Wudalianchi World Geopark has a scenic spot of 1060 square kilometers, where there are 14 new and old volcanoes. The age of eruption varies greatly, from more than 2 million years in prehistoric times to more than 280 years in modern times, which is rare in the world. According to "Notes on the Outside of Heilongjiang", "In the southeast of Mulgen (now Nenjiang), one day a fire suddenly broke out in the field, stones soared, and the fire in the four fields went out for several days, and the land became a pond. This happened in the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (17 19). " "Notes on Gu Ning Baota" also recorded: "There was a water swing fifty miles away from the city (Dedu), about thirty miles away. During June and July of the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720), fireworks burst into the sky, and the sound was like thunder, and they were heard for fifty or sixty miles day and night. The people flying out are all black stone, sulfur and the like. A few years later, they became a mountain.
Wudalianchi is the place with the most complete preservation, the most concentrated distribution, the most complete species and the most typical volcanic geology and landform in the world. 14 volcanic cones rise from the ground, reflecting the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers; Shilong, Shihai, Lava Waterfall, Lava Back Road, Lava Stalactite, Lava Vortex, Elephant Trunk Lava, Fan Hua Lava, Jet Cone, Volcanic Gravel, Volcanic Bomb and other micro-landforms. It is praised by scientists as the world's three "natural volcano museums" and "open volcano textbooks". Wudalianchi was formed by injecting the latest volcanic magma into the huge ancient sunken lake Odelin, and the five lakes were connected together like beads, hence the name. It is the second largest volcanic dammed lake in China, with complex changes in the curve of the pool bank and excellent landscape effect. The Fe-Si-Mg heavy calcium carbonate mineral water here is a world-famous spring, enjoying the reputation of "divine spring" and "holy water", and it is also called "the three cold springs in the world" with Vichy mineral spring in France and North Caucasus mineral spring in Russia. It has a history of medical treatment, drinking therapy and washing therapy for thousands of years among the people, which has magical effects on rehabilitation and human health and longevity.
At present, Wudalianchi has won two world-class laurels of "World Geopark" and "World Man and Biosphere Reserve" and1/national honor. 1 1 National honors include: national nature reserve, hometown of mineral water in China, top ten scenic spots with the most potential in China, top 40 scenic spots in China, hometown of famous volcanoes in China, China Biosphere Reserve, national natural heritage, national key scenic spots, national forest park, national geological park and national AAAA scenic spot. Now, 12 large-scale refraction, 8 wonders and more than 400 scenic spots have been developed. The unique geological resources have created six rare natural environments for Wudalianchi: the purest natural oxygen bar in the world; There is the world's highest grade magnetized mineralized charged ionized water with medical care function; There is a mineral spring washing and mud treatment area integrating health care, beauty treatment and medical treatment; There is a natural volcanic lava platform-photothermal physiotherapy field; It has the most complete and largest volcanic geological all-magnetic environment, 1000 ~ 3000 gamma peak; There are pure green mineral spring series healthy foods without any pollution. As a result, a physical therapy base with the most complete conditions in the world has been formed.
World-famous volcanoes similar to Wudalianchi volcano include Hawaii volcano in the United States, Reunion volcano in the Indian Ocean, Central Highland volcano in France and Toro-Ankor volcano in Uganda in the Great Rift Valley. The magma of these world-famous volcanoes and Wudalianchi volcano is basic, and their volcanic activities are Hawaiian eruption, and the volcanic landforms formed after volcanic eruption are basically similar. However, although the scale of these volcanoes is larger than that of Wudalianchi volcano, the landform of Wudalianchi volcano is more complete, concentrated and typical. For example, there are no volcanic dammed lakes near these world-famous volcanoes, and mineral springs are not found except in the highland volcanic areas in central France, and spray cones and spray plates are even more rare. Only in the mountainous area of Reunion in the Indian Ocean, you can occasionally see short and incomplete jet cones and jets. In contrast, Wudalianchi volcanic landscape with beautiful mountains and rivers and compatibility of fire and water is more distinctive, while the well-developed, well-preserved, multi-faceted and multi-faceted spray cone in Fan Hua lava is unparalleled in the world, which can be described as a wonder of the world.
