① Mencius sees Liang ②. The king said, "Moo! Will it be good for our country to come all the way? "

Mencius' audience with Liang. King Hui said, "Laojun, you have come a long way. Will it be good for my country? "

Mencius said to him, "Wang! Why is it profitable? And benevolence and righteousness. The king said,' Why is it good for our country?' The doctor said,' Why is it good for my family?' Shu Ren said,' Why is it good for me?' It is dangerous for the state to pay taxes from top to bottom. The country of a thousand riders (5), the one who kills his monarch is the home of a thousand riders; A country that rides a thousand times will kill its king, and a home that rides a hundred times. It's not too much to walk a thousand roads and a hundred roads. Righteousness before righteousness, benefit first, and lose if you don't take it. Those who leave their relatives without benevolence and righteousness, and those who leave their husbands without benevolence and righteousness. Wang also said that it was only benevolence and righteousness, so why should he say profit? "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, why do you have to talk about Li Na? Only benevolence and righteousness are enough. The king said, "What's good for my country?" The doctor said,' What's good for my fief?' Scholars and civilians say,' how can I benefit myself?' The upper and lower classes compete for each other's interests, and that country is at stake. In a country with 10,000 personnel carriers, it must be that doctors with 1,000 personnel carriers in China killed the monarch. In a country with thousands of personnel carriers, doctors with hundreds of personnel carriers in China must have killed the monarch. In a country with thousands of personnel carriers, these doctors have thousands of personnel carriers; In a country with thousands of personnel carriers, these doctors have a hundred personnel carriers, which is not too much. They will never be satisfied if they value righteousness over profit and don't take (the status and interests of the monarch). If you are unkind, you will abandon your parents, and if you are unkind, you will ignore you. Your majesty only needs to talk about righteousness, why talk about profit? "

Note ① About Liang: Liang is the title of the first chapter of Mencius. Mencius, like The Analects of Confucius, has no title. Later generations generally use the first two or three words of the first chapter as the title. Mencius consists of seven chapters. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Zhao Qi annotated Mencius, he divided each chapter into two chapters, and later generations took this as the basis. ② Liang: Wei■, Warring States Period, in 369-3 19. The original capital of Wei was Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province). Due to the pressure of Qin State, the capital was moved to Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) 36 1 year ago, so Wei was also called Liang, also known as Liang. Hui is posthumous title after his death. Benevolence: "Benevolence" is a moral concept with a wide meaning in Confucianism, and it is a summary of all kinds of good virtues. The core meaning is that people love each other. "Righteousness", Confucianism means that thoughts and actions conform to certain norms. (4) Doctor: the rank name of officials in the pre-Qin era. There are three levels below the monarch: Qing, doctor and scholar. Home: the doctor's fief. The fief is the fief given to ministers and doctors by princes as a world heritage (including laborers on the land), also called (c m 4) land. ⑤ Multiply: sound shèng, quantifier, one car and four horses as one multiplication. At that time, the main form of war was chariot war. A chariot was pulled by four horses, with three armed soldiers and several infantry on board. In ancient times, the number of chariots was often used to measure the size of vassal States or feudal lords. 6. Hua: Satisfied.

(2) Mencius knew Liang. Wang Li is on the marsh, and Gu Hongyan is an elk. He said, "Are saints happy about this?"

Mencius' audience with Liang. King Hui stood by the pond, looked at Hongyan Elk and asked, "Are the sages happy about this?"

Mencius said to him, "A saint is happy when he has it, and a saint is happy when he has it." The poem says:' The Lingtai started, then the camp, and Shu Ren attacked it, which failed for several days. Don't be anxious from the beginning, the common people will come. Wang Zailing (2), Rufen Fuyou, Rufen Zhuozhuo, Bai Niao Crane. The king jumped in the swamp and pond. "King Wen takes people's power as a marsh platform, and folk music means that its platform is called Lingtai, and its marsh is called Lingfen, and it enjoys elk fish and turtles. The ancients enjoyed themselves with the people, so they could enjoy themselves. " Tang Shi said ③:' Time will kill ④ and women will die together ⑤. People want to die with them, although there are birds and beasts in the pool, why enjoy themselves? "

