Qingming farming activities
Rice management
1, strong seedlings should be inserted with rice early. The purpose of raising seedlings is to prolong the vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period of rice and make full use of frost-free period to increase yield. Transplanting time should not be too early. When the outside temperature passes through 13℃ stably, it is vulnerable to late frost and delays greening and tillering. It should not be too late, which will shorten the vegetative growth period of rice. Both of the above will reduce production. In particular, late-maturing varieties must be transplanted early, otherwise it will be easy to be greedy and late-maturing, and will be infringed by the first frost. According to the meteorological characteristics, rice planting began.
2. Transplanting technology should be scientific. Rice transplanting should be based on the principle of "shallow and stable transplanting, even transplanting", so that the seedlings can take root in appropriate depth, stand upright and stable, have reasonable field distribution, turn green quickly, have low tillering nodes, have high effective tillering rate, compete for fertilizer and glory, develop well and have reasonable population structure, thus improving rice yield.
In the process of transplanting rice, we should adhere to the principle of "four no transplanting": that is, don't transplant rice immediately after the cold current, otherwise it will be vulnerable to freezing injury and affect rice turning green and tillering. Needle-free nest seedlings: that is, do not insert enough nest seedlings, otherwise it will cause seedlings to transplant too deeply or drift, which is not conducive to seedling growth and ensure density. The foot socket should be scraped flat before transplantation. Tube-free seedling: it is a nest-rooted seedling, and the root of the seedling turns upward, making it difficult to take root and grow. Don't insert ants into saplings: the roots are uneven, so pat the roots together before inserting them. Otherwise, the transplanting is too shallow, resulting in floating seedlings; Too deep, low tillering nodes are buried underground, which makes tillering delayed or unable to tiller, thus reducing effective tillering and affecting yield.
3. The transplanting density should be reasonable. Transplanting density should be determined according to seedling quality, variety, soil fertility and transplanting date. If the quality of seedlings is good, the tillering ability of varieties is strong, and the soil fertility is poor, the seedlings can be properly thinned. On the contrary, it should be more dense. Generally speaking, inbred lines 88-7, Tong 3 1, Tong 09, Agricultural University 103, Qiu Guang and other varieties can be slightly denser. Generally, the transplanting specification of sparse planting varieties is 30× 20-27 cm, while that of dense planting is about 30× 13-20 cm, which can be applied flexibly according to local conditions.
Wheat management
1, rational fertilization
March is a critical period for wheat growth. For northern wheat, it belongs to the turning green period before March 20, and then to the jointing stage. From the turning green stage to the jointing stage, the demand for fertilizer in wheat increased rapidly. If fertilizer is insufficient, it will directly affect the final yield of wheat. Therefore, fertilization in March is also crucial.
2. Control prosperity and promote weakness
Wheat control: it is easy to lodging in the late stage of Wangmai, which leads to reduced production. We must do a good job of wheat control in Wangmai in time. Generally, chemicals are used to control the vigorous growth of wheat, which takes time. Generally, the long-term control of wheat prosperity is years ago or years later. Once the wheat is jointing, it must not be controlled again. At the same time, pay attention to the dosage of Wangwang medicine, which can not be used excessively, which will easily lead to the growth of wheat and affect the final yield; Selection of chemicals to control wheat growth: paclobutrazol and chlormequat are commonly used. However, the use of paclobutrazol alone will remain in the soil for a long time, inhibiting the growth of the next crop. It is suggested that paclobutrazol should be combined with methylphenidate. After application, it can be quickly absorbed by plant stems and leaves, control the synthesis of gibberellic acid in wheat, effectively control plant overgrowth, dwarf and robust plants, prevent lodging, control vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, transfer nutrients synthesized by leaves to ears, improve seed setting rate and grain filling rate, and make leaves dark green after application; Wheat is weak: weak wheat is not conducive to the later growth, and at the same time it will reduce the number of grains per ear and affect the yield. It is suggested to topdressing 20 kg urea per mu in the greening period to strengthen the growth of weak seedlings, and topdressing urea 16 kg at jointing stage to promote tillering and ensure the final yield. At the same time, foliar fertilization and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate urea can supplement nutrition and promote wheat from weak to strong.
3, pest control work
In March, the wheat was in the middle and late period of turning green and the jointing stage of wheat. The main diseases in this period were sheath blight, stripe rust and virus disease, and aphids were the main pests.
Prevention and control of wheat sheath blight: when the rate of diseased plants reaches about 10% from wheat turning green to the early jointing stage, spray control is carried out; The medicine can be selected from thifluzamide, tebuconazole, jinggangmycin ketone, jinggangmycin, etc. Prevention and control of wheat stripe rust: spray control with kresoxim-methyl suspension and tebuconazole oxime suspension. At the jointing stage of wheat turning green or the early stage of stripe rust; Prevention and treatment of wheat virus disease: products such as chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and copper moroxydine can be selected for prevention and treatment; Prevention and control of wheat aphids: The best time to prevent and control aphids is at the end of turning green and the beginning of jointing stage, and the available chemicals are imidacloprid, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, fipronil and so on.