The area of the dammed lake in Wudalianchi Scenic Area is 18.7 square kilometers, the maximum depth is 27 ~ 3 1 m (the second and third pools), and the pool volume is 654.38+57 million cubic meters. It was formed by the basalt weir, a tributary of Seinemore River, erupting twice in 17 19 and 1720 ~ 172 1 year. The river was blocked, forming five pearl lakes. From south to north, there are the first pool, the second pool, the third pool, the fourth pool and the fifth pool. Five pools connected, 5250 meters long; The fourth pond and the fifth pond are sediment; One part of the three pools is sediment bottom and the other part is lava bottom; The second pool is mostly lava bottom and a small part is mud bottom; The bottom of the pool is full of lava. Rivers in this area are underdeveloped, there are no big rivers and the water flow is small. The main rivers are Shilong River (Baihe River), Yaoquan River and Yaoquan River. The lake area has beautiful scenery, the nearby crater is well preserved, and the traces of lava surface flow are still clearly visible.
The water temperature of Wudalianchi Lake rose above 10℃ in mid-May, and fell below 10℃ in late September, with the highest water temperature (20 ~ 26℃) in July. There are 39 species of fishes in *** 10 family in Wudalianchi, and the common fishes are crucian carp, carp, soft-shelled turtle, silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp. In 1990s, 77 species of phytoplankton 177 were identified in Wudalianchi, belonging to 74 genera.
1982 wudalianchi was approved by the State Council as the first batch of national scenic spots in the name of wudalianchi scenic spot in Heilongjiang province. At present, China has established 12 national parks of volcanic landforms, but only Wudalianchi Scenic Area has been selected as a world geological park.
Zhanhe National Forest Park in Wudalianchi is the largest forest wetland in China, and the drifting of Dazhan River enjoys the reputation of "the first drifting in China". The bicarbonate, metasilicic acid and weakly alkaline mineral water in Wudalianchi have their own advantages, which are suitable for drinking, sports and bathing. The per capita possession of fresh water resources exceeds 4,000 cubic meters, which is four times the standard of livable cities in China. Metasilicate mineral water was introduced into the urban area as drinking water for residents, making Wudalianchi the second mineral spring city in the world and the first in Asia after Vichy, France. Due to the strong all-magnetic environment formed by volcanic geology and the special ecological function of vegetation, the air is fresh and pure, and the content of negative oxygen ions is more than 10 times higher than that of ordinary cities. It is a natural oxygen bar. The city has wide roads, clean and tidy cities and different architectural styles. The greening and lighting project is pleasing to the eye. There are many shopping malls and hotels, convenient and enthusiastic public services, and the supporting functions of eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment are improving day by day. It is one of the national commodity grain bases, an important timber production base, the only hometown of mineral water in China, the top ten leisure cities in China, the top 100 tourist counties in China and the best health care city in China.
The grassland area of the city is 1735 square kilometers, the woodland area is 3,495 square kilometers, and the timber volume is 640,000 cubic meters, mainly including larch, oak birch and poplar 10. Wild animal and plant resources are extremely rich, including bears, dragons, deer and other precious wild animals. It is rich in natural green products such as bracken, persimmon, auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, golden leafy vegetables, mushrooms, and hundreds of precious Chinese herbal medicines such as ginseng, acanthopanax senticosus, Fritillaria, Schisandra chinensis and Astragalus. The timely ore grade is 99.7% and the reserve is 200,000 tons. The reserves of granite, perlite, basalt, volcanic gravel, river stone and yellow sand exceed 400 million cubic meters.