Mencius replied: "Only the wise can feel this kind of happiness, and the wicked will not be happy even if they have rare birds and animals." The Book of Songs said:' King Wen planned to build a funeral platform, and the location of the base site was carefully arranged. People enthusiastically came to build it, and soon the memorial platform was built. King Wen advised not to worry, and the people worked more actively. King Wen cruised to Lingkou, where the doe was carefree, plump and bright, and her feathers were shining. King Wen swam to Lingfen and the fish jumped in the pool. "King Wen relied on the strength of the people to build a high platform and a deep pool, but the people enjoyed it. They call his platform Lingtai and his pond Lingfen. Happily, he can enjoy elk, fish and turtles. Since ancient times, sages enjoyed the people, so they can enjoy (real) blessings. " Tang Shi said,' When will this Sun Die be? We'll die with you! People will die with him. Can he enjoy happiness alone, even if he owns the birds and animals in the pool? "

Note ① Poetry: The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems by China. This book is only called poetry, and Confucianism lists it as a classic, so it is called The Book of Songs. Generally, there are 305 works from the early Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into four categories: wind, elegance, elegance and ode. This chapter is cited as Daya Lingtai. ② King: refers to the conquest and destruction of Yin by Ji Chang, the vassals of Yin and Zi. ③ Tang Shi: An article in Shangshu. Shangshu is a compilation of China's ancient historical documents and some works describing ancient deeds, and it is one of the Confucian classics. This article, Tang Shi, records Shang Tang's vow to crusade against the tyrant Wang Xia Jie. According to legend, Xia Jie once compared himself to the sun, saying that only when the sun died would he perish. This chapter quotes people cursing Xia Jie. 4 o'clock: this. Harm: the same as "death" means when. ⑤ Female: Same as "Ru", you.

(3) Liang Huiwang said: "I am loyal to my country. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi. Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "

Liang said: "I really dedicated myself to my country. When there was a famine in Hanoi, some people there were moved to Hedong and food was transported to Hanoi for relief. There is a famine in Hedong, and so do I. Looking at the government affairs of neighboring countries, no monarch can worry about the people like me. However, the population of neighboring countries has not decreased, nor has the population of Wei increased. What is the reason? "

Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Fill the drum, spear ③, and leave the armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty likes fighting. Please let me compare it with war. Beating drums, the blades collide, (some soldiers) abandon their helmets and armor and drag their weapons to escape. Some escaped a hundred paces and stopped, while others escaped fifty paces and stopped. What if you laugh at those who have escaped a hundred steps just because you have only escaped fifty steps? "

He said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."

Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that the people behind can't escape a hundred steps. Is this also an escape? "

He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.

Mencius said, "If your majesty knows this, he can't expect the people of Wei to outnumber his neighbors. Don't delay the people's farming season and can't finish eating food; If you don't put fine fishing nets into the pond for fishing, fish and turtles will never finish; If the forest is cut down in a certain season, the wood will not be used up. Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and wood can't be used up, so people can raise children and do funerals without regrets. People have no regrets when they live, raise, die and mourn. This is the beginning of kingliness.

Five acres of houses, trees are mulberry, and fifty people can wear clothes and silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't seize the opportunity, a family of several can be hungry. I would like to teach you the order of filial piety, and those who win prizes should not be placed on the Tao. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.

Five acres of land, all kinds of mulberry trees, fifty-year-old people can put on silk cotton-padded jackets. Domestic animals such as chickens, pigs and dogs do not miss the breeding season, and 70-year-olds can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't take away the farming season, a few people in a family can go hungry. Do a good job in school education, constantly instill filial piety and love for brothers in young people, so that white-haired old people don't have to carry things on their shoulders. Seventy-year-old people put on silk cotton-padded jackets to eat meat, and the people are not cold or hungry. If they can't unify the world like this, it will never happen.

