Hanguguan is located in Wang Duo village 15km north of lingbao city, about 75km away from Sanmenxia city. It is located on the "Chang 'an Ancient Road", near the Yellow River. Named after being locked in a canyon, it is as dangerous as letters.
Hanguguan is bordered by the plateau in the west, the precipice in the east, the Qinling Mountains in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It is one of the earliest Xiongguan fortresses in China. Founded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has the throat of Luoyang in the east and Chang 'an in the west. Known as "Tiankai Hangu Pass is strong, and the eternal dust shakes the north" and "Twin peaks rise high by the river, and Hangu Pass the battlefield since ancient times". It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. In the third year of Liang Wang, Qin led the division of six countries to attack Qin, and Qin followed the natural hazards in the valley, so that the six countries' troops were "lying dead for millions, and the blood became a river". In the sixth year of Qin Shihuang, the armies of Chu, Zhao and Wei invaded Qin, and "to Hangu, they were all defeated". "Liu Bangguan refused Xiang Yu", "The Taolin War between Tang Jun and the Rebels in the Anshi Rebellion" and "The Battle of Hangu Pass between the China Army and the Japanese Invaders in 1944/kloc-0" were all conducted here.
Hanguguan is not only a military fortress, but also a key point of cultural and economic exchanges between the hinterland of the ancient Central Plains and the northwest region. Around this famous city, there are many historical stories and legends, such as "Zi Qi came from the East", "Laozi went through the customs", "A cock crows and a dog steals", "Gongsun Baima" and "Emperor Xuanzong changed to Yuan". Historical celebrities such as Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Sima Qian, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Sima Guang, etc. have traveled to Guanfu to compose poems, and so far there are 65,438+.
Hanguguan Ancient Culture Tourist Area, a national AAA-level tourist attraction, is located at the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, in lingbao city, the west gate of Henan Province, with an area of 16.5 square kilometers. The main scenic spots are Taichu Palace, Daosheng Palace, Taoist Health Park, Tibetan Classics Building, Exhibition Hall, Jimingtai, Forest of Steles, Wax Museum, Museum, Guanlou, Hanguan Ancient Road and so on. There are more than 20 places.
Hanguguan is a great thinker and philosopher in ancient China. It is the sacred place of Lingguguan where Laozi wrote Tao Te Ching, the pioneering work of Taoism, and the birthplace of Taoist culture. It is the gateway to Chang 'an in the west and Luoyang in the east in ancient times, and the intersection of Central Plains culture and Qin Jin culture. It is a strategic fortress for thousands of years and the birthplace of historical stories and legends such as purple gas and chicken crow from the East. In the long history, celebrities (Laozi), famous books (Tao Te Ching) and famous customs (Hanguguan) have been kept in history books and broadcast overseas.
Military culture with a long history
Hangu Pass was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "Named after the deep and dangerous valley. From Xiaoshan in the east to Jintong in the west, Hangu, known as the "natural barrier" (Ci Hai). Hanguguan guards Hanguguan's throat, with Hengling in the west, Juejian in the east, Qinling in the south and Yellow River in the north. The terrain is dangerous and the road is narrow. Known as "the car is not square, the horse is not tied". "Taiping Universe" records that "there are rivers in the north and mountains in the south, with more than 40 steps in a week and a height of 20 feet". Guancheng is magnificent, and the building is close to the Golden Garden. Because it is located in the center of Taolinsai and the throat of the ancient road, it is known as "the sky is open and the valley is strong, and the dust shakes the north" (Tang? Hu Sushi), "The twin peaks rise high on the banks of the Taihe River, and have been in the battlefield since ancient times" (Jin? One person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it. In the third year of the Zhou Dynasty (3 18 BC), Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and Yan conquered Qin, and Qin defeated the six countries according to the natural barrier of Hangu Pass. In the sixth year of Qin Shihuang (243 BC), the five countries of Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and Wei attacked the State of Qin, "all failed to pass the imperial edict". In the Chu-Han War at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang once blocked Xiang Yu's attack. In the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, officers and soldiers and rebels fought a famous Taolin war before entering the customs. In the more than 2,000 years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hanguguan experienced the seven chivalrous men's hegemony, the Chu-Han dispute, the peasant uprising in Li Zicheng, Huang Chao, the Revolution of 1911, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the war of liberation. Whether competing for the Central Plains or marching into Guanzhong, Hangu Pass has always been a battleground for military strategists.
