is incomplete. Therefore, the word life highly summarizes the two major elements of life.

From this, we can divide the double cultivation of life into two kinds: sexual merit and life merit. Sexual merit is the place where Taoism communicates with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, while life merit is a unique tradition of Taoism, not Taoism. Master Chen Yingning believes that the way to become immortal is life-oriented, which is the most distinctive feature of Taoist immortals. He believes that life is interdependent and life is the most important. He used the metaphor of lamp, lamp oil is life, light is sex; There are lights without oil, and the lights are not bright; If you have lamp oil but can't shine, you can't explain that you use oil lamps to illuminate; The purpose of practice is to teach people to accumulate enough oil and lamps, so that life will be full of brilliance.

Taoism advocates the unity of "sex" and "destiny"

Since life refers to people's life and sex refers to people's spiritual consciousness, it is obvious that both aspects are indispensable for people's survival, and people's existence is actually the unity of life and sex. On the one hand, people must be based on the existence of life. Once there is no life, people will become a dead body and die with it. On the other hand, people can't leave their spiritual consciousness. Without spiritual consciousness, man will become a pure life, and his life will be like an animal at best, but of course he can't exist as a man. Moreover, there is a close relationship between human life and spiritual consciousness. They depend on each other, influence each other and interact with each other, which is a contradictory unity. In the Taoist view, as a human being, we should not only have the life expressed by tangible qi, but also have the sex expressed by spiritual consciousness. He is the unity of life and spiritual consciousness, that is, life and sex, just as people should not only have tangible, qi and god, but also the unity of tangible, qi and god.

Question 9: What kind of relationship between Buddhism and Taoism should be marked by the formation of the relationship between the three religions, so the complete relationship between the three religions should be counted from Buddhism.

Buddhism: The introduction of Buddhism has been generally determined by the academic circles as the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Han Yongping). When Buddhism was first introduced into the Han Dynasty, everyone regarded it as a kind of Taoism of Huang Lao, which was closely related to the immortal Taoist thought circulating in the society at that time. In this cultural background, people understand Buddhism and regard it as a kind of Taoism of Huang Lao. Specifically, the Buddha is regarded as an immortal who can fly and change, and the ultimate realm pursued by Buddhism is equivalent to Laozi's inaction, while reincarnation is understood as the immortality of the soul. Immortality of the soul was not originally a Buddhist idea, but at that time people understood reincarnation in this way, thinking that only immortality of the soul could lead to reincarnation. This reflects the real situation of Buddhism when it first spread, and also involves the integration and connection with the traditional concepts of Confucianism, Taoism and China. This relationship has been shown since the initial spread of Buddhism.

This can also be seen from the theory of lattice confusion, which is the earliest existing article reflecting the initial spread of Buddhism among foot soldiers. The author recalls that he turned from studying Confucianism and Taoism to Buddhism, and was criticized by the world, so he answered them one by one according to his understanding of Buddhism. It is particularly noteworthy that Confucianism, Taoism, and especially Taoism have different views on Buddhism, and Buddhism has also responded to the different evaluations given to it by China and Turkey. When the Japanese wrote books about the three religions, they all took the theory of confusion as the beginning of the relationship between the three religions in China.

Confucianism: It is worth noting that the attitude of traditional Confucianism towards Buddhism was mainly attack and exclusion from the beginning. This can also be regarded as the basic attitude of orthodox Confucianism towards Buddhism in the relationship between the three religions for thousands of years. Even in Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism, orthodox Confucianism absorbed a lot of Buddhist thoughts, but on the surface, it was still the rejection and exclusion of Buddhism that dominated Confucianism. Of course, this does not rule out that other Confucian scholars who are deeply influenced by Buddhism will stand on the position of Confucianism and put forward the idea of the unity of the three religions. However, those who dominate Confucianism always reject and criticize Buddhism. The main reason is the criticism of the Buddhist practice of becoming a monk, because it violates China's traditional filial piety and the ethical spirit of loyalty to the monarch and filial piety, so it was considered by Confucianism to be against reason and morality from the beginning. As an outsider, Buddhist monks abandon their families and relatives, which is disloyal and unfilial.

In the later development, both Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism opposed and rejected Buddhism from the standpoint of defending China's cultural tradition. We can also see a lot of relevant information from the book On the Reason and Confusion of Lattice. Confucianism has always regarded itself as an orthodox mansion. Since the pre-Qin period, there has been a so-called distinction between Chinese and foreigners in Confucianism, which involves the relationship between the culture of the Central Plains and the culture of foreigners. After the introduction of Buddhism, the distinction between China people and foreigners became more prominent.

Taoism: In the initial spreading process of Buddhism, the attitude of Taoism towards Buddhism seems to be not obvious, and there is little information in this regard. In academic circles, the introduction of Buddhism and the formation of Taoism used to be considered almost at the same time, both in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. At present, the academic circles believe that the initial introduction of Buddhism can be advanced to the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and some people think that the formation of Taoism, if marked by the Taiping Jing, was formed in the Han Dynasty. Taiping Jing contains the criticism of "unfilial parents, no wife and no children, begging for food". But is this a criticism of Buddhism? It's hard to draw a conclusion easily.

Judging from the available data, Buddhism is a relatively mature religion, and Taoism needs to learn from Buddhism in its initial stage. As for foreign Buddhism, if you want to take root in China, you also have the desire to seek great harmony. Teacher Hong thinks that although Lao Zi's "Hu Jing" is the product of the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism, the "Lao Zi's nonsense" used in it may have the meaning of reconciling Buddhism and Taoism from the beginning. This statement is convincing, because the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism will only happen when Buddhism and Taoism have developed to a considerable scale and have to fight for their respective religious interests, and it is unlikely to fight for each other from the beginning.

Relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism: In the case that Confucianism rejects Buddhism and Taoism's attitude towards Buddhism is still unclear, what kind of attitude does foreign Buddhism hold towards Confucianism after entering China? Judging from the available data, Buddhism basically takes reconciliation and compromise as the main way to Confucianism, and even takes a positive attitude to cater to it. This attitude also runs through the whole process of the relationship between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the later history. Even later, when studying Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism also vigorously developed Buddhism, but Buddhism basically did not change its attitude towards Confucianism ... >>

Question 10: What is the immortality pursued by Taoism? The immortality pursued by Taoism means that you can enter the dharma realm of immortality directly from the present physical body through practice without going through the cycle of subsection death, so as to achieve the noble growth of immortality.