Genital mycoplasma infection is a sexually transmitted disease. Mycoplasma can be found in healthy carriers, but the detection rate is high in promiscuous men, homosexuals, prostitutes and gonorrhea patients. It has been reported in seven areas in China that the carrier rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) is 10.59%, and that of Mycoplasma hominis (MH) is 5.34%. The detection rate of ureaplasma urealyticum was 765.438 0.7%, and that of mycoplasma hominis was 65.438 0.95%. The survey shows that the more sexual partners, the greater the sexual activity index, and the higher the infection rates of UU and MH.
What is the cause of mycoplasma infection?
Adults are mainly transmitted through sexual contact, while newborns are infected through their mothers' reproductive tract during childbirth. The infection site of adult male is in urethral mucosa, and that of female is in cervix. Newborns mainly cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia.
Mycoplasma can only attach to the receptors on the surface of epithelial cells of respiratory tract or urogenital tract, and does not enter tissues and blood. The causes of cell damage caused by mycoplasma are as follows: (1) Mycoplasma adhering to the surface of host cells absorbs nutrients from cells and obtains lipids and cholesterol from cell membranes, causing cell damage; Toxic substances produced by mycoplasma metabolism, such as Mycoplasma lysolyticum, can produce neurotoxins and cause cell membrane damage; Ureaplasma contains urease, which can hydrolyze urea to produce a large amount of ammonia, which is toxic to cells. Mycoplasma can not only adhere to the surface of cells and macrophages, but also adhere to the surface of sperm, thus preventing sperm from moving. Neuraminidase-like substances produced by mycoplasma can interfere with the combination of sperm and eggs. This is one of the causes of infertility caused by mycoplasma infection.
What are the symptoms of mycoplasma infection?
The incubation period is 1-3 weeks, and the typical acute symptoms are similar to other nongonococcal urogenital infections, such as urethral tingling, different degrees of urgency, frequent urination and dysuria, especially when urine is concentrated. The urethral orifice is slightly red and swollen, and the secretion is thin and less, which is serous or purulent. You need to squeeze the urethra hard to see the secretion overflow. Often there is a small amount of mucus secretion at the urethral orifice or only the scab membrane is closed, or the crotch is unclean.
Prostate infection often occurs in subacute stage, and patients often have perineal swelling and pain, backache, discomfort in the inner thighs or tingling sensation spreading from perineum to the inner thighs during anal lifting operation.
Female patients often see genital inflammation spreading around the cervix. Most of them have no obvious symptoms, and a few severe patients have a feeling of vaginal distension. When infection spreads to urethra, frequent urination and urgency are the main symptoms that attract patients' attention. The infection is confined to the cervix, showing increased leucorrhea, turbidity, cervical edema, congestion or surface erosion. The spread of infection to urethra is characterized by flushing, congestion and squeezing of urethra, with a small amount of secretion overflowing, but little tenderness.
The common complication of mycoplasma infection is salpingitis, and a few patients may have endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
What tests do mycoplasma infection need to do?
1. Mycoplasma culture:
A. Specimen collection: When taking a swab, insert the swab into the male urethra for 2-4cm and wipe it hard.
B. common culture medium.
2. Serological identification method: agar diffusion method is the most commonly used method. Serological diagnosis test: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has high sensitivity; Micro-immunofluorescence assay (MIF) has the characteristics of rapidity.
How to treat
Treatment is basically the same as chlamydia treatment. Doxycycline 100mg orally, twice a day for 7- 14 days or azithromycin 1g orally in a single dose, with a half-life of 60 hours, and an effective concentration can be maintained for 5 days once orally; Fluzinic acid 0.2, taken orally twice a day, for 7- 14 days.
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