Greater zhanhe is commonly known as the mainstream of zhanhe. Originating at the top of zhanhe, the main vein of Xiaoxing 'an Mountains, it flows into the Xunbila River, with a total length of 260 kilometers. It flows fast, through the mountains and hits the bottom of the cliff. Most of Zhanhe river basin is no man's land, and the ecological environment has always been in a primitive state. The scenery on both sides of the river is pleasant, the rocks are rugged and the wonders are endless. In summer, the river is clear and transparent, and the current is fast and slow, which is very romantic and magical. Drifting along the river, you can not only enjoy the lush peaks, but also throw hooks and fish in the clear water, enjoying yourself, just like Guilin Lijiang fairyland, drifting to a turbulent place, just like the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, full of dangers and dangers. In winter, it is wrapped in silver and carved with ice and jade. Dense and green Korean pine mother forest, lush and towering deciduous trees in Xing 'an, slim and graceful birch, proudly tall and straight poplar and other coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests complement each other in the sun. Hundreds of precious wild animals such as red deer, black bear, wild boar, roe deer, lynx, flying dragon, pheasant, crane, wild duck and mandarin duck live on both sides of the strait. The river is rich in fish resources, rich in rare cold-water fish such as Hucho, Lepidoptera and Salmon. There are more than 400 kinds of wild economic plants under the forest, such as codonopsis pilosula, Fritillaria, earthworm, Schisandra chinensis and acanthopanax senticosus. Cucumber fragrance, day lily, bracken, Cantonese cuisine, auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, mushrooms, pine nuts and other wild vegetables are all native products in this area, and they are pure natural green foods.
Lianhuan Lake, commonly known as "circle bubble", is located in the open area of Dawan Valley of Dulu River in Shi Ye District of Erke River Forest Farm, covering an area of 800 hectares. In the early years, it was the riverbed of Dulu River, and then the Dulu River was diverted. The "concave" part became a deep ditch and the circle became a bubble. There are more than 10 famous blisters here, such as crescent bubble, crucian carp bubble, wild goose bubble, swan bubble, lying bubble, pike bubble and opposite bubble. , there are nearly 100 unknowns. The most magical thing about Lianhuan Lake is "Zhuanxin Lake". There is an island in the middle of the lake called Floating Island. The floating island covers an area of about 40,000 square meters, and the water surface around the island is about 40 meters. The floating island is close to the north bank when it meets the south wind, the south bank when the north wind blows, the west when the east wind blows, and the east when the west wind blows, so it is named Zhuanxin Lake. There are centuries-old larch and Tingting birch growing on the island, and pine and birch are lush and dense, which not only adds wonders to the floating island, but also creates a good habitat for waterfowl such as wild ducks. Every year, when the ice and snow melt and the trees are shaded, it is spectacular to take a bird's eye view of the bubbles at low altitude by fire plane.
The west bank of Dulu River, east of Beiying Forest Farm in zhanhe forest region, is the center of volcanic eruption in history, where lava stands upright and strange rocks abound. Suddenly, a spring water flowed down from the mountainside, and it continued all the year round. I don't know which year it was, the Oroqen people who hunted in Zhanhe forest area found that this spring water could cure many diseases, so they became the "open-air hospital" of Hubei people, so they called this mountain Yaoquan Mountain and this spring water "Shenshui". There used to be an ancient temple on the hillside of Yaoquan Mountain. Later, Hubei people gradually settled down, and the traffic here was inconvenient. This ancient temple fell into disrepair and collapsed. The pillars of the temple have been preserved for more than 50 years. Everyone who comes here to treat diseases should bow down to the water, burn incense and pray. Later, every Hubei family who came here to treat diseases built a pile of stones to show their respect for the water.
It has been confirmed by many investigations that this spring belongs to low-temperature mineral water, and its minerals are similar to those of the famous Wudalianchi Yaoquan low-temperature mineral water at home and abroad, which has valuable development and utilization value.
In the hinterland of Zhanhe forest region, there is a creeping tree named "Climbing Pine". Mountain climbing pine is a branch that is green all year round and looks like Korean pine. Its general length is about 1 meter, and the longest is only 3 meters. Its roots are in the cracks of the rock, and its trees climb on the rock like vines, covering their growing places one by one, which is unique and beautiful. Mountain climbing pine is a rare and precious plant, belonging to conifers and shrubs.
The climate of Heihe River is characterized by long winter and short summer, low temperature and cold humidity, with an annual average temperature of about 0℃, the coldest in 65438+ 10, and an average temperature of -42℃. It is the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 2 1℃ and a maximum temperature of 38.2℃. The best travel time is from May to September every year.