The spleen is located in the upper left of the abdominal cavity. It is oblate, dark red, soft and fragile, and it is easy to rupture and bleed when it is hit by violence locally. The spleen is located between the gastric fundus and the left intercostal diaphragm, facing the 9th ~11rib, and its long axis coincides with the 9th1rib. Under normal circumstances, the lower edge of the left rib arch is untouchable. Spleen is divided into medial and lateral sides, upper and lower edges, and anterior and posterior ends. The invagination is adjacent to the gastric fundus, left kidney, left adrenal gland, pancreatic tail and left curvature of colon, which is called dirty surface. There is a ditch near the center of the dirty surface, which is where nerves and blood vessels come in and out, and it is called splenic portal. The surface of diaphragm is smooth and convex, which is opposite to diaphragm. There are 2 ~ 3 incisions in front of the upper margin, which are called splenic incisions. When splenomegaly occurs, the splenic notch still exists, which can be used as a sign of palpation.
Dark red accessory spleens of different sizes and numbers are often found near the spleen, in the gastrosplenic ligament and omentum. Splenectomy due to hypersplenism
spleen
In addition, the accessory spleen should be removed together. Spleen belongs to reticular skin system and is the largest lymphatic organ in human body. Its structure is basically similar to that of lymph nodes, and it is composed of capsule, trabecular and lymphoid tissue. It differs from lymph nodes in that there is no lymphatic sinus, but there are a large number of blood sinuses in it, which are filters for blood circulation.
Under normal circumstances, the spleen only produces lymphocytes and monocytes, but it can produce various blood cells after pathological and massive blood loss. The main function of spleen is to participate in immune response, phagocytize and remove aging red blood cells, bacteria and foreign bodies, produce lymphocytes and monocytes, and store blood. Hematopoiety can be produced during the embryonic period. Spleen is an important hematopoietic organ in embryonic stage, which can produce lymphocytes and monocytes after birth.
Macrophages in the spleen can devour aged red blood cells, platelets and denatured white blood cells. It can also devour bacteria, protozoa and foreign bodies in the blood. Hypersplenism can destroy a large number of platelets and blood cells. Spleen is rich in blood sinuses and can store a certain amount of blood (about 200 ml). When the body is vigorously exercising or climbing a mountain or suddenly losing blood, the spleen smooth muscle contracts, releasing the stored blood and supplementing the needs of the body.
Lymphocytes in the spleen can also produce antibodies. Normal spleen can't be touched, such as palpation under the left costal margin, which indicates splenomegaly. There are many reasons for splenomegaly, such as schistosomiasis, chronic hepatitis, leishmaniasis, typhoid fever, malaria, portal hypertension, leukemia, malignant lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus. Spleen enlargement can cause hypersplenism and reduce blood cells and platelets in the blood. Generally treat the cause of splenomegaly. If there is hypersplenism or portal hypertension, surgical resection may be considered.
Structural composition
Blood passage of the spleen The splenic artery branches from the entrance of the spleen into trabecular bone, which is called trabecular artery. Branches of trabecular artery leave trabecular bone and enter lymphatic sheath around the artery, which is called central artery. The central artery sends out some small branches along the way to form capillaries to supply white pulp, and its end expands to form marginal sinus. When the trunk of the central artery passes through the white pulp and enters the splenic cord, it branches to form some straight arterioles, which are shaped like brush hairs.
Spleen injury
Therefore, it is called penicillanic acid triol.
Hairline arterioles can be divided into three sections in the splenic cord: ① medullary arterioles with 1 ~ 2 layers of smooth muscle outside the endothelium; ② Endothelial capillaries are underdeveloped, and there are macrophage sheaths outside the endothelium; ③ Arterial capillaries. Most of the capillaries at the end of the capillaries expand in the splenic cord, and a few are directly connected with the blood sinus. Blood sinus flows into medullary venules composed of flat endothelial cells, which flow into trabecular vein in trabecular meshwork and finally into splenic vein at the entrance. Lymphatic vessels near the central artery enter the trabecular meshwork along the artery, and then gather at the entrance to form a larger lymphatic vessel out of the spleen, and there are many T cells in the lymph. Most of the blood in the spleen flows through the spleen quickly, about 30 seconds, and a small amount of blood flows slowly, taking several minutes to 1 hour, depending on the functional state of the spleen.
