(7) Divergent foods are easy to induce diseases, especially skin diseases or diseases, which are called divergent foods, such as pig heads of domestic animals, mushrooms and vegetables with chicken heads, coriander, Toona sinensis, shrimps and crabs of aquatic products, etc. Second, the basic principles of diet care (1) The diet is well controlled and timed on time. Diet should be moderate, not too hungry and too full, which can make the source of qi and blood insufficient, and too full is easy to hurt the spleen and stomach. Eat regularly and develop good eating habits. Three meals should be regularly and quantitatively, and the principle of "eat well early, eat well in the middle and eat less at night" should be followed. Don't overeat, lest you hurt your spleen and stomach. (2) Harmony of four qi and five flavors. Diet should be diversified, reasonably matched and not partial to food. Su Wen-On the Method of Storing Qi says: "Five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, five dishes are the filling, smells are the supplement, and thin gas is the supplement." In other words, the human body's nutrition should come from grains, meat, vegetables, fruits and other foods, and the required nutrients should be diversified. Only when the diet is diversified and reasonably matched can we obtain all kinds of nutrients necessary for the human body and maintain the balance of qi, blood and yin and yang. If you are partial to food or neglect your diet, the proportion of nutrients in your body will be unbalanced, which will affect your health and cause diseases. (3) The diet should be light, and it is an important principle of diet and one of the secrets of longevity and health to avoid eating thick food and meat. Diet should be mainly vegetarian, such as grains, vegetables, fruits and so on. Supplemented with appropriate meat, eggs and fish, do not overeat greasy and thick, because overeating all kinds of food will cause imbalance between yin and yang in the body. So pay attention not to be too heavy in diet, especially to avoid being too salty and sweet. (4) Hygiene and cleanliness. Good habit. Unclean diet can lead to gastrointestinal tract or aggravate the original condition. Food should be fresh and clean, and rotten, spoiled and polluted food, sick birds and livestock should be fasted. Food should be moderate in hardness, and it is advisable to chew slowly when eating hot and cold. Don't eat too fast or swallow without chewing. Don't do anything else while eating. Don't lie down immediately after eating. Do some light activities, such as walking, to help the spleen and stomach transport. Don't eat before going to bed at night. (5) Eating according to syndrome differentiation should be based on different causes. Dietary nursing should pay attention to the differences of patients' physique, age, syndromes, seasons, climate and regions, and combine man and nature organically to make a comprehensive analysis, so as to ensure that food is given according to syndrome, time, place and person. Three. There are many kinds of food. Except some dried fruits and vegetables can be eaten directly, most foods need to be processed and cooked before they can be eaten, thus forming a wide variety of food preparation methods and colorful diet types. In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, "Tang Tang" is mainly used in diet care with other types. (1) Soup soup is made by boiling or stewing water and food together. Appropriate condiments can be added according to the taste and performance of food. When eating, you can drink soup while eating vegetables. Soup soup can be divided into soup and soup, thick soup and thin soup. The food used is mainly nourishing meat, eggs, fish, seafood, vegetables and fruits. , mainly tonic. (2) porridge is a semi-liquid food cooked with rice, wheat, beans and other foods alone or at the same time. Porridge is one of the commonly used diets, especially suitable for people with weak spleen and stomach. (3) The staple food is all kinds of rice, cakes, snacks and other foods made from starchy foods such as rice and flour. (4) The nourishing food is boiled with water, and the juice is concentrated overnight to a certain consistency, and then honey, white sugar or rock sugar are added to make it semi-solid, which is generally used for nourishing. (5) Powder: dried fruits, cereals and other foods are dried or dried and ground into fine powder. When in use, mix them with boiled water or take them with boiled water. (6) Cuisine refers to all kinds of vegetarian dishes with therapeutic effects. There are many kinds and different production methods, such as boiling, frying, frying, stewing, burning, exploding, stewing, stewing, pickling, cold salad and so on. , according to its different tastes and manufacturing methods, has different functions. (7) Beverage refers to wine, milk, tea, fruit juice, etc. According to the properties, tastes and preparation methods of various beverages, they have different functions. Fourth, the common methods of diet care (1), sweating is a method of relieving exterior symptoms by sweating, which is mainly suitable for a series of symptoms that can be manifested when exogenous pathogens attack the muscle surface for the first time, such as aversion to cold, fever, head and body pain, etc. Common food: onion, ginger, etc. (2) The purgative method, namely purgative method, is a method of using food with laxative function to relieve constipation