Broad and profound Laozi culture
Laozi was an outstanding thinker, politician, philosopher and writer in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He was not only the founder of Taoism, but also the founder of hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period. His book Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, is a treasure in the world cultural treasure house. Since the publication of Tao Te Ching, people from the emperor's senior officials to Li's people have shown great enthusiasm for this classic work. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1800 versions recorded in historical materials. It not only produced a wide and far-reaching influence in China, but also spread abroad in Sanskrit in the 7th century, and spread to European and American countries in the18th century, and gradually became popular all over the world. The famous German philosopher Hegel once pointed out: "Another special school in China's philosophy ... is characterized by speculation. The main concept of this school is Tao, and this is reason. Laozi is the player of this lifestyle closely related to philosophy. " Nietzsche, a French philosopher, said, "The Tao Te Ching is like a Jing Quan that never dries up, full of treasures. Put down the bucket and get it at your fingertips." In his State of the Union address from 65438 to 0987, former US President Ronald Reagan quoted Laozi's famous saying "Governing a big country is like cooking a little fresh food" to explain his strategy of governing the country. Laozi's thought is profound, involving all aspects of heaven, earth and human beings, and he has unique insights and wisdom in politics, economy, military affairs, art, ethics, health care and other fields.
Studying Laozi's thought has become an international cultural phenomenon. More than 40 countries, including Britain, France, the United States and Japan, are studying the Tao Te Ching, and more than 600 versions have been translated, including more than 330 Japanese works. Because the Tao Te Ching was written in Hanguguan, Hanguguan really became the birthplace of Taoist culture. On June 20th, 2002, 10, Min Zhiting, president of the Chinese Taoist Association and a Taoist in Yuxi, wrote the words "the source of Taoism" for Hanguguan Tourist Area.
Immortal historical sites.
1, Guancheng site. There are no buildings left. According to research, Hangu Guancheng is an irregular rectangle, which is rammed by long, round and flat rammers. East wall length1800m, west wall length1300m and south wall length180m. The site is basically consistent with historical records.
2. Hanguguan East Gate closes the building. The original Guanlou no longer exists, but what we see now is the retro building started in 1992.
The East Gate Building is 7 1.2 meters long from north to south and 2 1.5 meters high. It is concave, sitting west to east, and controls the main entrance road. Guanlou is a three-story building. There are two doors and two buildings at the top of the building, and each roof is decorated with Feng Dan, so it is also called "Fengdan Building".
3. Hangu Ancient Road. It starts from the east gate of Hanguguan on the west bank of Hongnong River in the east and passes through Guancheng in the west. It runs from Guogou, Huangheyu and Langpigou in Wang Duo Village to Gusangtian (now Housang), with a total length of15km, which is the only east-west passage in this area. The depth of the valley is 50-70 meters, the width of the valley bottom is about 10 meter, the narrow part is only 2-3 meters, and the slope of the valley bank is 40-80 degrees. The valley bottom is winding and secluded, rugged and narrow, and the empty valley is deep. When people walk in it, if they believe in it, there are many cliffs and peaks on both sides of the road, and the terrain is sinister and the landform is looming. Ancient books say that "cars don't divide tracks, horses don't merge" and "a mud pill seals Azuma Tani". In recent years, when a farmer in the village was working in the field, he dug up an ancient bone and found more than a dozen arrows on it. Appraised by the cultural relics department, the arrow cluster on the deceased was the product of the Warring States period, which shows the scene of the war at that time.
4. Warring States well-shaped arrow library. Located at the lower end of the right side wall of Cidong City Gate in Hangu, it is a 0.9-meter-diameter shaft cave weapon warehouse, which was discovered in July of 1986 and was an arrow warehouse for customs officials to store weapons during the Warring States Period. The arrow library is like a dry well. There are bundles of arrows in it, about 1 cubic meter. The arrow is made of copper and the shaft is made of iron. It is very light and rust is inseparable. This arrow library provides an important basis for studying the weapons of the Warring States period.
5. Former site of Yin's former residence. According to legend, it is Yin's residence. Yin, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, was an astronomer and a former customs official in Hangu. Legend has it that he once received Lao Zi here. In the 19th year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 74 1), Chen Congjun and Tian Tongxiu (Taolin County) made suggestions to please the emperor. Tang Xuanzong said that an amulet was sent from the sky to the old house of Yin Xi in Hangu Pass, and Xuanzong sent someone to dig it. As expected, Xuanzong was overjoyed and thought it was a gift from Laozi, so he changed the name of Kaiyuan to Tianbao.