The nerve distribution of spleen has made a breakthrough in the nerve distribution of various organs of the immune system in recent ten years. It is found that there are many nerve endings in lymphoid tissue, and there are many neurotransmitter receptors on the surface of lymphocytes and macrophages, thus changing the previous concept that nerves do not directly regulate free cells. After the splenic nerve enters the splenic hilum, its branches are not only distributed in blood vessels and trabecular smooth muscle, but also many nerve endings enter the spleen parenchyma and are distributed in the lymphatic sheath and marginal area around the artery. It is rare in splenic cord of red pulp, but not common in lymphatic nodules. Under the electron microscope, the gap between some nerve endings and lymphocytes was only 6nm wide, and no synapses were formed. It shows that nerves have a direct regulatory effect on the functional activities of the immune system.
Definition of spleen: The largest peripheral lymphoid organ in human body, which is essentially composed of red pulp and white pulp, has the functions of hematopoiesis and blood filtration, and is also an important place for lymphocytes to have immune response and produce immune effector molecules after migration and antigen stimulation. The spleen is supplied with blood by splenic artery. The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac artery, and the gastroepiploy branches off near the splenic portal. Spleen is one of the peripheral immune organs, which has three functions:
1. First of all, it is the "blood bank" of the human body. The human body stores blood at rest and quiet, and discharges blood into the blood circulation to increase blood volume in stress states such as exercise, blood loss and hypoxia.
2. The spleen is like a "filter". When germs, antigens, foreign bodies and protozoa appear in the blood, macrophages and lymphocytes in the spleen will eat them;
3. Spleen can also produce immune substances such as immunoglobulin and complement, and play an immune role. Spleen is an important filter in blood circulation, which can remove foreign bodies, germs and aging and dead cells, especially red blood cells and platelets. Therefore, hypersplenism may cause the decrease of red blood cells and platelets. Spleen also has the function of producing lymphocytes.
Dream editing spleen theory
Definition of * * * function of spleen (classified by function)
The main function of the spleen can be defined.
1. Main blood supply.
2. Mainly filter blood.
3. The Lord hid the blood.
4. Lymphocytes mainly produce immune function.
It is the center of blood supply, blood filtration, blood storage and immunity. The role of western medicine theory (1) Hemofiltration: The main parts of spleen hemofiltration are splenic cord and marginal zone, which contain a large number of macrophages, which can devour and remove pathogens and aging blood cells in the blood. When splenomegaly or hyperfunction occurs, excessive destruction of red blood cells will cause anemia. After splenectomy, abnormal aging red blood cells in the blood increased greatly.
spleen
(2) Immunity: Pathogens invading the blood, such as bacteria, plasmodium, schistosomiasis, etc., can cause the immune response of the spleen, and the volume and internal structure of the spleen also change. In humoral immune response, the number of lymph nodes increased and the number of splenic plasma cells increased; In the cellular immune response, the lymphatic sheath around the pulse is obviously thickened. Among the lymphocytes in the spleen, T cells account for 40%, B cells account for 55%, and some K cells and NK cells.
(3) Hematopoiety: The spleen of the early embryo has hematopoietic function, but after the bone marrow begins to hematopoiesis, the spleen gradually becomes a lymphoid organ, and a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells can be produced under the stimulation of antigens. However, the spleen still contains a small amount of hematopoietic stem cells. When the body is seriously ischemic or in some pathological state, the spleen can restore hematopoietic function.
(4) Blood storage: The blood storage of human spleen is small, about 40ml, mainly stored in blood sinuses. When the spleen is enlarged, its blood storage capacity also increases. When the body needs blood, the contraction of smooth muscle in the spleen can discharge the stored blood into the blood circulation, and the spleen will contract immediately.
TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) theory
The spleen is located in the upper abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm, connected with the stomach through the membrane, "shaped like a dog's tongue and comb", and forms the spleen system with the stomach, meat, lips and mouth. It is the source of qi and blood biochemistry, and the viscera and bones of human body are nourished by spleen, so it is called acquired essence. The five elements belong to the earth, which is the most yin of the yin. The spleen corresponds to the long summer of the four seasons.
Anatomical morphology of (1) spleen
1. Anatomical location of the spleen: located in the upper abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm, deep in the left rib, attached to the upper left of the stomach back. "Spleen and stomach are connected by a membrane" (On Taiyin Yangming in Su Wen).