Dogs eat people and don't know what to do, but they don't know what to do when they are hungry. When a person dies, saying' it's not me, it's age' is different from stabbing someone and killing someone and saying' it's not me, it's a soldier'. The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "

Pigs and dogs (now from wealthy families) are eating people's food, but they don't know how to stop it; There are starving bodies on the road, but I don't know how to open a warehouse for relief; When people starve to death, saying' it's not my responsibility, it's a bad harvest' is different from stabbing people and saying' I didn't kill them, I killed them with weapons'. Your Majesty, please don't blame the bad years, as long as the benevolent government is implemented, so that the people of the world will come to you. "

Note 1 Hanoi: It refers to Qinyang, Jiyuan and Bo 'ai areas in Henan Province, north of the Yellow River, which was the territory of Wei at that time. (2) Hedong: refers to the southwest of Shanxi Province east of the Yellow River, which was the territory of Wei State at that time. Soldier: Weapons. 4 Shuo g incarnation: dense net. W not pool: big pool. ⑤ Zhou Xu: A school established in ancient times. ⑥ (Pi O): People who starve to death.

(4) Liang said, "I would like to teach with peace."

Liang said to him, "I'm happy to listen to your advice."

Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?"

Mencius replied, "Is there a difference between killing with a stick and killing with a knife?"

Yue: "There is no difference."

King Hui said, "There is no difference."

"Is it unusual to use the blade and politics?"

(Mencius asked again:) "Is there a difference between killing with a knife and killing with tyranny?"

Yue: "There is no difference."

King Hui said, "There is no difference."

He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other. Animals eat each other, the people hate it, and the administration for the people's parents will inevitably lead the animals to eat people. The evil lies in being for the people's parents? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator ① has no consequences!" It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "

Mencius said, "There are tender meat in the kitchen and strong horses in the stable. (But) people look hungry, and there are starving bodies in the wild, which is like attracting wild animals to eat people! Wild animals will kill each other, but people will hate it when they see it. However, as people's parents, when they are engaged in political affairs, they have to lead wild animals to eat people. How can this be regarded as the parents of the people? Confucius said, "Those who made wooden figurines first should be childless!" This is because wooden figurines, like idols, are used for human sacrifice. Even if it is impossible, how can that man starve to death? "

Note ① Figurines: Puppets or pottery figurines used for martyrdom in ancient times. In slave society, the living were first used as human sacrifices. Due to the development of social productive forces, the labor force was gradually valued, and later the figurines were used for human sacrifice. Confucius did not understand this situation and mistakenly thought that there were martyrs first, and then there were martyrs, so he hated it.

(5) King Hui of Liang said, "The State of Jin, Mo Qiang, is well known in the world. And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; West, lost seven hundred miles in Qin; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it. I'd rather spill it than die. What can I do? "

Liang said, "I am Wei, and there was no one better than this in the past, even the old man. (But) when it came to me, Dongdu lost to Qi, and my eldest son died. West, lost to Qin seven hundred miles; The south was bullied by Chu and defeated. I am deeply ashamed of this. What should I do to avenge the victim? "

Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king. Wang is kind to the people, saves punishment and taxes, cultivates his filial piety and loyalty in his spare time, serves his father and brother, and can also serve him well in his career, which can make him a strong soldier of Qin and Chu.

Mencius replied: "Fiona Fang, a small country of a hundred miles, can also win the world." If the king is kind to the people, uses less punishment, reduces taxes, (advocates) intensive cultivation and weeding, so that young people can learn the principles of filial piety, respect for their brothers and faithfulness after farming, serve their fathers and brothers at home, and respect their elders outside, (in this way) they can pick up sticks and use hard armor and sharp swords to defeat the armies of Qin Chu and China.