6. Qi Mingtai, also known as Tian. The story of the idiom "A chicken calls a dog to steal" happened here. The reconstructed legend of Jimingtai is the high song that Tian Wen diners learned to crow.
7. Guankongtai, also known as Zhanzilou. Legend has it that Hanguguan made Yin climb high and look far to observe the celestial phenomena. The etymology of "purple gas comes from the east" comes from this. In Qiu Lan, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, there is a sentence: "Looking at Yaochi in the west and descending to the Queen Mother, the east is full of purple." In order to commemorate him, later generations named the earth mountain of Yin as the watchtower. In the Tang Dynasty, a "pavilion" more than 3 feet high was built on it. This building was destroyed by fire in the Republic of China. What we can see now is the antique buildings built in recent years.
8. Taichu Palace. Located on the right side of Hanguguan East Gate. Legend has it that Yin greeted Lao Tzu to Hangu Pass, saluted Lao Tzu and begged Lao Tzu to write a book for him, so Lao Tzu wrote the Tao Te Ching with 5,000 words here. This rich book has a great influence on later generations (some people think it is the work of later generations). In order to commemorate this event, later generations built the Taichu Palace, which used to be a Taoist temple, in the place where Laozi wrote classics.
Taiji Hall is a classical building in the style of a palace. On the ridge of the temple and the eaves of the gables, there are rare birds and animals such as Kirin, lion, tiger, chicken and dog, which have both form and spirit. The roof of the temple is criss-crossed and the rafters are uneven. Although the roof truss is complex, it has its own rules. The hall is very wide and there are no pillars in it. According to historical records, Taichu Palace was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main hall of Taichu Palace was built before the Tang Dynasty, and it was repaired in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. There are two stone tablets in the temple, one is from Yuan Dade's four years, and the other is from Qing Shunzhi's years, both of which record the story of Lao Zi riding a green cow through Hangu Pass.
9. Shiraya Ichisuke. It is located in the small valley of Mengcun Old Village, north of lingbao city 17km, and about 2km south of Guhanguguan. The clip is shaped like a turret, a brick-wood structure and a gate tower. There are two doors inside and outside. On the outside door, the words "Han Gu Guan Jia Fu" are engraved with blue bricks. Above the city gate, there is a two-story four-corner building, resting at the top of the mountain. At present, it is basically intact except for the damage to the north roof and some parts. After identification, the existing buildings were built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty.
10, Hangu forest of steles. The forest of steles in Hangu was built in autumn of 1988. It is 100 meter long from north to south and 40 meters wide from east to west. It covers an area of 4000 square meters and has 62 stone tablets. There are ancient monuments collected from Lingbao, such as the ritual monument in the Song Dynasty, the earthquake monument in the Tang Dynasty, the epitaph of Yang Zhongsi, the brother of Yang Guifei, and the epitaph of Xu Tianguan, the official wife of the Ming Dynasty, as well as new monuments written by famous calligraphers in modern times, such as the banner tablet written by Kang Youwei to Lingbao county magistrate at that time in Qing Dynasty and the pen tablet of Li Xiangyang prototype.
There are three Hangu Pass in history, besides Hangu Pass (now called Qin Pass) built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are Hangu Pass and Wei Pass.
Hanguan is 500 meters east of Xin 'an County, Henan Province, and 150 kilometers west of Qinguan. According to the Records of lingbao city, since the rise of the Han Dynasty, Guanzhong has always been regarded as the Imperial Capital, and the east of Hangu Pass is called the Commissioner. People are proud that they are Guanzhong people. Yangfu, a shipbuilding general, was originally from Xin 'an County, east of Hanguguan. He was told that he was a foreigner. He was deeply unhappy and donated all the money in his family. In the third year of Emperor Han Yuan (AD 184), a magnificent city named Hanguguan was built in the east of Xin 'an County. With this new pass, servant Yang became Guan Zhong. The Han Pass has long been abandoned, and now only the ruins of the relevant gates are left.
Weiguan, located 20 kilometers northeast of lingbao city, is about 5 kilometers away from Qinguan. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao begged Zhang Lu and Ma Chao in the west. In order to transport military forces and grain quickly, he ordered Chu Xu to dig tunnels there and build customs, which was not far from Qin Guan, so it was called Xin Guan. This morning later became an important traffic trunk line connecting Luoyang in the east and Chang 'an in the west. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Shicheng Tower was destroyed by fire, and the site was submerged by Sanmenxia Reservoir. Now there are only ancient roads and beacon towers.