2. Morphology and structure of the spleen: The spleen is a flat oval curved organ, shaped like a sickle, with purple and red colors. In TCM literature, the image of the spleen is "flat as a horseshoe" (Introduction to Tibetan Medicine), "horse liver purple in color and sickle in shape" (yiguang), and "shaped like a dog's tongue and a cockscomb, born under the stomach, horizontally attached to the stomach bottom, flush with the first waist bone, with the head extending to the small intestine to the right and the tail tip connected to the fleshy side of the spleen to the left." Flat as a horseshoe "refers to the spleen," shaped like a sickle ","dog's tongue "and" cockscomb "refers to the pancreas.
In a word, from the position and shape of the spleen, we can know that the "spleen" in the theory of visceral manifestation is the spleen and pancreas in modern anatomy. But its physiological function is far from being covered by spleen and pancreas.
(2) Physiological function of spleen
1. Spleen governs transport and transformation: transport, that is, transport, that is, digestion and absorption. Spleen governs transport, that is to say, spleen has the function of transforming Shui Gu into subtle substances, and transmitting the subtle substances to all organs and tissues of the whole body. In fact, spleen is the function of digesting, absorbing and transporting nutrients: the digestion of diet and the absorption and transportation of nutrients are complex physiological activities involving many organs such as spleen and stomach, liver and gallbladder, large intestine and small intestine, among which spleen plays a leading role: the transportation function of spleen mainly depends on the functions of clearing spleen-qi and warming spleen-yang; High spleen is healthy. "When one accepts Shui Gu, one's temper will rise" (Appendix to Tibetan Classics and Medical Three-Character Classics), "Spleen will rise and be good at grinding" (four sages of the heart source), and Shui Gu entered the stomach because of spleen yang. Therefore, "the spleen has one point of yang, which can be eliminated;" Spleen has ten-tenths of yang, which can be eliminated by ten-tenths "(Yi Yuan). Generally speaking, the transport function of spleen is to transport Shui Gu, but separately, it includes transport Shui Gu and transport water and liquid.
(1) Yunhua Shui Gu: Shui Gu, which refers to all kinds of diets. Spleen transport into Shui Gu refers to digestion and absorption of food and drink by spleen. The process of spleen transporting Shui Gu is as follows: firstly, the diet digested by the stomach is transformed into Shui Gu essence (also known as Shui Gu essence) through the turbidity of the small intestine and the role of the spleen in grinding and digestion; The second is to absorb subtle Shui Gu and transfer it to the whole body; The third is to inject Shui Gu's subtle heart and lungs into vital substances such as qi and blood. In a word, the spleen governs the transport of Shui Gu, including the important physiological functions of digesting Shui Gu, absorbing and transferring subtle elements, and transforming subtle elements into qi and blood. After eating a human stomach, the digestion and absorption of food is actually carried out in the stomach and small intestine. "Spleen governs transport and transformation, while stomach governs reception, which leads to Shui Gu" (Classic Tibetan Elephant). The stomach receives Shui Gu, initially digests food and drinks, and then moves down to the small intestine through the pylorus for further digestion. However, we must rely on the role of the spleen to grind grains and promote digestion, so that Shui Gu can be transformed into subtle. "Spleen killed Shui Gu, not grinding it, not pestle it, not sucking it with air, but food does not fall. When food enters the stomach, it is full of qi and quality, quality should be released and qi should rise. If it is fumigated with stomach gas, the temperament will be left, and the temper will be the same, then the stomach gas will help and the essence of food will be left behind. Until there is no gas, it will be sent away, the pylorus will open, and the dross will be discarded. " (medical reference).
