Vitamins are important components in human body and play an irreplaceable role in human body. Mainly divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Their sources, physiological functions and shortcomings are introduced as follows:
I. fat-soluble vitamins
1. Vitamin A. Its physiological function is to maintain the vision of the eyes in the dark; Maintain the normal structure of epithelial tissue; Promote growth and development. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to dry eye, night blindness, epithelial hyperplasia and keratinization. Fat-soluble retinol (vitamin A) was found by Elmer McCollum and M. Davis between 19 12 and 19 14. It is not a single compound, but a series of derivatives of retinol (retinol is also translated as vitamin A alcohol and rosin oil), also known as anti-dry eye vitamin cod liver oil and green vegetables.
Water-soluble thiamine (vitamin B 1) was prepared by casimir? It was discovered by Feng Ke in 19 12 (for example 19 1 1). It usually exists in organisms in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Yeast, grain, liver, soybean, meat.
2. Vitamin D. Its physiological function is to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in food; Promote the growth and development of bones. Vitamin D deficiency can make children prone to rickets and adults suffer from osteomalacia. Fat-soluble calciferol (vitamin D) was discovered by Edward Mellanby in 1922. Also known as calciferol and anti-rickets vitamins, there are mainly vitamin D2, ergocalciferol and vitamin D3, and cholecalciferol. This is the only vitamin that can be synthesized in a small amount, such as cod liver oil, egg yolk, dairy products, yeast and so on.
3. Vitamin E, whose physiological function is to maintain normal reproductive function and prevent muscle atrophy. Lack of vitamin e is less likely. Fat-soluble tocopherol (vitamin E) was discovered by Herbert Evans and Catherine Bishop in 1922. There are mainly four kinds of eggs, liver, fish and vegetable oil: α, β, γ and δ.
4. vitamin K. Its physiological function is to promote the synthesis of thrombin in liver. Lack of vitamin K, bleeding is not easy to stop bleeding and blood is not easy to coagulate. Henrik Dam discovered fat-soluble naphthoquinone (vitamin K) in 1929. It is the floorboard of a series of naphthoquinone derivatives, mainly including natural vitamin K 1 from plants, vitamin K2 from animals, and synthetic vitamins K3 and K4. Also known as frozen vitamins spinach, alfalfa, cabbage, liver.
5. vitamin c, also known as ascorbic acid. Its physiological function is to participate in the formation of intercellular substances and cell metabolism. Lack of vitamin C can lead to gingival bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and scurvy in severe cases. Water-soluble ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is prepared by James? Linde found it in 1747. Also known as ascorbic acid. Lemon, orange, apple, jujube, strawberry, pepper, potato and spinach are all rich in vitamin C.
6. vitamin b
1) vitamin B 1 (thiamine). Its physiological function can promote the oxidation of sugar in the body and stimulate appetite. Lack of vitamin B 1 can easily lead to polyneuritis, beriberi and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Water-soluble thiamine (vitamin B 1) was prepared by casimir? It was discovered by Feng Ke in 19 12 (for example 19 1 1). It usually exists in organisms in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Yeast, grain, liver, soybean, meat.
2) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Its physiological function is a component of the auxiliary group of collagenase, which plays the role of hydrogen transfer in the process of biological oxidation. Lack of vitamin B2, prone to angular stomatitis, glossitis, keratitis, bursitis. Water-soluble riboflavin (vitamin B2) was found in 1926 by D.T. Smith and Hendrick, for example. Vitamin G is also called yeast, liver, vegetables and eggs.
3) Water-soluble pantothenic acid (vitamin B3) was discovered by Roger Williams in 1933. Also known as pantothenic acid yeast, grain, liver and vegetables.
4) Water-soluble nicotinic acid (calcium pantothenate) was discovered by Conrad Elvehjem in 1937. Also known as vitamin P and vitamin PP, including nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (nicotinamide), all belong to pyridine derivatives. Nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid yeast, grain, liver, rice bran.
5) vitamin B6. Its physiological function is the coenzyme component of amino acid transaminase and decarboxylase. No deficiency was found, which can be used to stop vomiting. The water-soluble pyridoxine (vitamin B6) was discovered by Paul Georgi in 1934. Include pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine yeast, grains, livers, eggs and dairy products.
6) water-soluble biotin (vitamin B7), also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R, yeast, liver, grain,
7) Water-soluble folic acid (vitamin B9) is also called pteroyl glutamic acid, pteroyl glutamic acid, vitamin M or leaf essence, vegetable leaf and liver.
8) Vitamin B 12. Its physiological function is related to the maturity of red ball. Lack of vitamin B 12 will lead to megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia. Water-soluble cobalamin (vitamin B 12) was discovered by Karl Fox and Alexander Todd in 1948. Also known as cyanocobalamin or [[coenzyme B 12]] liver, fish, meat and eggs.
What kinds of vitamins are there? What are the functions of vitamins?