or eliminate intestinal stagnation. It is mainly suitable for postpartum and elderly people with weak body, deficiency of qi and blood, dry intestine and constipation. Common food: honey, mulberry, banana, plant nuts, vegetable paste, etc. (3) Warming method, that is, warming the interior, is a method of nourishing yang and dispelling cold in the interior with warm food. It is mostly used for people with cold syndrome or yang deficiency. Symptoms such as weakness of limbs, tepid limbs, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Common foods: pepper, wine, pepper, ginger, mutton, dog meat, etc. (4) Clearing away heat, that is, clearing away heat, purging fire, cooling food and detoxifying, is mostly used for patients with excess heat syndrome or excessive body yang, such as fever, thirst, tongue pain, short and red urine, etc. Commonly used foods are watermelon, pear, lotus root, cucumber, bitter gourd and mung bean tea. (5) Xiaoshi method, also known as Xiaoshi method, is a method to stimulate appetite and promote digestion with food with the function of digestion and stomach strengthening, which is suitable for the syndrome of spleen-stomach imbalance and dyspepsia. Eating sour, bloating, anorexia, nausea and other symptoms, commonly used foods are hawthorn, radish, garlic, vinegar and so on. (6), complement method. Instant food tonic method is a method of nourishing qi and blood, nourishing yin and yang, and strengthening the body with nourishing food, which is suitable for qi deficiency, blood deficiency, yin deficiency and yang deficiency. According to the different conditions, it can be divided into three categories: warming tonics suitable for yang deficiency and qi deficiency, clearing tonics suitable for yin deficiency, various deficiency syndromes and flat tonics commonly used by normal people. Commonly used foods are mutton, longan meat, soft-shelled turtle, chicken, duck meat, sea cucumber, fungus and so on. Five, diet should avoid the disease of cold and heat, yin and yang are different, and food is biased. Illness is appropriate, illness is harmful, and it is appropriate to make up, which is harmful to illness. In addition, the medicine taken after illness is different. Sexual taste. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize diet taboos in nursing diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to taboos in diet care, and considers taboos to be an important link in health preservation and disease prevention. Especially in the process of disease treatment, we should know both its suitability and its taboo. According to the patient's condition, physique, medication, season, climate, eating habits and other factors to choose a reasonable diet. Only by grasping the two aspects of diet suitability and taboo can we coordinate diet and treatment and achieve good treatment and rehabilitation purposes. (a), the basic principle of diet should avoid 1, dialectical diet, that is, the taste of food should adapt to the needs of the disease. Food can be divided into cold, hot, warm and diarrhea, and illness can also be divided into deficiency and excess, cold and heat. Obviously, deficiency syndrome should benefit, excess syndrome should be sparse and cold syndrome should be warm. Heat syndrome should be cold and cool. 2. Drugs taken by patients with drug differentiation have their own taste and efficacy. In order to give full play to the efficacy, the taste of the patient's diet should generally be consistent with the taste of the medicine taken, and it should not be contrary to the performance of the medicine taken, so as not to reduce the efficacy. For example, if the food is the same as the medicine they take, it can even enhance the curative effect of the medicine and accelerate the recovery of the disease. 3. Because people who eat food have different advantages and disadvantages and different ages, their diets should be different. For example, fat people are full of phlegm, so they should eat light and phlegm-resolving things and avoid fatty and greasy products to avoid helping phlegm; Thin people have more yin deficiency, so they should eat more products that nourish yin and promote fluid production, nourish blood and replenish blood, and avoid spicy and hot products to avoid hurting yin; The elderly have weak spleen and stomach, and their diet should be light, so as not to eat greasy and sticky things, so as not to hurt the spleen and stomach; Women should avoid spicy and warm food during pregnancy and lactation, so as not to help the yang ignite and affect the fetus or suckling child. Children should pay special attention to diet conditioning. 4. Seasonal changes in food intake have different effects on human physiological functions. Therefore, dietary taboos are also different. In spring, the climate changes from cold to warm, and the yang increases, so the food should be warm and dull, while in summer, the yang is strong and the weather is hot, so the food should be sweet and cold. However, cold and unclean food should be avoided. In autumn, the sun closes for a long time, and the dry and pungent food should be moistened and restrained. Avoid spicy and warm food. In winter, the yang is deep and strong. It is best to warm up and avoid catching cold. 5. Special Taboos Some diseases and drugs need special dietary taboos, which will be specially introduced in the nursing and medication of diseases and syndromes in various disciplines. (To be continued)