After the food is digested and absorbed, its subtle Shui Gu is transferred to the lung through the functions of invigorating the spleen and dispersing essence, and is injected into the heart pulse from the lung, converted into qi and blood, and then transported to the whole body through the meridians, nourishing the internal organs, limbs, bones, fur, muscles and other tissues and organs. "Diet precedes the stomach, and once the spleen and stomach are transported, they will be lost to the lungs, and lung qi will be transmitted to the human viscera. Turbid qi will affect the small intestine, and the small intestine is also a melting pot for the spleen and stomach to divide gold" (First Edition of Medical Rights). In a word, the subtle Shui Gu needed by the internal organs to maintain normal physiological activities depends on the transport and transformation of the spleen. Because dietary Shui Gu is the main source of nutrients necessary for maintaining life activities after birth, and it is also the material basis for generating qi and blood. The transport and transformation of dietary Shui Gu is dominated by the spleen, so the spleen is the acquired foundation and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. Therefore, as the saying goes, "once you have this body, you are endowed with essence, which flows into the stomach and purges into the five internal organs, resulting in essence, which harmonizes with the five internal organs and produces blood." But people are endowed with life, so it is said that the essence of the day after tomorrow lies in the spleen ("Kidney is congenital spleen and acquired theory"). However, "the five flavors of population are hidden in the stomach, and the spleen is its essence" (Su Wen Bing Qi Lun), people take Shui Gu as the foundation, and the spleen and stomach are the sea of water and valleys, so the spleen and stomach are the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. This theory has important guiding significance for health preservation and disease prevention.
Spleen has a strong transport function, which is customarily called "spleen healthy transport". Only when the spleen is healthy can the digestion and absorption function of the body be improved, the qi, blood, body fluids can be adequately nourished, and the viscera and tissues of the whole body can be fully nourished to maintain normal physiological activities. On the other hand, if the spleen loses its health, the digestion and absorption function of the body will be abnormal, resulting in abdominal distension, loose stool, loss of appetite and even burnout, emaciation, deficiency of qi and blood and other pathological changes.
(2) Water-wet transport: Water-wet transport, also known as water-liquid transport, refers to the absorption and transport of water and liquid by the spleen, which regulates the water-liquid metabolism of human body, that is, the spleen cooperates with organs such as lung, kidney, triple energizer and bladder to regulate and maintain the balance of water-liquid metabolism of human body. Spleen is the key to regulate the metabolism of water and fluid in human body. In the process of water metabolism of human body, the spleen transports Shui Gu essence, and at the same time, it also transports water (body fluid) needed by human body to all tissues of the whole body through the heart and lungs, which plays a role in nourishing and moistening, and timely transports the water used by all tissues and organs to the kidneys, and forms urine through the gasification of the kidneys, which is sent to the bladder to be excreted, thus maintaining the balance of water metabolism in the body. Spleen is in the middle jiao, which is the hinge of the ascending and descending of human qi, so it plays an important role in the process of water-liquid metabolism. Therefore, the spleen has a strong function of transporting water and dampness, which can not only fully moisten the tissues in the body with water and liquid, but also avoid excessive water and dampness and retention. On the other hand, if the function of spleen transporting water and dampness is abnormal, it will inevitably lead to water stagnation in the body and produce pathological products such as water and dampness, phlegm and even edema. Therefore, "all wet swelling belongs to the spleen" ("Su Wenzhi's Theory of Truth"). This is also the source of spleen deficiency and dampness excess, spleen producing phlegm and the mechanism of spleen edema.
The function of spleen transporting Shui Gu and the function of transporting water and dampness are interrelated and influenced each other. One dysfunction will lead to another dysfunction, so they often see each other pathologically.
2. Spleen governs blood: Spleen governs blood, which refers to the blood-producing function of spleen. Unified blood is unified control. The spleen governs blood, which means that the spleen has the function of controlling blood, so that it runs in the meridians without overflowing the veins.
(1) Spleen governs blood production: Spleen is the acquired foundation and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. Spleen transport Shui Gu subtle, which is the main material basis of blood production. Therefore, Zhang Jingyue said: "Blood ... comes from a steady stream and is biochemical in the spleen" (Jingluequanshu Blood Syndrome). Shui Gu, spleen governs transport and transformation, and subtle qi generates blood. Spleen is healthy, the source of metaplasia is sufficient, and qi and blood are sufficient. If the spleen loses health and blood-producing substances, the blood will be deficient, and there will be signs of blood deficiency such as dizziness, pale face, mouth, lips and nails.
