In view of this, since 2002, the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University has opened a new chapter in the systematic research of princess chickens, and established the China Princess Chicken Breeding Research Center, from which the related research and variety selection of princess chickens have been carried out. Up to now, there have been 36 special studies on princess chickens and 23 new achievements have been made. In particular, modern poultry breeding methods combined with molecular genetic marker technology were used to breed the world's first commercial mating line of rare birds and princesses, which is the only commercial mating line of rare birds and princesses at home and abroad so far, and it is also a historic step for rare birds and princesses to move from ornamental to commercial, from traditional to modern, and from royal delicacies to ordinary people's homes.
Characteristics of commodity matching lines of rare birds and princess chickens
Main functions of 1
Princess chicken, domesticated from the wild, originated in Britain, France, the Netherlands and other European countries. In the past, it was a rare bird and delicacy of the royal family.
After five years' successful breeding, the commercial mating line of rare bird princess chicken consists of two pure lines: fast feathering line and slow feathering line. The commercial generation can separate itself from the male and female, and still retain the basic characteristics of the original imperial concubine chicken: wearing a crested comb, black and white Henaan, graceful figure, cute and attractive, petite and exquisite, colorful, elegant and luxurious, and good at human nature. It is a kind of ornamental chicken with great characteristics and charm, and it also has certain wildness.
In particular, rare lean-meat rare birds are petite, well-developed, compact in structure and well-developed in chest muscles; Thin skin, less subcutaneous fat, strong muscles, thin and hard bones, small and dense pores; There is the fragrance of native chicken, the compactness of pheasant and the game of birds. It is an ideal health food with high protein and low fat. It is well received by domestic and foreign markets and is very suitable for modern people's consumption concept and dietary characteristics.
2 Appearance characteristics
Strange appearance, three crowns and five claws, and black and white Henaan are its most typical features. The primary color of the whole body feathers is black, and white flying flowers are irregularly distributed throughout the body; There is a gorgeous hair crown on the head, which is shaped like a spherical big black and white flower feather bundle, plus three clusters of bright red crowns, just like a hat of a European imperial concubine, more like a rockhopper of an ancient imperial concubine in China, so it has the reputation of princess chicken, lady chicken and royal chicken; The beard covers part of the face, so that people can only see big and flexible eyes, small and short beaks and big nostrils exposed; The beak is short and pink; The skin is white; The tibia is thin, with light black spots on the pink white; One foot has five claws, and a rooster has a perch.
3 Biological characteristics As a rare bird, the commercial mating line of Guifei chicken still has some wildness and wide adaptability, and has all the characteristics of domestic chicken; Lively, neurotic, agile, good at flying low, can take off when frightened. Therefore, if it is a free-range princess chicken, it is required to have a fence playground with a height of not less than 2 meters; Gregarious, don't like fighting, but if you destroy the original group order, it will lead to fighting; I like being close to people. When someone visits the internet, I will step forward and give a pleasant cry to show my welcome. Strong phototaxis, after turning on the lights in the house at night, you can enter the house in groups; Strong disease resistance and high reproduction rate are related to the high haplotype B2 in the main histocompatibility complex types. Small in size, wide in feeding habits and fast in growth, it can be used as compound feed for domestic chickens. Insects, young leaves and grasses are their favorite delicacies. There is no nesting, and reproduction depends on artificial incubation, which is another rare feature, which is in line with the breeding and production direction of modern high-quality poultry (including egg-laying traits).
4 production performance
The mating line is a combination of fast and slow feather lines, which is convenient for seed production and popularization. Chickens raised by parents have high egg production and low feed intake. During the laying period, 65-75g of materials are consumed every day, and the annual egg production is 160- 180. The egg weighs 38-43g, and its shell is milky white with red inside. The accuracy of commercial generation of one-day-old chicks is over 98%, and they can be marketed at the age of 80 days. The weight of male and female is about 1000 and 700g respectively, and the weight of male and female at the age of 100 is about 1200 and 900g respectively. The ratio of feed to weight is 3-3.5: 1, and the survival rate is 96%.
