According to the height, it can be divided into high mountains, middle mountains and low mountains. Generally speaking, "high mountain" means that the relative height of the main peak of the mountain is above 1000m, "Zhongshan" means that the relative height of the main peak is between 350m and 1000m, and "low mountain" means that the relative height of the main peak is between 150m and 350 m. If the relative height of the main peak is 65438,
According to the genesis, it can be divided into structural mountains, erosion mountains and accumulation mountains.
"Mountain system" refers to the floorboard of several adjacent mountains, which extend in a certain direction, are related in origin and regularly distributed.
"Mountain range" refers to several adjacent mountain ranges that are regularly distributed along a certain direction. Because it looks like blood, it is named "mountain range".
The "mountain boundary" refers to the intersection of many mountains, such as the "mountain boundary" in Pamir, China, which is formed by the intersection of Kunlun Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Karakorum Mountain and Hindu Kush Mountain. Looking down from space, a mountain range looks like a ribbon, and the "buckle" formed by such a ribbon is called a knot.
"Mountain Plain", a vast highland with complex structure and high altitude, is often a combination of heart pulse, heart system, plateau and basin. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the largest mountain plain in the world.
"Shanzui", the V-shaped valley in the mountainous area protrudes to the river, and the slope belt connected with the mountain range is called "Shanzui". Shanzui is divided into "staggered shanzui", "winding shanzui" and "flat shanzui".
A "mountain peak" is usually a fingertip-shaped mountain peak with a certain height, which is mostly composed of rocks. There are also faults, folds or shovels, vertical joints, and some volcanic cones.
"Shankou", also known as Yakou, refers to the saddle-shaped depression of tall mountains or ridges, which is often formed by erosion.
"Valley" refers to a large strip depression in mountainous areas, which is mainly caused by tectonic action, flowing water or glacier erosion. It is often used as a mountain-crossing highway, which can be divided into fault valley, syncline valley and anticlinal valley.
"Ridge" refers to a mountain higher than its surroundings, also known as "watershed".
hill
surname
1, the latter column (a column) Shan family, according to legend, was the leader of the ancient tribe named Jiang, who was born when the young code married the daughter of Gao. He lived in Jiang Shui Valley at first, and then moved eastward to the Central Plains. Emperor Yan was born in Lieshan, hence his name Shanshi Lie. Some of his descendants took "Shan" as their surname. According to "Custom Pass".
2. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was an official in charge of mountain affairs, Guan Shanlin. Later generations took the official as their surname. The officials in charge of forest development and management in the Zhou Dynasty were called mountain owners, and some were called mountain dangers. Some people inherit the mountain owner, and their descendants are named Shan, which is called Shan's family. According to the words and deeds of the famous family.
3. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a senior official in the State of Chu named Shu Shan Ran, and his descendants took "Shu Shan" in his name as their surname. Generation after generation.
In ancient times, there was a compound surname Tu Nan, which was changed to Shan in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to Shu Wei. Official records.
5. The single surname of Hui nationality was first seen in daikanyama monk (general manager of Jinning Road) in Yuan Dynasty, whose ancestor was from Li Kang, and it was obviously only after people were imprisoned that the single surname was used. Today, the Hui people with Shan surname are mainly distributed in Henan and Ningxia.
6, one of the five techniques of metaphysics, the five techniques refer to: mountain, medicine, phase, life, and divination. Among them, "Mountain" includes three parts: Xuandian, Health-keeping and Xiu Mi, which is the secret of nourishing heart and body.
The mountains of China.
China is a mountainous country, and the mountains are mostly east-west and northeast-southwest. The main mountain ranges are Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Karakorum Mountain, Tanggula Mountain, Nyainqentanglha Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Gangdise Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Daxinganling Mountain, Changbai Mountain and Taiwan Province Mountain. There are 19 mountain peaks over 7000m above sea level in the world, 7 of which are located in China and on the border. There are many tall mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are called the "roofs of the world". The Himalayas, with an average elevation of 6000 meters, is the highest and most majestic mountain range in the world. Its main peak, Mount Everest, is 8 8 4 4.4 3 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the world. In addition, there are Huangshan, Taishan, Huashan, Songshan, Hengshan, Emei, Lushan, Wudang, Yandang and other famous mountains.
High mountains and Running water
Guqin music During the Warring States Period, there was a story of Qin Le about high mountains and flowing water, so it was also said that "high mountains and flowing water" was written by Boya. The music score was first seen in The Secret Music of the Ming Dynasty (written by Zhu Quan at 1425). The solution of this score is: "Mountain Flowing Water is two songs, but there is only one. The first ambition is to care about mountains and rivers, saying that benevolent people are Leshan. The ambition of the future is to care about running water, which means that the wise are happy with water. The Tang dynasty is divided into two songs, regardless of section. The highest mountain is divided into four sections and eight sections of flowing water. " For more than 2,000 years, two famous guqin songs, Mountain and Running Water, together with the story of Boya guqin meeting a bosom friend, have been widely circulated among the people.