⑵ Spleen governs blood: "Spleen governs the blood of meridians" (summarized by famous doctors), "The blood of human internal organs depends entirely on spleen" (Shen Zhu Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Volume 16). Temper can control the whole body blood and make it run normally without spilling blood. The function of regulating blood of spleen is realized by the function of qi sucking blood. Spleen is the source of qi and blood biochemistry, qi is handsome blood, and blood moves with qi. When the function of spleen transport and transformation is vigorous, qi and blood are full and qi can suck blood; Strong qi, strong fixation, blood will not escape from the pulse and bleed. On the other hand, if the transport function of the spleen decreases and the source of metaplasia is insufficient, the qi and blood are deficient, while the qi deficiency has no right to regulate blood, resulting in bleeding. It can be seen that the spleen governing blood is actually a concrete manifestation of the effect of qi on blood. The so-called "spleen governs blood, and blood will flourish with the spleen" (medicine and blood). However, regulating spleen blood is also closely related to spleen yang. "Spleen governs blood, and the operation of blood depends on spleen. Spleen yang deficiency can't control blood (blood syndrome theory and pathogenesis of viscera). Bleeding caused by spleen losing health, yang failing, failing to control blood and blood failing to return to meridian is called spleen failing to control blood. The clinical manifestations are subcutaneous hemorrhage, hematochezia, hematuria and uterine bleeding. , especially the bleeding.
Spleen can not only produce blood, but also suck blood, which has the dual function of producing blood. So: "Spleen can control blood, but spleen deficiency can't suck blood;" Spleen turns into blood, spleen deficiency can't be transported, and blood has no owner, so it falls into a wrong path "("synopsis of the golden chamber, wing volume 2 ").
3。 Spleen governing ascending Qing: ascending fingers and ascending hair; Clear refers to subtle substances. Spleen governing ascending Qing means that the function of spleen is to absorb nutrients such as Shui Gu and input them into the heart, lungs and head, and then transform qi and blood through the functions of the heart and lungs, nourish the whole body, and keep the position of human internal organs relatively constant. This transportation function is characterized by rising, so it is said that "temper dominates rising"
Ascension is mainly subtle substances, so it is said that "spleen governs ascending". The increase of spleen is contrary to the decrease of gastric turbidity. The spleen should be healthy when rising, and the stomach should be harmonious when falling. Spleen-qi governing ascending and stomach-qi governing descending form a pair of contradictions, which are both opposite and unified, and jointly complete the digestion, absorption and distribution of diet. On the other hand, the harmonious balance between ascending and descending factors and viscera is an important factor to maintain the relatively constant position of human viscera. The rise of temper can keep the position of internal organs unchanged and will not sag. The function of clearing spleen is normal, and nutrients such as Shui Gu essence and qi can be absorbed and distributed normally, which makes qi and blood full and human body full of vitality. At the same time, rising temper can prevent visceral sagging. If the temper is not clear, Shui Gu will not be able to run qi and blood, and there will be symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness and diarrhea. Depression of temper (also known as depression of middle qi) can be seen as long-term diarrhea, proctoptosis and even visceral prolapse.
(3) Physiological characteristics of spleen
1. Spleen should be healthy when ascending: ascending means ascending, and descending means ascending. The five internal organs have their ups and downs, and the heart and lungs rise, and those who rise should fall; Liver and kidney are in the lower part, and the lower part should rise; The spleen and stomach are in the middle, and the middle can rise and fall. The interaction of the ascending and descending of the five zang-organs qi forms the integrity of the gasification activity of the organism and maintains the dynamic balance of the ascending and descending of the qi. Spleen ascending stomach descending is the hinge of the ascending and descending of human qi. Spleen governing ascending refers to the operation form of qi of spleen, in which ascending is the most important. Spleen ascending leads to healthy temper and normal physiological function, so it is said that "spleen ascending leads to health" (Guide to Clinical Medical Records, Volume II).
2. Spleen likes dryness and hates dampness: spleen is the dirty of wet soil, and stomach is the fu-organ of Yangming's dry soil. "Too wet soil, Yang Shiyun; Yangming dries the soil, and yin is self-satisfied. This spleen likes dryness and the stomach likes softness and moistening "(J Clinical Guide Medical Records II). Spleen likes dryness and hates dampness, as opposed to stomach. Spleen can transport water and dampness, thus regulating the metabolic balance of water and fluid in the body: spleen deficiency is the easiest to produce dampness, and excess dampness is the easiest to trap spleen. "Those who are wet and like to return to the spleen feel the same qi" (Clinical Guide to Medical Records, Volume II). Spleen governs dampness and hates dampness, spleen is injured by dampness, spleen loses health and transport, and water is wet, which is called "dampness trapping spleen soil". It can be seen that the head is heavy, the abdomen is stuffy, and the mouth is sticky and not thirsty. If the spleen is weak and has no right to exercise, it is called "spleen disease producing dampness" (spleen deficiency producing dampness), which is characterized by weakness of limbs, anorexia, abdominal distension, excessive phlegm, diarrhea and edema. In short, the spleen has the characteristics of aversion to dampness and has a special susceptibility to dampness.