When he took away his people, he couldn't farm to support his parents. Parents are frozen and hungry, and brothers and wives are separated. He drowned his people, but Solo collected them. Who are the enemies of the king? Therefore, as the saying goes,' the benevolent is invincible'. Wang, please don't doubt it! "

They (Qin and Chu) seize the farming time of the people all the year round, making it impossible for the people to farm to support their parents. Parents are hungry and cold, and brothers, wives and children flee separately. They put their people in pain. If the king goes against them, who can fight him? So (as the old saying goes):' Benevolent people are invincible in the world.' Your majesty, please don't doubt this truth. "

Note (1) The East was defeated by Qi, and the eldest son died: it refers to the Battle of Maling 343 years ago. Qi Weiwang sent Tian Ji and Sun Bin to rescue Han Wei and defeat Wei Jun in Maling. Wei killed Pang Juan, and Prince Shen was captured. 2 proportion: all, all. Sprinkle: the same as "washing".

(6) When Mencius saw King Liang Xiang, he said, "I am not like a gentleman, so I have nothing to fear." Suddenly he asked, "Is this world evil?" I said to him,' I booked one. Who can be one of them? Right:' You can kill anyone who doesn't like to kill.' Who can match it? Yes:' There is nothing in the world but peace. Is it Miao? If there is drought in July and August, the seedlings will die. When the sky looks like a cloud and it rains repeatedly, the seedlings will thrive. If so, who can resist? Now everyone in the world is grazing, and there is no one who is not addicted to killing. If there are people who are not bloodthirsty, all the people in the world will look forward to it. If so, the people will return to it and the water will come down. Who can resist? " "

Mencius met with King Liang Xiang, and after abdicating, he said to people, "I don't look like a monarch from a distance, and I can't see your majesty when I walk in front of him. He suddenly asked,' How can the world be stable?' I replied:' If the world is unified, it will be stable.' (He asked:' Who can unify the world?' I replied,' A monarch who doesn't like killing people can unify the world. (He asked again:' Who will submit to him? I replied:' There is no disobedient person in the world. Does your majesty know about the growth of seedlings? During the drought in July and August, all the seedlings withered. If (at this time) the sky suddenly surges with dark clouds and it rains heavily, then the seedlings can thrive again. If so, who can stop it from growing? No monarch in the world today is hard to kill. If there is a bad killer, people in the world will certainly cran their necks to look forward to him. If this is done, the people will surrender to him, just like the water flowing downwards, which is so vast that who can stop it? " "

Note: 1 Liang: Prince Hui, famous heir, 3 18-296 reigned. (2) by the same "Jude", as.

(7) Qi Xuanwang asked, "Have you ever heard of Qi Huan and Jin Wen?"

Qi Xuanwang asked, "Can you tell me something about Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong?"

Mencius said to him, "Zhong Ni's followers have nothing to do with literature, but they have nothing to spread in the future, and I have never heard of it. If there is no way, what is the king? "

Mencius replied, "Confucius' disciples didn't talk about Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, so they didn't pass down from generation to generation, so I haven't heard of them. If you insist on what I said, can you tell me the truth of unifying the world with benevolence? "

He said, "Why is virtue king?"

King Xuan asked, "How does Benevolence unify the world?"

He said: "Protecting the people is king, and you can't defend yourself."

Mencius replied, "No one can stop him from comforting the people and ruling the world."

He said, "If I am a person, how can I protect the people?"

King Xuan asked, "Can a monarch like me care about the people?"

Say, "Yes."

Mencius said, "Yes."

Yue: "How do you know I can do it?"

King Xuan asked, "Where did you know I could?"

He said: "I heard from Hu Weiqi that the king of Qi was sitting in the hall. When he saw him passing under the hall with a cow, he said,' What is a cow?' Yes, it says, "I want to use this bell." The king said,' Give it up! I can't bear to hug him. If he is innocent, he will die. "Yes:' But why use a clock?' Yue:' What can be abolished? Trade sheep for them! Know nothing? "

Mencius said: "I heard such a thing from Hu Bi: (once) Your Majesty was sitting in the main hall, and a man was passing by with a cow. Your majesty saw it and asked,' where are you taking the cow?' (The man) replied,' Use it to sacrifice the clock.' The king said,' Let it be! I can't bear to watch it tremble in fear and be dragged to death without guilt. "(The man) asked,' So no bells?' The king said,' How can you not? Replace it with a sheep! I wonder if this is the case. "

Say, "Yes."