Research status of commercial supporting lines of Erguifei chicken
Developing improved varieties of animal husbandry is the key. It is a shortcut to quickly and effectively solve the problem of improved varieties by introducing new varieties from home and abroad and breeding and popularizing marketable supporting lines on this basis. The successful breeding of commercial supporting lines of rare birds and chickens is an important measure to optimize the internal structure of animal husbandry, develop efficient animal husbandry and increase farmers' income.
In recent years, there are few reports about princess chicken at home and abroad. In particular, the research on the breeding of commercial mating lines, meat production performance and muscle quality of princess chickens has been carried out comprehensively and systematically in the China Princess Chicken Breeding Research Center (located in the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University), and few people in China have involved it.
The breeding and related research of 1 Guifei chicken commercial mating line have made great progress and preliminary results.
(1) In 2003, the frequency of phenotypic fast feathering gene was 89.7%, while the frequency of phenotypic slow feathering gene was only 10.3%. On this basis, a homozygous slow feathering strain was bred, and the frequency of slow feathering gene was homozygous from 10.3% to 100%. Obviously, this laid a foundation and provided conditions for the promotion of the mating line of imperial concubine chicken.
(2) The fast-feathering and slow-feathering flocks of Princess Chickens have been studied for three generations, including determination of laying performance, observation of germplasm characteristics, analysis of slaughter performance and muscle quality, and molecular genetic markers.
(3) In order to breed and establish male-female mating lines with self-discrimination between fast and slow feathers, homozygous fast and slow feather groups were established, that is, 3000 sets and 8000 sets of core breeding groups were established respectively.
(4) The research group led by Du, Ye Changhui, Jia Rumin and other comrades has carried out 36 special studies around the commercial supporting system of Princess Chicken, such as:
Breeding of Self-sexual Male and Female Strains of Guifei Chicken —— The First, Second and Third Generation Test of Slow Feather Cock: Effects of Feather Speed Gene on Growth and Meat Performance of Guifei Chicken: Effects of Storage Time, Egg Weight and Embryo Egg Weight Loss on Hatching Effect of Guifei Chicken; Comparative study on muscle quality of Guifei chicken and Sanhuang chicken: Comparative study on analysis and fitting of growth curve of Guifei chicken: Comparative analysis on body size and slaughter performance of fast and slow feather strains of Guifei chicken: Fractal characteristics of growth and development of Guifei chicken; Phenotypic correlation analysis between slaughter performance and traits of 80, 90, 100,10, 120-day-old imperial concubine chickens; Comparative analysis of meat production performance and meat quality characteristics of commercial imperial concubine chickens: the influence of quantitative characteristics of imperial concubine eggs on hatching performance; the influence of Chinese herbal medicine extracts on growth performance and slaughter performance of imperial concubine chickens; RAPD analysis and population genetic relationship of fast and slow feather of Guifei chicken: Random primer amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) molecular marker technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity of genomic DNA between the two strains of Guifei chicken, and cluster analysis of fast and slow feather and its male and female was carried out. Comparative study on muscle fiber density of Guifei chicken and other local chicken breeds: Comparative study on physical and chemical components of Guifei egg and other varieties of eggs: Study on nutritional requirements of princess chicken: Observation and study on behavior of princess chicken; Study on the feeding mode of princess chicken: wait a minute.
At the same time, Zhanjiang Food Quality Inspection and Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Zhanjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center were invited to analyze the nutritional components and monitor the pollution-free indicators of the whole chicken and fragrant eggs of Guifei chicken, which was the first comprehensive analysis and testing of Guifei chicken in China.
2. Production of famous dishes of Guifei Chicken Commercial Supporting Department
After several months' cooking research on 80-year-old, 90-year-old, 100-year-old,10-year-old and 120-year-old imperial concubine chickens, the color, fragrance, taste and shape of the finished products are basically satisfactory, and several famous brands have been created. Up to now, Guifei Chicken has been stationed in Lufeng Hotel, Miramar Hotel, Nanjiang Hotel, Jin Baihe Hotel, Jinmantian Restaurant, Harbour City Hotel, Haitong Hotel and other hotels in Zhanjiang City, and served with "Guifei Bath, Guifei Drunk, Guifei Turtle Soup, Guifei Dabu Soup, Haima Guifei Soup, Nourishing Guifei Soup, Casserole Burrito Guifei, Steamed Guifei with Lotus Leaves, Stewed Guifei Juice" and so on.
