The South Asian Guard is the Sixteen Guards, that is, the National Army. The Tang Dynasty implemented the "officer-and-soldier system". Among the "Sixteen Guards of Nanya", except for the left and right cattle guards and the left and right jailers, the former "Twelve Guards" all came from afar with soldiers of the National Government.
The imperial army of Beiya gradually developed from the "North Gate Tunying" to the "Sixth Army of Beiya", the most famous of which was the "Yulin Army". The imperial army of Beiya is the emperor's private army, which is a "recruiting army" and is commanded by the emperor's cronies.
The guards of the northern and southern officials guarded the palace and the capital and contained each other. However, after the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the "Nanya government soldiers" gradually declined, and the "Beiya imperial army" gradually became the only support of the central government. [Edit this paragraph] The predecessor of Qianniuwei can be traced back to the Northern Dynasties.
The name of "Petunia tail" began in the Tang Dynasty, and its official name is "Left and Right Petunia tail". At that time, the "Left and Right Thousand Cow Guards" were two of the "Sixteen Guards" in Nanya, Tang Dynasty. They are not in charge of the government soldiers, but are responsible for "staying with the imperial knife" and are the personal bodyguards of the emperor's inner circle.
After the late Tang Dynasty, with the disintegration of the "government soldier system" and the decline of "Nanya Sixteen Guards", "Zuoyou Qianniuwei" gradually became an empty name and a part of the virtual title. The Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty are all the same. [Edit this paragraph] The origin of the name "Niu Qian" has such a causal relationship:
One thousand knives-> one thousand cows ready-> one thousand cows guard
Qianniudao
"Zhuangzi Health Master" said: "Kun Ding solves thousands of cows, if the blade is new."
Therefore, there is a kind of self-defense imperial knife that the emperor carries with him, which is called "Thousand Bullies Knife". Its name is Zhuangzi, which means "Sharp can kill a thousand cows".
The record of the appearance of "Thousand Knives" can be seen earlier in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. Xiao Zixian (his grandson, about 489-537 AD) wrote the Book of the Southern Qi Dynasty: "Yufu (Yang Yufu) conspired with his party member Chen and other 25 people to kill King Cangwu (meaning" post-emperor "in the Southern Song Dynasty) at the felt house." It's about a famous court coup: In the middle of the night of July 7, the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty (AD 477), Yang Yufu and Yang Wannian sneaked into Renshou Hall and killed the emperor with their magic knives while Liu Yu was asleep.
Get the body ready
Later, during the Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty, a kind of senior guard appeared, which was not only responsible for the safety of the emperor, but also held the imperial knife "a thousand knives". This kind of guard is "a thousand cows bring their own".
Qian Niu Wei Shi
At first, when "a thousand cows for health" appeared, it seemed that there was no special organization to lead these military officers. Later, in the middle of Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty, "leading the left and right" appeared, which probably meant leading "a thousand cows for health". Later, the names of the institutions that commanded "Thousands of Cows Preparing for War" changed constantly. In the fifth year of Tang Gaozong's Xianqing (AD 660), it was called "Left and Right Thousand Cows House", and in the first year of Tang Zhongzong's Shenlong (AD 705), it was changed to "Left and Right Thousand Cows Guards".
From this point of view, "Qianniuwei" was named after commanding the imperial military attache "Qianniubei". [Edit this paragraph] Historical origin .....................................................................................................................................................................
Rough sketch: lead the left and right courtyards-> lead the left and right courtyards-> prepare for the body-> lead the left and right courtyards-> lead the left and right courtyards-> serve Vision Wei-> lead Qianniuwei.
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If the emergence of the organization responsible for "preparing thousands of cows for health" is regarded as the origin of "Qianniuwei", then the history of "Qianniuwei" can be traced back to the Northern Dynasties.
Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534)
"A Thousand Cows Preparing for War" appeared at the latest in the early years of Xuan Wudi in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Together with "General Wuwei", he was the emperor's confidant, and Xuan Wudi "placed him on the left and right" and "forbidden people and had no scruples". Organizationally, it may belong to the "leading general" with "General Naoko".