King Xuan said, "There is such a thing."

He said: "The heart is king. The people all love the king, and I know the king can't stand it. "

Mencius said: "such a heart is enough to unify the whole country!" People think that the king is stingy. I knew the king couldn't stand it. "

Wang said, "Of course; There are sincere people. Although Qi is young, why do I love a cow? Just can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die, so I want to change sheep. "

Xuanwang said, "Well, there are indeed people who talk like this. Although Qi is small, how can he spare a cow? It was because I couldn't bear to watch it tremble in fear and was dragged away to kill it, so I changed it into a sheep. "

He said: "The king and the people love him no different. Small is easy to be big, and evil is known? If Wang hides his innocence and dies, what about cattle and sheep? "

Mencius said, "Your Majesty, don't blame the people for thinking that you are stingy. How can they understand what you did when you replaced Daniel with Lamb? Your Majesty, if poor animals are killed innocently, what's the difference between cattle and sheep?

Wang smiled and said, "Why are you sincere? I don't love its wealth, but I can easily exchange it with sheep. It is appropriate for the people to say that I love it. "

Wang Xuan smiled and said, "What kind of psychology is this? I'm not stingy with money. I trade sheep for cattle. No wonder the people want to say that I am stingy. "

He said, "This is harmless, but it is a kind of technology. I can't see the sheep when I see the cow. A gentleman is to an animal, seeing its life, and can't bear to see its death; I can't bear to eat its meat when I hear its voice. Far cooking is also a gentleman. "

Mencius said: "It doesn't matter, this is the expression of benevolence, because you only see cows, but not sheep." A gentleman can't bear to watch animals die alive; I can't bear to eat their meat when I hear them whine and moan. Because of this, a gentleman should put the kitchen away from himself. "

Wang said: ⑤: The Book of Songs says:' If others have a heart, they can worry about it.' 6. The master is also called. I did what I had to do, but I asked for it, not really. What the master said is of great concern to me. Why is this heart suitable for the king? "

King Xuan said happily, "The poem says,' I can guess other people's thoughts.' Just like the old man said. I did it, and in turn I reasoned why I did it, and I couldn't figure it out in my heart. Teacher Wang's words have enlightened my mind a little. Why does this psychology conform to the king? "

Yue: "There was a gentleman who said,' I am strong enough to lift a hundred kings, but not enough to lift a feather; Smart enough to see the end of autumn, but not the salary. "What about Wang Xu?"

Mencius said: "if someone says to the king,' I am strong and strong, I can lift three thousand pounds, but I can't lift a feather;" My eyesight is good enough to see the tips of wild animals in autumn, but I can't see a car full of firewood. "Will the king believe it? "

Say, "No."

Xuanwang said, "No."

"This kind of elegance is enough to become a beast, but not a person. What is this? However, if you don't lift a feather, you won't exert yourself; If you can't see your salary, you don't need to be clear; People can't see insurance, so they don't have to be kind. Therefore, if the king is not king, he will not be king. "

(Mencius said:) "Today (the king) is full of kindness to livestock, and merits are not in the people. What is the reason? " Obviously, a feather can't be lifted because it refuses to use strength; A car full of firewood is invisible because it refuses to use its sight; People are not caressed by you because they refuse to be kind. Therefore, if a king cannot unify the world with benevolence, he will not do it, not fail to do it. "

Say, "What's the difference between what you don't do and what you won't do?"

King Xuan asked, "What's the difference between not doing it and not doing it?"

