1, health care point for middle-aged and elderly people
(1) Reasonable diet
Eat less and more meals, eat low-fat food, and have a balanced nutrition.
(2) Appropriate drinking
Drink more water and less alcohol.
(3) Quit smoking
Quit smoking sooner or later. Smoking will increase the risk of heart disease or cancer and shorten life expectancy.
(4) Walking
Walking is a better way to stay alert, flexible and healthy. Fresh air is better than tonic.
(5) Seek more fun
Keep in touch with family, friends and neighbors. Remember to live, study and teach.
(6) Positive and confident
Cheerful and optimistic people are easy to get close to you.
(7) always be careful
Your life and the lives of others depend on your clear mind and clear vision.
(8) Sexual life
There is no age limit for sexual life.
Exercise is good for you.
Less strenuous exercise is good for your health, and it also allows you to get in touch with other people. Swimming and adaptive exercise are especially recommended.
(10) drugs
Don't abuse antidepressants and sleeping pills. Only take the medicine recommended by the doctor.
Remember that you may be a role model for teenagers.
2. Formation and standard of blood pressure
Blood pressure refers to the pressure on the arterial wall caused by blood flowing in blood vessels. Blood pressure is expressed in Kpa or mmHg. 1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg. Blood pressure is divided into systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
The standard of normal adult blood pressure is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as: systolic blood pressure 90-140mmhg (12-18.7kpa);
Diastolic pressure is 60-90 mm Hg (8- 12 kPa).
3. How to determine hypertension
Whether blood pressure rises or not can only be determined by sphygmomanometer measurement. Most patients with hypertension are asymptomatic in the early stage, and a few will have dizziness, headache, insomnia, palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue and tinnitus. But most of them are ignored, leading to serious consequences such as hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Middle-aged and elderly people should take the initiative to measure their blood pressure regularly. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90mmhg. But it takes three tests on different days to confirm the diagnosis.
4. Causes of high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, etc. , is the main disease threat to human health in China and even the world. In China, the cause of death is the first, especially cerebrovascular disease, with high mortality and disability rate. In recent years, the incidence rate has gradually increased, the main reasons are:
(1) The prolongation of human life has increased the incidence of arteriosclerosis.
(2) The incidence of infectious diseases, especially severe infectious diseases, has been controlled.
(3) The improvement of living standard and the change of people's diet structure.
(4) The social competition is intensified, the work is tense, and the mental pressure is increased.
5. What is a stroke?
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular accident, or "stroke". Include cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among them, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage are hemorrhagic strokes; Cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism are both ischemic strokes. Most patients showed hemiplegia and aphasia.
6, the cause of the stroke
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia (diabetes), high age (over 50 years old), high weight (obesity), swallowing, high salt diet, etc.
7. Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, was difficult to prevent before. With the development of medicine, comprehensive measures can be taken to prevent it.
Prevention of cerebral hemorrhage:
(1) Early detection and treatment of hypertension.
(2) avoid emotional excitement.
(3) Avoid head trauma.
(4) Pay attention to the presence of hemorrhagic diseases and cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
(5) The diet is light, low in salt and cholesterol.
Prevent cerebral thrombosis;
(1) Control hypertension.
(2) Early detection and treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
(3) Quit smoking and eat a low-salt and low-fat diet.
(4) Live a regular life and take part in physical exercise appropriately.
8, the main symptoms of coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is short for coronary heart disease. Refers to the heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by coronary atherosclerosis blocking vascular lumen or coronary artery spasm. Middle-aged and elderly people are sick. Its main symptom is angina pectoris, which often happens when you are tired, excited, cold and full. Compressive or constrictive pain in the precordial region and behind the sternum can radiate to the left shoulder and upper limbs. The pain lasts only a few minutes and can be relieved by rest or taking isosorbide dinitrate. If not relieved, myocardial infarction may have occurred. The symptoms of angina pectoris in the elderly are atypical, and sometimes they only show irregular chest tightness or chest discomfort.
9. Coronary heart disease and angina pectoris?
(1) Age: More than 40 years old.
(2) Gender: Men are more common than women.
(3) Mental workers are more common.
(4) Hyperlipidemia: People with high blood lipid content have a higher incidence.
(5) Hypertension: Most patients with coronary heart disease are complicated with hypertension.
(6) The incidence of obesity is high.
(7) Smokers are more common.
(8) The incidence of diabetes is high.
(9) Heredity: The incidence of coronary heart disease in children is high.
(10) Mental factors: The incidence of mental stress, irritability and anxiety is high.
1 1 to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
Old people must move slowly when they get up or stand. Otherwise, there will be "seeing stars" and dizziness. In severe cases, accidents such as syncope and fall will occur. This disease is called primary orthostatic hypotension, because people suddenly stand up when lying, squatting and sitting, so that the blood pressure of the human body can not adapt to this rapid change, leading to temporary hypotension and insufficient blood supply to the brain. To prevent orthostatic hypotension, we should move slowly and pay attention to strengthening physical exercise.
12, how to delay cerebrovascular sclerosis
Properly control the intake of high cholesterol foods, such as fat meat, egg yolk, animal offal, etc. And effectively control blood pressure at a reasonable level. If you are hypertensive, keep your blood pressure at the upper limit of normal. Too high or too low is not conducive to brain circulation. Take part in appropriate sports activities and maintain an optimistic mental state. These are all measures to combat cerebral arteriosclerosis.
13, manifestations of diabetes
Middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension are prone to diabetes. Diabetes often has no symptoms in the early stage, only when the blood sugar rises and urine sugar is positive during health examination. This is called asymptomatic diabetes. When it comes to clinical diabetes, patients often show symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and emaciation. In order to find diabetes early, blood sugar and urine sugar should be detected in the health examination of middle-aged and elderly people to find early diabetes.
14, diet of hypertensive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
(1) low-salt diet. 4 ~ 6 grams a day, too much salt intake will cause arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure;
(2) Quit smoking and limit alcohol;
(3) control diet to lose weight and pay more attention to obese people;
(4) Eat little or no animal fat, and take vegetable oil as the source of fatty acid, such as peanut oil and rapeseed oil; Eat less foods with high sterol content, such as dirty pork, eggs and shrimp. Eat more fruits and vegetables with more cellulose. Eat more fish properly, because the cholesterol of fish is high density lipoprotein, which can prevent arteriosclerosis.
15. Foods with high animal fat and cholesterol: animal viscera such as fat, liver, brain, kidney and lung, snails, cuttlefish, bone marrow, lard, egg yolk and cream. Middle-aged and elderly people should avoid taking it frequently.
Foods low in animal fat and cholesterol: lean meat, chicken, lean duck, fish, bean products and other elderly people can often eat.