By the middle of Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuan Cha, a leading general, was good at politics and established an "ally". Inferred from the system of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties, after the emergence of the left and right champions, the left and right champions and the thousand cows are likely to be subordinate, that is, the thousand cows are subordinate to the left and right champions.
At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the leadership and establishment of Qianniu may not have been fully institutionalized, and it was not clearly stipulated in relevant official decrees. Nevertheless, the system of receiving and preparing thousands of cattle around the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty still had an important influence on later generations. The Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty all inherited this system and adjusted it according to the new situation.
Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties
During the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, "a thousand oxen were prepared for life" was governed by "left and right main halls" ("left and right main generals"), but the "left and right main halls" were relatively independent, and the "main halls" could not control "a thousand oxen were prepared for life".
Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty
The record of "a thousand cows preparing for life" in the Western Wei Dynasty is only found in a few sporadic records in Zhou Shu, Sui Shu and other places, which only shows its existence and cannot obtain more information.
In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the imperial guards were divided into two systems: left and right Gongbo and left and right Wu Bo, among which there was no place for "a thousand cows to prepare for famine". However, there are three biographies in "Sui Shu" that mention that its owner once held the post of "a thousand oxen to prepare for famine" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which is doubtful here.
Sui dynasty
At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, the system of Northern Zhou Dynasty was reformed, and twelve counties were set up to lead the guards. There is a unity of "left and right leadership, left and right politics" and "a thousand cows are healthy". In the eighteenth year of his reign, the emperor set up a left and right temple. In the third year of the Great Cause (607), Emperor Yang Di changed the Zodiac into the Zodiac and the Four Zodiac, which were collectively called the Sixteen Zodiac or the Sixteen Courtyard (later generations used to call it the Sixteen Zodiac). At this time, the original "left and right standby rooms" were changed to left and right guards, while the "left and right leading rooms" were changed to new "left and right standby rooms", which unified "thousands of cows prepare themselves".
[This history is a bit odd.
The historical materials we can rely on are: Sui Shu, Volume 28, Record, Volume 23? 6? 1 Guan Baixia: "In the eighteenth year of the emperor, it was prepared as a sports house", "In the third year of the great cause, it was prepared as a left-right guard" and "changed the left and right houses into left and right sports houses"; Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, Volume 24? 6? 1 Zhu Wei: "Give it to Emperor Yang Di and change the left and right guards to the left and right guards; Find a leopard riding the name of the left and right guards, and don't prepare yourself. "
This raises several questions:
1. What is the function of the "Left and Right Treasury" established in the 18th year of Emperor Kai? Command "thousands of cows prepare themselves" and "prepare yourself"? The history is not detailed, but it seems so.
2. If the guess is true, what did the "left and right leaders and left houses" do in the same period? Is it true that the unified part of the two governments lies in "preparation" and "preparation"?
3. After three years of great cause (607), why did you change the original "left and right body preparation" to "left and right guards"? If it originally commanded "preparing a thousand cows" and "preparing for life", what was the subsequent ownership of these officers? Just transfer directly to the new "left and right reserve room"? Why "don't prepare yourself"? ]
the Tang Dynasty
According to the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and the General Classics, it can be seen that in Zhenguan, (the left and right houses are the body) are reduced to the left and right houses; After five years of celebration, Niu Qian's home was established. In the second year of Longshuo, he changed the government to Wei. In the first year of Shenlong, it was changed to Qianniuwei.
After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the "officer system" gradually disintegrated, the power center gradually shifted from "Nanya" to "Beisi", and "Nanya Sixteen Guards" gradually declined, becoming a phantom, and "Qianniuwei" was no exception.
★★★★ Qianniuwei Office of Tang Dynasty 【 Click the picture below to see a larger image 】:
Qianniuwei office Chu
the Five Dynasties
Virtual title. Countries came from the vassals, and the original Sixteen Guards of the Sixth Army (the Sixth Army in North Asia and the Sixteen Guards in South Asia) no longer existed, but all countries had set the names of the Sixteen Guards of the Sixth Army of the Tang Dynasty (just "names"), and these names were not cancelled until the end of the Jin Dynasty. More detailed information is temporarily unavailable.
Song dynasty; surname
By the Northern Song Dynasty, the system of officers and men had already collapsed, and "Nanya Sixteen Guards" no longer existed. It's just to use the name of Datang Sixteen Guards to set up the Sixteen Guards of "Sanitation Officer". However, "Sixteen Guards" in Song Dynasty is just an empty title. Because it is not a functional organization, there are only "generals, generals, generals" and other official positions, without functions, powers, soldiers and quotas.
The first six guards each have a corps commander and a corps commander (there is no "left and right Niu Wei"). Above the general, the imperial clan and the minister of martial arts are all gifts; Below the general, as a military official, he is responsible for the dismissal of officials. It stopped at the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. Placed in Song Xiaozong Longxing Middle School.
There are several kinds of people who are usually awarded sanitation officials:
1. Our retired generals are generally awarded sanitation generals or generals. Such as Xing Wu and Yang.
2. The demoted general officer. Cao Bin, for example, went to Tian Ping to be our health officer after Gou's defeat.
3. The monarch of a small country captured by the United War. For example, Li Yuguo, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, broke the Song Dynasty and was captured in Bianjing, where he was appointed as the right general of Niu Qianwei by Song Taizu. Zhou Baoquan, a native of Hunan, is also known as General You Wei.
4. People like Ma Xu and Guo Jiu. For example, Wang, Wang Shenqi's eldest son, named General, married the princess to him, which was also an engagement made after drinking a glass of wine.
It can be seen that the "Left and Right Cow Guards", as the second of the "Sixteen Guards", was not a functional organization in the Song Dynasty, but a virtual title, which was once used to surrender the monarch.
Liao Jinyuan
Liao and Jin also set the title of Sixteen Guards of the Sixth Army, which was cancelled after the Yuan Dynasty. The specific situation is temporarily unknown. [Edit this paragraph] Organizational composition and responsibilities Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties
Eastern Wei and Northern Qi led local governments.
Take about a general (from the third grade) and prepare a thousand cows (from the sixth grade).
There are also left and right officers and deputy commanders, left and right officers, left and right officers.
There are also commanders and deputies with swords, five with swords, five with swords and five with swords.
There is also a vice governor and five staff members.
(Left and right preparation, sword preparation, preparation, etc. They are all born with four products, and the lieutenant is born with five products).
There are generals in Beiqi, and the details are temporarily missing.
Sui dynasty
Sui led the government to run around.
A general and two generals were in charge of guarding the imperial war.
Lead a thousand cows, prepare twelve people, and hold a thousand knives; Prepare twelve people around, and prepare the royal sword and arrow in your hands; Prepare sixty men to guard. (Thousands of cows are prepared for the body, and they are prepared for the left and right, which is six products; Prepare yourself, from eight products)
Zuoyou, Sima, Clerk, Cang Bing, Cao Can, Cao Xing.
In the third year of Daye (607), Yang Di changed the left and right halls into left and right halls.
Each has his own body, and one will be prepared. There are also two people, Naozhai's assistant Lang Jiang, who are in charge of guarding.
Jiang Lang and Zhi Zhai each have about 0/000 cows per kloc, and the division shoots about 0/6 cows per kloc, all of which are six products. Thousands of cows hold a thousand knives to watch the night, and the company shoots their hands as bows and arrows.
Set a long history, is six products; If Cao Cao is replaced by a division soldier, and Cao Cao is a division soldier, then there will be clerks, division soldiers, warehouses, a division soldier and other members, and they are eight products. Three people in each group, three people in each group, four people in each group, they get "small fruit". In each episode, Guo Ichiro helped the three men to fold Lang Jiang, from the four products.
In the setting of military departments, there are left military departments and right military departments (equivalent to "Eagle House" in various places), and each male officer will be used to command "Xiaoguo". Among the left and right governments, General Wu Yonglang is the deputy commander-in-chief, with the same treatment rank as Eagle Eagle and Eagle Strike. We also set up divisions and soldiers to ride the Second Bureau and joined the army.
[Note: The "Xiaoguo" here is a famous "Xiaoguo Army" in the history of the Sui Dynasty, which was originally commanded by the left and right armed forces. Later, Yang Di handed over more than 10,000 Xiaoguo guards under the jurisdiction of Sima De and the garrison government, and stationed them in Jiangdu Dongcheng to guard Jiangdu Palace. Then what happened later ...]
the Tang Dynasty
During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, he returned to the left and right, leading the government.
After five years of celebration, Niu Qian Building was established.
In the second year of Longshuo, Niu Qianfu changed to serve Vision Wei.
In the first year of Shenlong, it was changed to Qianniuwei.
There are about a thousand cattle guards, one general each (the statements of the Six Codes of the Tang Dynasty and the General Code are credible), from the doctrinal point of view; There are two corps commanders each, both of whom are below level 4. Two years of Shenlong (generally speaking; Tang Yaohui said it was "Kaya Hioki, the Year of the Loong, February 19th"). They each had a general, and they were all the best.
Thousands of cows are prepared for each 12 people. Xianheng first recovered. Hanging arch for two years, and changed to Feng Yu. Restoration of the first year of Shenlong);
About ready 12 people;
Prepare one hundred people;
The main battlefield is the One Happy and Fifty people. (The Tang Dynasty changed Qianniu to say that Qianniu was prepared for the body, and it was prepared for the main battle from the beginning. )
Subordinate officials: one is a long history, from six categories;
A clerk joined the army when he was in 8th grade;
Cao Can military products each one, is eight products;
Cao Can military products each one, is eight products;
Responsibilities:
About Qian Niuwei is a general, who is in charge of the palace guard and the ceremonial ceremony for the royal family. The general is in charge of the chief judge of Cao affairs/health affairs, and the general is the deputy. Through the judgment of national defense affairs, the corps commander is responsible for offering sacrifices to the guards and for the affairs of the general and Cao Cao.
About a thousand cows, armed with imperial knives, guards. With the help of beautiful young children from Yin Gao, embroidered with flowers and dressed in green, it is a good choice for nobles to start their careers.
Get ready, hold your bow and arrow, and stay in the province.
Prepare yourself and take care of the waiter.
There are thousands of oxen, left and right with bows and arrows to stay and defend, and the main battle is the garrison service equipment.
On the day of the reception, he was led to the temples on the left and right sides, and the attendants were listed on the left and right sides of the throne.
If you shoot at the palace, the general and the general will lead them to follow.
Where did you get a thousand cows to prepare for the exam, prepare for the exam, give classes to cows, and be promoted or demoted? The system is the same as that of Beijing officials.
Those who take a thousand oxen as the body, prepare the left and right, and worship in the temple with imperial knives are led by generals and generals, assisted by corps commanders.
Anyone who serves, straddles, talks with people, leans over, or speaks to subordinates is forbidden to shake his head and raise his hand. If there is a complaint, if the general manager bears the heavy responsibility of delivering the message and doesn't hear it, the commander will announce it.
The palm with a long history judges the affairs of Cao officials. The clerk joined the army and sent it. He checked it and lost it. I'm left-back and right-back.
A soldier Cao, a military attache, and a thousand cows prepare their bodies, their books, their honors, examinations, assumptions and salaries.
Cao Cao commanded the battle.
There are 2 19 things used to defend against war, and 300 things used to feather equipment, which are divided into thousands of cattle.
On that day, in addition to holding a knife and arrow, he also prepared a bow and arrow for accommodation.
Every month in the main battle, it is commensurate with its status. If you follow the line, you will also ride Coss. I'm with the left and right guards.
Song dynasty; surname
"Niu Qianwei" was nominal in the Song Dynasty.
There were thousands of cattle in the early Song Dynasty, which were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War of Shangshu.
Up the general, down the general, a number of generals, about 1000 cows. ) Eight people.
It is used for ceremonial ceremonies such as battles in the southern suburbs, square umbrellas and jade carpets.
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General plan of name change of chief military attache:
One thousand cows prepare themselves-> one thousand cows prepare themselves-> one thousand cows prepare themselves-> one thousand cows prepare themselves-> one thousand cows prepare themselves.
Ready left and right-> ready left and right-> shooting left and right-> ready left and right-> ready left and right.
Nothing —————————————————————————
Nothing ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— The main battle.