He said: "I can cross the North Sea on Mount Tai, and people say,'No.' No, I can't. Breaking branches for the elderly, people say,' No! Do it if you don't do it. Therefore, the king is not the king, not relying on Mount Tai to surpass the North Sea and so on; The king is not a king, but a broken branch or something. "

Mencius said: "I jumped over the North Sea with Mount Tai in my arms and said to people,' I can't.' This is really impossible. Bow to the old man and say,' I can't do it. This is not impossible, not impossible. Therefore, the king did not rule the country with benevolence, and did not belong to the category of leaping over the North Sea with Mount Tai. Kings don't rule the world with benevolence, which belongs to the category of bending over and saluting the elderly. "

"I am old and people are old; Young people, young people, young people. The world is in your hands. " The poem says, "Punishment is for widows, not for brothers, but for families." ⑦ It's just a matter of words and feelings. Therefore, kindness is enough to protect the whole world, but not kindness can't protect your wife. Ancient people were so great because they were good at pushing what they did. Today's kindness is enough for animals, but not enough for people. What's the only thing? Yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length. Everything is natural, and the heart is what it is. Wang, please measure it! Suppress Wang Xing's soldiers and dangerous officials, blame the governors, and then get along with them? "

(Mencius added:) "Love your elders, and then love others' elders; Caress your own children, and then caress other people's children. The world can turn freely in the palm of your hand (it is easy to unify). The Book of Songs says:' Set an example for your wife first, and then influence your brothers well, so that you can run a family and make peace. In other words, this intention should be extended to all aspects. So your kindness is enough to appease the world. If you don't show kindness, even your wife and children will be unstable. The wise monarch in ancient times was far superior to ordinary people, for no other reason, but was good at spreading what he had done. Kindness is now applied to animals, but merit is not reflected in people. What is the reason? If you weigh it, you will know the weight; Measure it and you'll know the length. Everything is like this, especially the human heart. Your majesty, please think it over! Does the king want to incite the masses, put his men in danger, make enemies with other countries, and then be happy? "

The king said, "no, how can I be fast enough?" I will seek what I want. "

King Xuan said, "No, what am I happy about?" ? I want to use this to realize my greatest wish. "

He said, "What is the king's greatest wish?"

Mencius asked, "Can you tell me your king's greatest wish?"

Wang smiled and said nothing.

Wang Xuan just smiled.

Yue: "Because the fat is not enough for the mouth and mouth? Light is not warm enough for body and body? Suppressing color selection is not enough by eyes and? Not enough sound? Isn't it enough to place an order before? All the ministers of the king are competent, but is the king right? "

Mencius asked, "Is it because the fat and sweet food is not enough to enjoy?" ? Isn't soft and warm clothes enough for your health? Aren't bright colors enough for the eyes to see? Isn't the wonderful music enough for your ears? Aren't there enough waiters around? These are enough for your servant. Is that why your majesty is here? "

Said, "No, I didn't do it right."

King Xuan said, "No, that's not why I did it."

He said, "However, the king's great wish is clear. He wants to open up wasteland, go to Qin Chu, go to China and take care of Siyi. If you want what you want, you can also get fish from wood. "

Mencius said: "Then, the king's greatest wish can be known, that is, to expand his territory, so that Qin and Chu can worship, come to the Central Plains, and appease the surrounding ethnic groups. (However,) Pursuing wishes through practice is really climbing trees to catch fish. "

The king said, "What if it's good?"

Xuanwang asked, "Is it so serious?"

Holmium: "It's almost nothing. You can't fish, but there is no disaster. Whatever you want, do it wholeheartedly, and there will be disaster afterwards. "

Mencius said, "I'm afraid it's worse than this!" Catch fish on the tree, although you can't catch fish, but there will be no future trouble. If you do what you want to do, you will do it wholeheartedly, and there will be disaster in the end. "

He said, "Can you hear me?"

King Xuan asked, "Can you tell me?"

He said, "Who does your majesty think will win the battle between Zou and Chu?"

Mencius said, "Zou attacked Chu. Who does your king think will win? "

Said: "Chu people win."

King Xuan said, "Chu Guo Sheng."