3. The spleen corresponds to the long summer: the spleen dominates the long summer, and the long summer spleen is more prosperous. In the long summer, the physiological function of the spleen corresponds to the changes of Yin and Yang. In addition, the spleen has internal relations with central position, dampness, soil, yellow and sweet taste. Spleen transports dampness and hates dampness. Dampness of the spleen causes fullness in the chest, lack of food and fatigue, loose stool, sweet mouth and greasy tongue coating, which reflects the relationship between spleen and dampness. Therefore, Xia Zhishi, who has been practicing medicine for a long time, often adds fragrant products such as Pogostemon and Eupatorium odoratum. In addition, the spleen is the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. Spleen deficiency can lead to fatigue and loss of appetite. Clinical treatment of spleen deficiency, mostly uses codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, lentils, jujube, maltose and other sweet crystals, reflecting the relationship between qi and liver.
(4) The relationship between spleen and form, orifices, spirit and fluid.
1. Spleen in the body, muscles in the lips, mouth opening, thinking in the brain, saliva in the liquid. Therefore, according to general muscle diseases, spleen can be differentiated into spleen meridian, spleen is acquired, and the pathological changes of temper can be manifested on the lips. In addition, if you think too much about the spleen, excessive lovesickness will hurt your temper, which can be treated dialectically and then treated with saliva. For children who drool or drool too much, they can also differentiate from the spleen meridian.
Taoism is interpreted as one of the five internal organs. Spleen has the function of transporting and transforming Shui Gu. When discussing its function, the spleen and stomach are often put together. Spleen digests diet and delivers the essence of diet to the whole body, so spleen is the foundation of the day after tomorrow. Spleen can also control the whole body blood, regulate blood circulation and make it run normally. Temper is rising. It can transfer the essence and body fluid in the diet to the lungs, and then to other viscera, transforming blood gas. Generally speaking, the "Qi" with the function of invigorating qi of the spleen is the driving force representing human functions. The generation of this power depends on the normal transport and transformation ability of the spleen. Spleen can transport water and dampness, which is related to water-liquid metabolism; At the same time, the spleen is also related to limbs and muscles, such as normal transport function of the spleen, vigorous activity of limbs and full and strong muscles.
"The True Biography of the Wonderful Cave in Yuanyuan Road" volume: "The spleen is the dirty stomach, and the house is the house. Like the earth, it flourishes in seasons, dies in spring, and dies in Party A and Party B ... Its tone house, its color is yellow, its nature is quiet, happy and harmonious, its meat is nourishing, its lips are waiting, its taste is sweet, its smell is fragrant, its saliva is drooling and its voice is singing. The spleen hides thoughts, and thoughts hurt the spleen. Spleen, the official of granary, the resident of this camp. Tempers fuse, so five flavors come out. Its brilliance and labor are in the four whites of the lips, and it fills the muscles. " Taoist alchemists believe that through the cultivation of temper, the triple energizer can be unblocked, the spleen and stomach can rise and fall harmoniously, the middle-earth water and grain can be transported and transformed vigorously, the sources of qi, blood and body fluid in Wei Rong can be increased, the body nutrition can be strengthened, and the functions of the five internal organs can be brought into normal play.
The difference of the concept of spleen between Chinese medicine and western medicine Both Chinese medicine and western medicine have the concept of spleen, but the definitions of the function and intrinsic properties of spleen in the two medicines are essentially different and cannot be confused.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the spleen is the main organ that transports Shui Gu, that is, it can digest, so it should include the pancreas. Some people say that the spleen governs blood, so it can be immune.
The spleen of western medicine is the largest lymph node in human body and belongs to the immune system.
The medical profession has always been critical of spleen-to-spleen translation, which is regarded as an extremely wrong translation method, but it has become a habit for many years, so it has not changed. Anatomically speaking, the spleen of traditional Chinese medicine has no specific position and is generally regarded as an abstract organ, while the spleen of western medicine is located in the left rib, between the left stomach and the diaphragm, which is equivalent to the deep surface of the left 9 ~ 1 1 rib, and its long axis is basically the same as the direction of1rib.