3. Promotion of commercial supporting strains of Princess Chicken
From 2005 to May 2007, the commercial matching line of rare bird princess chicken cultivated by China Princess Chicken Breeding Research Center (located in the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University) has been extended to Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan and other 16 provinces and cities.
Advantages and development prospects of commercial matching lines of three-blood fat chicken
With the adjustment of the internal structure of agriculture, especially animal husbandry, and the state attaches great importance to solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, it is undoubtedly a good opportunity for us to implement the research, development, popularization and application of the commercial supporting system for rare birds and princess chickens.
1 nutritious and delicious.
As a special bird upstart, it is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids and 10 kinds of trace elements, especially the selenium content of anti-cancer king, sun protection and beauty, and the zinc content of anti-fatigue and kidney tonifying is many times higher than that of ordinary domestic chickens. Its meat: thin skin, less fat, fine bones, firm meat, tender and smooth, not greasy mouth, its soup is delicious, fragrant, moist, sweet, fresh and long-lasting; Regular consumption has the unique effects of beauty, anti-aging and anti-cancer, and it is the most ideal tonic for pregnant women who are old, weak, sick and disabled. Therefore, it has the reputation of "raising soft-shelled turtles, treating white doves, and being as beautiful as pearls", and is known as "the crown of hundreds of birds".
Small size, less fat.
The listed weights of male and female are 1, 000- 1, 250g and 700-900g respectively, which is in line with the life characteristics and consumption concept that every small family can eat a whole chicken at one meal in today's society. Moreover, the skin is very thin, and the subcutaneous fat is less, which is lower than that of ordinary domestic chickens or native chickens 15-20%. It is a kind of lean meat with low fat and high protein, which is undoubtedly an ideal choice for people who want to enjoy rare delicacies and are determined to lose weight and keep fit.
3 Fast turnover and high efficiency.
Princess chicken can be marketed at the age of 90(90- 120) days. The feed weight ratio is 3-3.5: 1, and the cost per chicken is 16- 18 yuan. The price of each chicken is around 35 yuan, and the net profit is 10-20 yuan.
4 commodity generation can be separated from each other.
One-day-old chicks of commercial mating line of Guifei chicken can be self-sexual according to feather speed, which is a remarkable feature of this mating line. Not only the accuracy of sex identification is as high as 98%, but also the survival rate can be improved by 4-5 percentage points, and the feeding cost can be saved by about 10%.
5. Strong resistance and wide adaptability
It is precisely because the princess chicken is still wild and active, whether in a cage or on the ground, it shows the characteristics of "sportsman", so it has strong disease resistance and wider adaptability. Except routine immunization, chickens of all ages have almost no antibiotics, and the survival rate is over 96%.
6 lay more eggs and consume less materials.
Breeding chickens 150 days old began to lay eggs, laying eggs 160- 180 a year, weighing 38-43 grams, with milky white eggshells and red inside, and the daily intake during laying period was within 60-75 grams, which is a rare food-saving rare bird.
Unique function and anti-counterfeiting.
Princess chicken itself has a unique appearance of "three crowns and five claws", which constitutes an anti-counterfeiting mark that no poultry can counterfeit. In today's society where the market competition is fierce and counterfeiting is hard to prevent, it shows its unique advantages and has practical significance and important value for sustainable development.
The market is good and the potential is great.
According to experts' prediction, the annual demand in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Beijing, Shanghai and other places alone exceeds 60 million vehicles, but at present, the number of listed vehicles is less than 500,000, which is far from being in short supply. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to the enjoyment of delicious, health-preserving, disease-preventing and therapeutic health food. With the appearance of princess chickens on the table of high-end hotels and the shift of princess chickens from palace dishes to ordinary families in China, a medium-sized city can consume an average of 2,000-3,000 princess chickens every day, and it needs 7-/kloc-0.0 million chickens every year. If it is sold and exported elsewhere. Therefore, it is expected that the commercial supporting system of rare birds and princess chickens will rapidly develop into one of the hottest rare bird industries.