He said: "However, a small entity cannot be the enemy of a large entity, a small entity cannot be the enemy of many entities, and a weak entity cannot be the enemy of a strong entity. A place in the sea, thousands of miles away, there is one in the collection. Why is it different from Zou's enemy Chu Tsai? It is also the opposite of the original. Today, the king is in power and benevolent, so that all the officials in the world want to stand in the king's dynasty, all the cultivators want to plow in the king's fields, all the businessmen want to hide in the king's city, and all the people who want to get sick want to go to the king. If so, how to resist? "

Mencius said: "well, a small party cannot be an enemy of a big party, a small party cannot be an enemy of many people, and the weak cannot be an enemy of the strong." There are nine pieces of land thousands of miles apart in the world, and the land of Qi State is patched together to make up for the deficiency and occupy one of them. What's the difference between conquering the other eight places by one place? (Your Majesty) Why not go back to the basics? If the king now issues decrees and implements benevolent policies, all officials in the world will want to work in the king's court, farmers will want to farm in the king's fields, businessmen will want to do business in the king's market, travelers will want to travel on the king's road, and people from all countries who hate their monarchs will want to tell you. If so, who can stop the king from unifying the world? "

The king said, "Sorry, I can't go in. May the master help me with my ambition and teach me to understand. Although I am not sensitive, please try. "

King Xuan said, "I'm in a trance. I can't walk so far. I hope Mr. Wang will help me realize my ambition and teach me the method clearly. Although I am slow, please let me try. "

He said: "Only a scholar can become a persevering person without ceasing to produce. If people, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. Without perseverance, you will do whatever you want. It is a waste of people to be caught committing a crime and then punished. How can a benevolent man not do something for the people when he is in power? Therefore, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and wife, he can be satisfied with life in happy years, and he can avoid death in fierce years. Then drive away the good ones, and the people will be lenient.

Mencius said: "There is no fixed industry, but there is a stable mind, which only a scholar can do." For ordinary people, without a fixed industry, there will be no stable thinking. If there is no stable and unchanging thought, we will run amok and do bad things. When they commit crimes, they are punished by criminal law, which is like trapping people in a trap. How can a benevolent man be governed like this when he becomes a monarch? Therefore, the people's right of inheritance stipulated by a wise monarch must enable him to support his parents, his wife and children, so that he can eat all the year round in good years and avoid starvation in bad years. In this way, after urging them to do good deeds, the people will be willing to listen.

"Today is also the property of the people. There are not enough adoptive parents and a wife. Happy years have been bitter for a lifetime, and fierce years are inevitable. This is just to save lives, but I'm afraid I won't be able to support it.

"Now, the provisions of the people's industry are not enough to feed their parents and their wives and children. In good years, they suffer all the year round, and in bad years, they will inevitably starve to death. This (makes the people) even afraid of being too late to maintain their lives. How can they have time to pay attention to etiquette and benevolence?

"Wang wanted to do this, but he did the opposite. Five acres of houses, trees are mulberry, and fifty people can wear clothes and silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat. One hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of eight can be hungry. I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Old people eat meat, and the people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings. "

"You want to be benevolent, why not return to nature? Mulberry trees are planted in the five-acre homestead (in front of and behind the house), and people aged 50 can put on silk cotton-padded jackets. Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs, pigs, etc., don't miss their reproductive opportunities. People aged 70 can eat meat. One hundred acres of land, not taking up the farming season, a family of eight can not go hungry. Do a good job in school education and explain the truth of filial piety to your brother repeatedly so that the elderly will not carry things on their shoulders. Old people put on silk cotton to eat meat, and ordinary people are not hungry or frozen. This cannot unify the world and will never happen. "

Note ① Qi Xuanwang: During the Warring States Period, the reign of Qi Xuanwang, King of Qi, was from 3 19 to 30 1 year. ② Qi Huan and Jinwen: Qi Huangong, the monarch of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 685 to 643, and was the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin Wengong, Ji Chonger, the monarch of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned for 636-628 years, and was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. (3) disturbing the bell: an ancient ceremony. After the new clock was cast, the sacrifice was killed and blood was smeared on the gap of the clock. (4) Infant: The appearance of trembling with fear. ⑤ Say: Same as "Yue". ⑥ The above two sentences are from The Book of Songs, Xiaoya's Clever Words. ⑦ The above three sentences are from The Book of Songs. Punishment: the same as "type", demonstration. Widowed wife: the first wife, wife. Jiabang: the fief of the doctor and the fief of the vassal. ⑧ (hé): Why not?

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