Special reminder: If two or more pests and diseases occur at the same time, the above chemicals can be mixed and must be diluted by 2 times.
4, prevention of late spring cold work
Late spring cold has a great influence on wheat, and the yield reduction is very serious. The main manifestations are: causing flower abortion of wheat, serious seedless ear differentiation, normal upper part, hollow lower part and serious seedless whole ear. In view of the late spring cold, we must do a good job of prevention in advance: make wheat seedlings strong and not prosperous, and enhance the ability of cold resistance and stress resistance; Always pay attention to the weather forecast, and spray antifreeze products: brassinolide and Mercedes-Benz potassium dihydrogen phosphate amino acid foliar fertilizer in advance before the arrival of cold current to prevent frost and increase resistance; Spray fungicides in time after the cold current to prevent diseases.
Health preservation methods in Qingming period
1, lie down at night and get up early to go to court.
In spring, people's qi and blood flow from the inside out, and the whole nature is also the time when everything is born. Huangdi Neijing said that before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, we must remember that "lying at night and getting up early, striding in court." Sleeping at night means sleeping after dark; Getting up early means getting up early in the morning. This is because qi and blood go out in spring, so going to bed early at night is conducive to the recovery of qi and blood. "Walking in the court" means going out for a walk often, feeling the breath of all things in nature, and naturally forming a harmonious state with nature.
2. Learn to breathe from the tortoise
Tomb-Sweeping Day pays attention to breathing before and after, and he can learn from the tortoise about breathing methods. Usually people breathe with their chests, but when they fall asleep, they mostly breathe with their bellies. Tortoise has no intercostal muscles and bones, only its head and neck are combined with its stomach, so its breathing is very special, which is chest breathing plus abdominal breathing.
3. Lie down at night and get up early to let volunteers live.
People always think that spring will officially enter after the vernal equinox, so there is often a saying of "coincidence". In fact, in meteorology, the average daily temperature for five consecutive days (the average of the highest and lowest temperatures in a day) is higher than 10℃, which means that it has entered spring. Every year, the average daily temperature in Tomb-Sweeping Day and most parts of China will rise above 12℃. It can be said that as soon as Qingming arrives, spring really comes.
As for spring health care, Su Wen in Huangdi Neijing clearly puts forward that "four qi can adjust the spirit": spring is the season when everything recovers. In order to adapt to the law of the sun and the sun in spring, people should stay up late and get up early to relax their bodies, so as to make their minds feel comfortable and happy with the spirit of spring. This is the natural law of health preservation, and it will hurt the liver if it is violated. At this time, we should master the characteristics of the rise and fall of Qi in spring, and pay attention to protecting the yang in the body, so as to make it constantly abundant and gradually vigorous, so as to avoid any yang injury or obstruction.
Of course, staying up late here does not mean staying up late, and getting up early does not mean "getting up earlier than the chicken", but compared with going to bed early and getting up late in winter, staying up late and getting up early properly can make people feel refreshed.
Tomb-Sweeping Day qi health diet therapy
Have a light diet and eat less hair.
At this time, chronic diseases such as asthma, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are prone to occur. If you eat hairy food again at this time, it is likely to induce these diseases. The so-called "hairy food" refers to products that produce phlegm and poison, and help fire and evil spirits from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, mutton, dog meat and other foods should be eaten less and the diet should be light.
Suitable foods are japonica rice, sesame, peanut, adzuki bean, glutinous rice, quail, goose, mussel, snail, egg, leek, coriander, lettuce, yam, apple, orange, horseshoe, pear, peach and cherry. Healthy soup should be carrot and bamboo cane water, pork belly stewed with Chili, fish head stewed with Chuanxiong and Angelica dahurica, dog belly fish with leeks, pig's trotters with fresh Smilax glabra, eel with pickles, pork lean with catnip and so on.
Drinking chrysanthemum tea in winter to dispel cold evil
During the Qingming Festival, the weather is warm and the sun is the spirit. Traditional health preserving theory holds that "spring corresponds to liver", so nourishing liver in spring is always healthy. At this time, you can choose chrysanthemum tea with the functions of dispelling wind and clearing heat, clearing liver and improving eyesight, which can not only nourish the liver and gallbladder, dredge meridians, but also dispel the cold evil accumulated in the body in winter.
During the Qingming period, it is warm and cold, and bacteria and viruses are easy to breed. If you don't pay attention to keep warm when you go out at this time, it is easy to cause a cold. When citizens are playing outside, they neglect to increase or decrease their clothes at the right time and combine work and rest. Excessive play and fatigue can easily lead to colds. According to the past, children accounted for a large part of the patients who came to see a doctor during the Qingming period. Parents neglect to take care of them, and adults feel that it is not necessary to go to the hospital for treatment, so most of them come for treatment.
In addition, due to the recent cold and hot weather, the number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, mental diseases and skin allergies has increased significantly, and it has also become a high incidence of mental diseases such as depression and anxiety. Health experts remind the public that the changeable weather, coupled with tomb sweeping in Qingming, can easily make people feel depressed, in a bad mood, depressed, and will also lead to and aggravate the symptoms of some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients.