Comments on Lao Tzu's reading model essay 1 Lao Tzu, also known as Tao Te Ching, is short and slightly obscure. He put forward the concept of "Taoism is natural" for the first time, and it was continuously developed and extended by later generations to become the first religion in China-Taoism. Therefore, Taoist theory pays more attention to the exploration and pursuit of the spiritual world than Confucianism, and pays more attention to the individual, which is also the origin of the so-called "sage like style".
Laozi believes that everything is complementary, so we should look at the problem dialectically. As the saying goes, fortunes depend on each other, and many things in life should be normal and let nature take its course. Furthermore, we should regard every encounter in life as a process of life growth, and turn the spirit and energy in the encounter into our own life experience.
I remember the high school teacher once said that when I was young, I should try to have less contact with Laozi. After all, its content is more or less suitable for young people who should be full of passion. Watching too much may lead to a lack of vitality. But I don't think it conflicts with understanding its essence. When I deeply understand the book Laozi, I found that many of its truths are of great benefit to people's spiritual life in today's society. Nowadays, with the rapid development of social economy, people's material wealth is getting richer and richer, but the accumulation of spiritual wealth is being ignored more and more, and the phenomenon of moral decay is becoming more and more serious. In the materialistic real life, how to face all kinds of temptations? A thousand years ago, Lao Tzu might give the answer: meditation, purity and dedication are three different levels of mentality in life.
Meditation is the coordinate of Jing 'an life.
Laozi takes "quietness is the best in the world" and "quietness" as the basis of practice. Only by "meditation" can we "know its male and keep its female", "know its white and keep its black" and "know its glory and keep its shame"; Meditation is not disturbed by fame and fortune, and is not affected by going back and forth; Meditation is the only way to stay poor and endure loneliness. Meditation is the foundation of peace of mind. When people's state of mind reaches an empty state, they will always maintain a modest and prudent style, and they will make practical moves, do practical things and seek practical results in society, life and work.
Clean your heart and your life direction.
Chapter 13 of Laozi's Tao Te Ching: "A great shame is a great disaster." We can see that the root of "great shame" lies in "having a body for me", and the root of "having a body for me" lies in the fact that people's minds can't be as clean, clear and transparent as water, and they attach too much importance to individuals and their fame and fortune. If you are indifferent to the world, you will remain quiet and simple, and you will have less selfish desires. How can you be "if you are in trouble?" In this way, purifying your mind can make you consciously persist in self-reflection, always check your greedy heart and curb your unwanted thoughts. A pure mind is the source of keeping a clear understanding.
Show your life as much as you can.
Laozi said in the seventeenth chapter of Tao Te Ching that "Tao always does nothing". I don't think Lao Tzu's inaction is negative inaction. This is a misunderstanding of Laozi's Tao Te Ching. Lao Tzu meant to teach people to follow the path, not to act rashly, but to do something. Only by "not acting rashly" can we make great achievements, that is to say, "not acting rashly" is the guarantee of making achievements. Doing something is to play a good social role, do a good job and assume family responsibilities. This is "doing something".
Yes, in today's world-disputing society, if he can devote himself wholeheartedly to his work, then his mentality must always be in a state of meditation and purity. Without entering a state of meditation and purity, he can't restrain his restless heart. In other words, God doesn't think outside, so meditation and purity of mind are the premise and premise of doing all the work wholeheartedly.
After reading Laozi's model essay 2, "misfortune comes from the mouth, and happiness comes from the mouth." It means that misfortune is the premise of happiness, and happiness contains unfortunate factors. In other words, good and bad things can be transformed into each other. Under certain conditions, happiness can become a curse, and a curse can also become a blessing. This famous saying of Laozi is very reasonable.
Laozi is China and one of the earliest philosophers with dialectical thoughts in the world. There has always been a debate about Laozi, his books and his "Tao Theory". According to the simple biography of Sima Qian in Historical Records, he was a famous thinker and founder of Taoist school in the Spring and Autumn Period. Lao Zi, surnamed Li Minger, was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang Town, Guxian County, Chu State (now Luyi County, Henan Province). "Laozi" is what people call him, "Lao" means that he has been highly valued in the years, and "Zi" is a good name for men in ancient times. His date of birth and death is unknown.
Laozi served as the "Stoku" of the Zhou Dynasty (equivalent to the curator of the National Library or the curator of the History Museum), so he is familiar with anecdotes and etiquette, not only rich in historical knowledge, but also extensive in natural science knowledge.
In 520 BC, the Zhou royal family had a civil war for the throne. In April this year, King Zhou Jing passed away, and doctor Liu Yuxin Li Geng strongly mourned the king. Kill Wang. Jin people attacked and made him a king. The civil war lasted for five years. In 5 16 BC, Wang Zichao failed, swept the Zhou classics and fled to Chu. Some of my books have also been taken away. So, I was fired and went home. The change of the situation has changed Laozi's position, and his thoughts have also changed greatly, from observing the ceremony to opposing the ceremony.
Due to the persecution of slave owners and nobles in power, Lao Tzu had to "hide his name" and live in four directions. Later, he went west to the state of Qin. After Hangu Pass (now southwest of Lingbao County, Henan Province), Guan Ling Yin Xi knew that Lao Tzu was leaving and hid, so he asked Lao Tzu to leave a message. So Laozi wrote Laozi with 5000 words. According to legend, when I went through the customs, I rode a green Niu Piao.
Most of Laozi's thoughts are preserved in Laozi. Laozi ***8 1 chapter is divided into two parts. Because it talks about Tao and morality, people later called it Laozi's Tao Te Ching. The book "Laozi" that we are seeing now is not the original work of Laozi, because it contains characters obtained by people during the Warring States period, but the main ideas in it belong to Laozi.
The book Laozi is short and difficult to understand, so there are many comments from later generations. The most popular ones are Lao Zi's Original Meaning by Wei Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty, and Wang Bi, a philosopher of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, and so on. Let's learn about Laozi's philosophy and political thoughts through the book Laozi.
Tao is the origin of all things in the world. Laozi is the first philosopher in our country who tries to explain the world from nature itself without resorting to the supernatural master-the will of Heaven Emperor. Before Laozi, people thought that everything in the universe was ruled by God, and the highest God was Heaven, the so-called Emperor of Heaven. This concept did not begin to change until the Spring and Autumn Period of great social change. Laozi was an early thinker who consciously and explicitly denied Heaven Emperor in philosophy. On the basis of Zhouyi, he further clarified that "Tao" is the origin of all things in the world. The central idea of Laozi's "Tao Theory" is: "Tao is nature, and nature is Tao". He said, "Tao" is the mother of all things: "Tao can be Tao, but extraordinary. The name can be named. It's very famous. Nothing is the beginning of the world.
If half a wheelchair can rule the world, then a "Lao Zi" can rule the universe. Laozi is a great philosophical work.
Needham said that China culture is like a towering tree, and its roots are in Taoism. It can be seen that Laozi is profound and profound, and it is a wonderful flower in China culture. After reading Laozi, I can only say that I have read Laozi and understood the fur of this masterpiece. For myself, I can only say that I have chosen a few people with unique feelings.
Lao Tzu began by telling us that Tao produces all things in the world, but it is not an ordinary Tao, which cannot be expressed in words, but it is very profound and mysterious; "Tao gives birth to one, two, three and all things" is the origin of Tao's creation of all things. In Laozi's view, the origin of all things in the universe is "mixing into one". This is quite different from the ideas of many philosophers in ancient Greece. Thales thought that the source of all things was water, Aristotle thought that fire was the source of all things, and even later, at a relatively high scientific level, the theory that atoms were the source of the world appeared, which made me very puzzled: in ancient China, why did you think that Tao, a virtual thing, was the source of all things, rather than the concrete matter mentioned in the West? Is it that the essence of civilization is different?
"Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty, evil is evil, good is good and bad is bad." In fact, the objective world is contradictory, but people have so-called beauty, evil, good and bad because of their subjectivity, which leads to different world outlook, outlook on life, aesthetics and so on. However, in Laozi, "whether it is the same or not, it is difficult to complement each other, the length is in phase, the height is in phase, and the sound is in harmony." The existence of all things is reflected by the existence of their opposites. Perhaps this is the "opposites bring out the best in each other" in China's classical philosophy.
"Nature is as good as water" is a well-known classic, but who can really understand the meaning of this sentence? Laozi uses water to educate the world, and uses water to compare a noble personality. "Water is good for all things and indisputable, and water is evil for all, so it is a few things." In other words, noble character is like water, so soft, staying in a humble place, nourishing everything without fighting with it. This is the highest good. In today's society, how to reflect, fight for power and profit, and go with the flow? How many people are selfless? Laozi believes that "the reason why heaven and earth can last is that they can't live by themselves, so they can live forever." The reason why heaven and earth exist for a long time is because of their selfless dedication. Therefore ... Lao Tzu said, "It is the saints who are behind and exist outside. Because of his selflessness, he can become private. " Because of his selflessness, he finally achieved himself, which is great.
In fact, there are many humanized parts in Laozi, which is exactly what I like. Philosophy of dealing with people: "The next best thing is heaven." To be a man, you should leave room for your own behavior, don't go too far, no matter what you do, there must be a limit and enough is enough. People can't be "profitable" After gaining fame and fortune, one should retire after success, which is the long-term guarantee.
"If white humiliation, generous horned, a late bloomer. Great voices are heard, elephants are invisible, and the Tao is hidden and nameless. Husband is the only way, and the loan is good. " The greatness of Tao, "Man is the mother of all things, the earth is the mother of heaven, and heaven is the mother of all things."
Laozi's Laozi is so profound and unfathomable. A dewdrop in the morning and a star at night are all in this avenue. How I want to know this great Tao. Only by continuing to study hard can I get closer and closer to it. Getting to know the Tao slowly is as endless as counting stars.
This spring, I forgot what day it was. My husband took out three purple sand cups and asked me to choose one from them, saying that he bought it in the cultural city. At first glance, I took a fancy to one of the cups, which read "nourishing the heart and nourishing the nature" and there was a small "Tai Chi" on the lid. From loving reading Tao Te Ching to favoring books and things related to Tao, this is "love me, love my dog".
Chapter 28 of Laozi, I think, is helpful to "cultivate the mind and cultivate the nature". He taught people to conform to nature, keep quiet, do nothing, have an indisputable heart and have a world style. Chapter 28 says:
It is the world stream to know its male and keep its female; For the world stream, Changde never gives up and returns to the baby.
Know its white, keep its black, and be the world; For the world, Changde is not special and returns to infinity.
Knowing its glory and keeping its shame is Amagai; For Amagai, Changde is enough, returning to the park.
Park scattered for the device, saints use it, is an official, so the big system is not cut.
Explain this passage, that is to say:
Knowing that you want to protect yourself by male (strong) means, you can't compete with others, but you are willing to let the female (obedient) guard. In this way, we will return to the original childlike innocence and reach the realm of innocence. So there is a saying that "children are God's affirmation".
Know how to show yourself, let people know their bright side, but do not compete with others for performance, but are willing to hide and live in the dark. Such a person can be an example and model for all people in the world. His highest unchangeable virtue will not make mistakes and mistakes, but can return to simplicity and become one with Tao (infinite is the mother of Tai Chi).
Know wealth, but don't compete with others for wealth, but live in shame and peace. Such people are open-minded and have won the obedience of the whole world. Their highest unchangeable virtue is enough, and they can return to the true colors of everything. Simplicity is pure.
The park was destroyed and scattered into concrete objects. On the basis of the destruction of simplicity, the sage established management and leadership based on the principle of simplicity. Therefore, good governance and perfect management means following the heaven and letting everything go with the flow, that is, following inaction and doing everything.
Laozi advocates letting nature take its course and does not insist on everything. Man-made is harmful to nature, because heaven and earth are also driven by nature and can't help working there. What is nature? It is an omnipotent paradise. Therefore, people should obey God's will and not make their own decisions. Zhuangzi said: "I am between heaven and earth, and you Xiaoshi and Xiao Mu are in the mountains!" That is to look at the relationship between man and nature.
Laozi advocates taking quietness as the extreme trajectory of human nature, maintaining indisputable virtue, being quiet, weak, single-minded and without desire, and following the natural and mysterious law of practice. It will be of great benefit to our physical and mental health if we mortals cultivate our mind and nature according to this.
I heard an article from a doctor at noon today, saying that patients were divided into two groups: one group took medicine and the other group studied the Tao Te Ching. After several months, the curative effect of this group is better than that of the other group; I think this may be what people say, heart disease (troubled heart) still needs cardiotonic treatment. When people return to the heart of nature, there will be no heart disease; This is also the pure and unpolluted nature of Buddhism. What's wrong with pure and unpolluted nature?
Laozi's reading essay model essay 5 Laozi's Tao Te Ching contains rich philosophy of life. For thousands of years, from emperors and princes to ordinary people, all have learned the essence of governing the country, cultivating self-cultivation and cultivating people from this wisdom book of human etiquette history.
Nowadays, with the development of social science and the rapid development of social economy, people's material wealth is getting richer and richer, while their spiritual wealth is getting poorer and poorer, and the phenomenon of moral decay is getting more and more serious. The voice of "being upright and being practical" is getting stronger and stronger. In the materialistic real life, how to deal with the temptation of money, status and beauty? We can also find the answer in the classic Tao Te Ching, that is, we should pay attention to keep quiet, quiet and introspect in our daily life, work and family, and do our duty wholeheartedly!
Since we are small, our strength is weak, and our life is short, why not correct our mentality? Meditation, purity and dedication are three different levels of people's mentality. Meditation: Jing 'an's life coordinates; Clean heart: clean life direction; Dedication: Do your best in life.
Meditation is the coordinate of Jing 'an life. Laozi takes "quietness is the best in the world" and "quietness" as the basis of practice. Chapter 16 of the Tao Te Ching says, "Be empty and be quiet." The emphasis is on keeping quiet. "Causing emptiness" means removing obstacles in the mind, sorting out chaotic mental activities, and then "quietness". Through "quiet" work, we can profoundly accumulate knowledge, and then we can "know what is normal" and turn adversity into luck.
After Laozi, Zhuangzi emphasized selfishness and no desire in order to rest in peace, which is the Taoist thought of keeping in good health.
Only by "meditation" can we "know its male and keep its female", "know its white and keep its black" and "know its glory and keep its shame"; Meditation is not disturbed by fame and fortune, and is not affected by going back and forth; Meditation is the only way to stay poor and endure loneliness.
In short, meditation is the foundation of peace of mind. When people's mentality reaches an empty state, they will continue to be modest and prudent, and they will make practical moves, do practical things and seek practical results in society, life and work.
Clean your heart and your life direction.
"Those who are clean are not polluted", and between heaven and earth, being clean and not polluted means "not polluted". The meaning of "don't dye" is very broad. Chapter 12 of Laozi's Tao Te Ching says: "Five colors make people blind, five tones make people deaf, five flavors make people cool, galloping and hunting make people crazy, and strange goods can hinder people." . It means that the colorful world is dazzling, the sounds are deafening, the food makes people drool, the mind is crazy, and it is nerve-racking to have precious and rare goods. This paper summarizes the serious consequences caused by people's greed, sound, taste, smell, touch and things from six aspects. Therefore, future generations say: six clean, spotless. It is intended to teach people restraint and restrain people's greed.
Let's look at the thirteenth chapter of Laozi's Tao Te Ching: "Being humiliated is shocking." We can see that the root of "great shame" lies in "having a body for me", and the root of "having a body for me" lies in the fact that people's minds can't be as clean, clear and transparent as water, and they attach too much importance to individuals and their fame and fortune. If you are indifferent to the world, you will remain quiet and simple, and you will have less selfish desires. How can you be "if you are in trouble?"
Therefore, purifying the mind can make the self consciously adhere to self-reflection, always check the greed of the self and curb the unreasonable thoughts of the self. A pure mind is the source of continuous sober understanding.
Show your life as much as you can.
Lao Zi's Thought on Reading Model 6 Lao Zi, also known as Tao Te Ching, is the basic work of Taoism in the pre-Qin period, and it is said that it was written by Lao Dan of Chu in the Warring States Period. Laozi's speech represented his opposition to the political and traditional political and social systems at that time.
First, Lao Zi's understanding of Tao and morality. Lao Tzu called the universal principle of creating everything in the world "Tao", and Lao Tzu believed that the function of Tao was involuntary and natural. Everything becomes everything because of Tao. The first chapter of Laozi said: "Tao can be Tao, but extraordinary;" The name can be named. It's very famous. The beginning of the nameless world, the mother of all things. Therefore, there is often nothing and I want to see its wonders; Often, I want to see it. Both of them have different names. They are both called Xuan. Mysterious and mysterious, the gate of Wan Qi. " This is Lao Tzu's general understanding of Tao. In Laozi's view, "Tao" is something that can't be seen, heard, touched or floated. Tao, invisible and formless, is the only existence in the universe, and "nature" is the "beginning of all things", the ultimate reality and the root of all things. In essence, Tao is indefinable and unspeakable. It cannot be defined by any object, and it is difficult for us to express its characteristics in words. Laozi also has many names for Tao, including "nothing", "simplicity" and "one". Tao is an infinite state and the source of all things. "Tao" is not immutable, but in the process of continuous cyclic change, Tao can also be regarded as the mutual transformation of the opposing forces, things and principles of Yin and Yang. On the two concepts of "being" and "nothing", Lao Tzu thinks that nothing is for the existence of concrete things, so all are equal to zero or nothing. "Nothing is like, nothing is like" is Lao Tzu's description of Tao's "nothing".
Second, Lao Tzu's view on the change of everything in the universe. Laozi believes that the changing law of things can be "unchangeable". "Chang" has universal and permanent significance, so "Dao" can also be called "Chang Dao". The "virtue" except the conventional road can be called "Changde". If praised as "nothing", it can be called "often nothing"; Being praised as "you" can also be called "Chang". Laozi believes that "knowing the routine makes you clear", and people who know the routine can be called public if they regulate their daily behavior according to the routine and do not easily seek personal gain for themselves. "Knowing what is normal" means obeying, which can also be called "attacking the Ming Dynasty" or "learning what is normal". And if you don't know the law of things changing in the universe, you will violate the law and act arbitrarily, which is not conducive to the normal development of things. The change of things has a great feature, that is, when a thing develops to the extreme, it will inevitably develop in the opposite direction. Laozi called it "anti" or "complex". Therefore, Lao Tzu has the saying that "the world is the softest and the strongest" and "the world is not weaker than water, and the strong can't win". Laozi is the founder of Taoist school, and his thoughts have a great influence on later generations. His exposition of "Tao" embodies simple dialectics. In the communication with people, the ideas of "no profit" and "no dispute" have a certain effect on relieving people's pressure in the highly competitive modern society.
I read Laozi's book during the holiday, but I can't understand it. I can only say that I have some feelings and understanding. Although Laozi is not an article devoted to education, it still contains many ideas about education. Far-reaching, thought-provoking, often read often new.
Turning Laozi's thought into education is the thought of natural education. Laozi advocates doing nothing and letting nature take its course, which is similar to Rousseau's natural education thought. According to Laozi's understanding, education should go with the flow and not overemphasize subjective will. Teachers' authority should not be perceived by children, which is the best teacher-student relationship. Both teachers and students should be in a humble position. Only in this way can teaching be carried out better. Teachers should respect the development law of students. Respect the way of nature. These ideas should be critically inherited in our time.
In our teaching, if the child is absent-minded in class, of course, he can directly criticize: "So-and-so, pay attention to the lecture!" Honest and timid people may be startled and sit down quickly, but they may relapse after a while; Rebellious people may look pale and even mutter. Although the teacher is well-intentioned, it has become an evil thought in the students' hearts, and the atmosphere in the classroom is filled with a strong smell. Sometimes students talk back to the teacher in class, and everyone can't get off the stage. The students must be wrong, but wouldn't it be better if the teacher praised the students next to him to remind them of being absent-minded, or asked them to answer a question in an absent-minded way, which is also a criticism reminder, turn a corner, and everyone is calm and peaceful with each other?
Laozi believes that everything is complementary to each other, and we should look at the problem dialectically. As the saying goes, fortunes depend on each other, and many things in life should be normal and let nature take its course. Furthermore, we should regard every encounter in life as a process of life growth, and turn the spirit and energy in the encounter into our own life experience. Treat life with a good attitude and don't care too much about the gains and losses of honor and disgrace. In this way, we can achieve something by doing nothing, and no one can argue with it by not arguing.
Lower your head and think quietly. Students should answer according to my thinking and ask and solve problems according to my baton. Will they still feel the joy of seeking knowledge?
Education should follow the law, as the Tao Te Ching said: "Everything returns to its origin. After all, it means to be quiet and call me back. When you answer your life, you will know that it is often clear. " Everything has its roots. Follow it quietly and peacefully, wait for it and conform to it. When it comes to education, I don't think it's urgent or impetuous, just do my best and let nature take its course.
Growth is a slow process, and education is also a slow process, just as Laozi said, "Tao is hasty and useless." There are many places in the book from natural phenomena to social truth. This paper discusses that the monarch mainly lives under the people because the sea lives under all rivers and accommodates all rivers. In today's daily life, we gradually lose this sensitivity. We lack the ability to see the truth in detail. This is an insight, an understanding and an explanatory power, which needs to be exercised in daily life.