Vitamins can be divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins according to their solubility. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E and K, and water-soluble vitamins include vitamins B2, B6, B 12 and C.
Vitamins are important components in human body and play an irreplaceable role in human body. Mainly divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Their sources, physiological functions and shortcomings are introduced as follows:
I. fat-soluble vitamins
1. Vitamin A. Its physiological function is to maintain the vision of the eyes in the dark; Maintain the normal structure of epithelial tissue; Promote growth and development. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to dry eye, night blindness, epithelial hyperplasia and keratinization. Fat-soluble retinol (vitamin A) was found by Elmer McCollum and M. Davis between 19 12 and 19 14. It is not a single compound, but a series of derivatives of retinol (retinol is also translated into vitamin A alcohol and rosin oil), also known as anti-dry eye vitamin cod liver oil and green vegetables.
Water-soluble thiamine (vitamin B 1) was prepared by casimir? It was discovered by Feng Ke in 19 12 (for example 19 1 1). It usually exists in organisms in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Yeast, grain, liver, soybean, meat.
2. Vitamin D. Its physiological function is to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in food; Promote the growth and development of bones. Vitamin D deficiency can make children prone to rickets and adults suffer from osteomalacia. Fat-soluble calciferol (vitamin D) was discovered by Edward Mellanby in 1922. Also known as calciferol and anti-rickets vitamins, there are mainly vitamin D2, ergocalciferol and vitamin D3, and cholecalciferol. This is the only vitamin that can be synthesized in a small amount, such as cod liver oil, egg yolk, dairy products, yeast and so on.
3. Vitamin E, whose physiological function is to maintain normal reproductive function and prevent muscle atrophy. Lack of vitamin e is less likely. Fat-soluble tocopherol (vitamin E) was discovered by Herbert Evans and Catherine Bishop in 1922. There are mainly four kinds of eggs, liver, fish and vegetable oil: α, β, γ and δ.
4. vitamin K. Its physiological function is to promote the synthesis of thrombin in liver. Lack of vitamin K, bleeding is not easy to stop bleeding and blood is not easy to coagulate. Henrik Dam discovered fat-soluble naphthoquinone (vitamin K) in 1929. It is the floorboard of a series of naphthoquinone derivatives, mainly including natural vitamin K 1 from plants, vitamin K2 from animals, and synthetic vitamins K3 and K4. Also known as frozen vitamins spinach, alfalfa, cabbage, liver.
5. vitamin c, also known as ascorbic acid. Its physiological function is to participate in the formation of intercellular substances and cell metabolism. Lack of vitamin C can lead to gingival bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and scurvy in severe cases. Water-soluble ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is prepared by James? Linde found it in 1747. Also known as ascorbic acid. Lemon, orange, apple, jujube, strawberry, pepper, potato and spinach are all rich in vitamin C.
6. vitamin b
1) vitamin B 1 (thiamine). Its physiological function can promote the oxidation of sugar in the body and stimulate appetite. Lack of vitamin B 1 can easily lead to polyneuritis, beriberi and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Water-soluble thiamine (vitamin B 1) was prepared by casimir? It was discovered by Feng Ke in 19 12 (for example 19 1 1). It usually exists in organisms in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Yeast, grain, liver, soybean, meat.
2) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Its physiological function is a component of the auxiliary group of collagenase, which plays the role of hydrogen transfer in the process of biological oxidation. Lack of vitamin B2, prone to angular stomatitis, glossitis, keratitis, bursitis. Water-soluble riboflavin (vitamin B2) was found in 1926 by D.T. Smith and Hendrick, for example. Vitamin G is also called yeast, liver, vegetables and eggs.
3) Water-soluble pantothenic acid (vitamin B3) was discovered by Roger Williams in 1933. Also known as pantothenic acid yeast, grain, liver and vegetables.
4) Water-soluble nicotinic acid (calcium pantothenate) was discovered by Conrad Elvehjem in 1937. Also known as vitamin P and vitamin PP, including nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (nicotinamide), all belong to pyridine derivatives. Nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid yeast, grain, liver, rice bran.
5) vitamin B6. Its physiological function is the coenzyme component of amino acid transaminase and decarboxylase. No deficiency was found, which can be used to stop vomiting. The water-soluble pyridoxine (vitamin B6) was discovered by Paul Georgi in 1934. Include pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine yeast, grains, livers, eggs and dairy products.
6) water-soluble biotin (vitamin B7), also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R, yeast, liver, grain,
7) Water-soluble folic acid (vitamin B9) is also called pteroyl glutamic acid, pteroyl glutamic acid, vitamin M or leaf essence, vegetable leaf and liver.
8) Vitamin B 12. Its physiological function is related to the maturity of red ball. Lack of vitamin B 12 will lead to megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia. Water-soluble cobalamin (vitamin B 12) was discovered by Karl Fox and Alexander Todd in 1948. Also known as cyanocobalamin or [[coenzyme B 12]] liver, fish, meat and eggs.