"Mountain Flowing Water" takes "Boya Guqin meets a bosom friend" as the main line, and there are many kinds of Le Shu. There are two kinds of Qin music and Zheng music, both of which have the same name and different styles.
With the development of Qin's performing arts since Ming and Qing Dynasties, "mountain" and "water" have undergone great changes. The legendary secret score is not segmented, but later the piano score is segmented. Among the numerous music scores since Ming and Qing Dynasties, Running Water, which was adapted by Zhang Kongshan, a pianist of Sichuan School, was included in Tian Wen Song Score (1876) compiled by Tang Dynasty in Qing Dynasty. The sixth paragraph of the technique of "rolling, brushing, dialing and noting", also known as "seventy-two rolling and brushing water", is widely used because of its vivid image and blending of scenes. According to the research of the Qin family, before the publication of Tian Wenqin's Song Score, there was no sixth paragraph performed by Zhang Kongshan in Quanqin Score, and the whole song had only eight paragraphs, which was in line with the problem-solving theory of the Magic Handbook, but the biography of Zhang Kongshan.
There is also a guzheng song "Mountain Stream and Running Water", the music is quite different from piano music, and it is also based on "Boya Guqin meets a bosom friend". There are many genres of music books. The most widely circulated and influential is the Biography of Zhejiang Wulin School, with elegant melody and meaningful charm, which has the appearance of "majestic mountains and flowing water".
Shandong School's "Mountain Flowing Water" is an ensemble of four ditties, namely, Qin Yun, the wind shaking the bamboo, the bell ringing at night and the rhyme of the book, also known as four paragraphs and four paragraphs of brocade.
The Mountain Flowing Water of Henan School is based on the folk song Old Liu Ban, with a fresh and lively rhythm. Folk artists often play this song when they meet for the first time to show respect and make friends. There is no * * in common between the three and the guqin song "Mountain Flowing Water", and they are all different songs with the same name.
mountains and rivers
Interpret the metaphor of mutual appreciation between friends or bosom friends. It is also a metaphor for the beauty of music.
During the Warring States Period, Zheng Yutong's Liezi Tang Wen said: "Boya drums and harps are aimed at high mountains, and Zhong Ziqi said:' OK, I am as high as Mount Tai!'" "Determined to manage water, Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, the ocean is like a river.' "
Comprehensive application of law; Become an object; Metaphor music is sublime.
For example, Qing Yuan Yuling's "West Building: A Talk about Disease": "Qing merchants draw beams and circles, word by word, and ten thousand kinds of music are rewarded."
Synonym: bosom friend is hard to find.
General regulations
Sina: Providing information
It is said that Boya, a pianist in the pre-Qin period, once played the piano on a barren land, but Zhong Ziqi, a woodcutter, can understand that this is a description of "ambition in the mountains" and "running water with ambition". Boya was surprised and said, "Well, my son's heart is with me." After the death of the hippo chef, Boya lost her bosom friend, her piano broke and she didn't exercise for life, so there was a song of mountains and flowing water.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya, who was proficient in temperament and superb in piano skills. He was a famous pianist at that time. When Yu Boya was young, he was smart and eager to learn. He has learned from others and his piano skills have reached the level. But he always feels that he can't express his feelings about all kinds of things in a superb way. Boya's teacher knew his idea and took him to Penglai Island in the East China Sea by boat, so that he could enjoy the natural scenery and listen to the waves of the sea. Boya looked up and saw the waves surging and splashing; Seabirds are roaring and singing; The lush trees in the forest are like entering a fairyland. A wonderful feeling arises spontaneously, as if the harmonious and beautiful music of nature rises in my ear. He couldn't help playing the piano, his voice turned at will, and the beauty of nature was integrated into the sound of the piano. Boya experienced an unprecedented realm. The teacher told him, "You have learned."
One night boating in Boya. Facing the cool breeze and bright moon, he was full of thoughts, so he played the piano again, and the sound of the piano was melodious and getting better. Suddenly I heard someone screaming on the shore. When Boya heard the sound, he got out of the boat and saw a woodcutter standing on the shore. Knowing that the man was a bosom friend, he immediately invited the woodcutter aboard and played for him with great interest. Boya played a tune praising the mountains, and the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Majestic and solemn, such as Mount Tai towering into the clouds! " When he played the surging waves, the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Vast and boundless, it seems to see rolling water and boundless sea! " Boya was excited and said excitedly, "bosom friend!" You are really my bosom friend. "This woodcutter is Zhong Ziqi. Since then, the two have become very good friends.
Shi Zhongshan
1. Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
2. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan: At Lusu)
3. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu: Looking at Yue)
Although a country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. (Du Fu: Hope in Spring)
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. (Wang Wei: Chai Lu)
6. The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. (Li Bai: "Guan Shanyue")
7. Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai: "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain")
8. Peas are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. (Tao Yuanming: Return to the Garden)
9. Castle Peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Xin Qiji: "Bodhisattva Xia? Book Jiangxi stoma wall "))
10. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. (Su Shi: "Title Xilin Wall")