Ji Kang later came from a poor family and often made a living with Xiang Embroidery while the iron was hot in the shade. Your son Zhong Hui is brilliant and eloquent, but Ji Kang looks down on him. One day, Zhong will come to visit. Ji Kang ignored him and just bowed his head and worked. Zhong Hui stayed for a long time and wanted to leave. At this moment, Ji Kang said, "What did you hear?" What did you see and where did you go? "Zhong Hui grumpily replied," as soon as I heard it, I left at the sight. "Then I brushed my sleeves and left. Later, Zhong Hui hated Ji Kang's guts and often spoke ill of him in front of Si Mazhao.
Ji Kang loves music. He said in the preface: "I have a good voice, but I have lived with it for a long time, thinking that things have ups and downs, but this has not changed." The taste is boring, which is tireless. " He is very familiar with traditional and contemporary Qin Le, which can be seen from his Fu Qin.
According to Liu Ji's Qin Yi, Ji Kang learned Guangling San from Du Kui's son Dumont. Ji Kang likes this song very much and often plays it, which attracts many people to ask for advice, but Ji Kang never teaches it. After Sima Shi came to power, he refused to agree with his rule. He, Ruan Ji, Xiang Embroidery, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong were also called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" and fought against Sima Shi, who was later killed at the age of 40. Before he was executed, 3000 students pleaded for him, but they were not allowed. On his deathbed, Suoqin played this song, sighing, "Guangling is scattered today." The statue brick of Ji Kang unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, depicts the image of Ji Kang sitting on a violin, commanding and imposing.
Ji Kang is very popular. Wang Rong said that he had never seen a bad face in his twenty years of contact with him. Therefore, it left a good name of "alienation of interests and open mind"; Ji Kang, on the other hand, has the side of "just being sick in the intestine, careless and easy to do anything". His masterpiece Breaking Up with Mountain Garden and his love for Guangling San are the manifestations of his cynical and unruly character, and his contempt for Si Mazhao led to his death, which is an obvious example of this kind of integrity.
First, "Guangling San" (note) has been extinct today! "
"An Neng Bai Chen?"
-Qu Yuan's Fisherman
For hundreds of years, people have described the Wei and Jin demeanor of the seven sages of bamboo forest over and over again, praising their invasion of Wuhu, the infighting between Cao Wei Group and Sima family, and even their unique independence and elegance in the turbulent society of economic depression and boiling public grievances. However, people also lament a person over and over again to show their feelings and express their grief.
Thanks to Ji Kang, Guangling San has been immortal. Thanks to Guangling San, Ji Kang was able to sing the last elegy of his life!
Listening to Guangling San, there is a feeling of understanding life in the sound of the killing and conquest of Jin Ge Tiema, noisy and lonely, depressed and sad. But did people ever know where this song Guangling San, as a lasting legacy, sounded? !
Shi Shuo Xin Yu Liang Ya wrote:
The city sentenced me to the east city, and my attitude remained unchanged. Suoqin plays it. Play Guangling. At the end of the song, he said: "Yuan Xiaoni tried to learn this kind of sketch, but I don't agree with Jingu. Guangling sketch is absolutely out of date!"
Sad is sad, strong is strong! "The song of Guangling is dead, and the three-foot lyre is no longer played." !
I saw it. ...
Bitter wind and biting rain.
There are only a few feet and phantom of the opera on the guillotine, which looks grim and ferocious.
Ji Kang is walking towards his beloved guqin and putting it on the stage.
The horns and feathers of the palace merchants are arranged neatly. At this moment, the strings seem to be filled with some melancholy temperament, solemn as an enemy.
It never occurred to me that it became a yardstick to measure the dominance between everything and silence, past and future; A yardstick to measure the truth of human heart and life!
It never thought that the moment when the piano stopped, it was the time when the master passed away calmly.
The clank of the piano rhyme, accompanied by the dim sky of the piano, suddenly sounded. Very encouraging, very embarrassing. At that moment, I clearly saw that he was forgetful, poetic and intoxicated as if between mountains and rivers. The four piano pieces composed by Qin Jia (Ji Kang) are called "Ji's Four Pavilions", together with Cai Yong's "Cai's Five Pavilions", which are a famous group of piano pieces in ancient China. I have devoted my life to the interpretation of music, and the high-pitched singing of music has fully explained its due height for this desperate life!
"The Sri Lankan has passed away, the Yellow Crane Tower is free, white clouds are flying, and there will never be him." Before the executioner's knife fell, with this lingering aftertaste, Ji Kang's soul had already fled, broke through the hubbub, whirled in the pure blue sky, and returned life to the original vault. Guangling San has thus become Ji Kang's Requiem and the voice of life.
The unique voice also rings at the end of life and gives it to eternal death. Perhaps, this is a kind of sacrifice and ridicule to death, and perhaps it is also a kind of death-oriented rejection, so that "negative life" and "positive death" completely lose contact.
Alas, all tragic resistance stems from this "shame and charm win glory." Nature! It's been a long time. Why don't you come? What is the plan between the numbers? "Beyond. (According to Tai Ping Guang Ji, 3 17 quoted from Gui Ling Zhi)
Out of keeping watch on his own personality and clinging to his ideal, Ji Kang "preferred the straightness to the pleasure" in the ghostly "troubled times", and he would not compromise with the ruling group until his death, which eventually led to disaster; Ji Kang is brilliant, elegant and aloof, but he also has the strong feeling of "joining the WTO" as a scholar, "invigorating the platform and revitalizing the people". Unfortunately, in the end, a singer with broken strings and broken songs sang a song, which made many literati more or less disappointed and regretful. This alienation and contradiction between his own destiny and real politics, as well as this anti-mainstream individual personality in his bones, are bound to be extremely destructive, which also determines his tragic fate of not becoming the mainstream and being eliminated.
"The hero's helplessness is sentimental" is also "the hero's ending is the ending".
Ji Kang, a "Don Quixote" romantic salvation hero, "committed himself to the Lord and died as a national mourning." The spirit of the scholar-bureaucrat lasts for a long time, and the enterprise reports to the world with its unique skills, but sadly, what he faces is another desolate road to heroism? !
Sigh is only sigh. In China's long history and politics, there are few precedents in this respect? It is nothing more than "there is no hero in the world, so the vertical son is famous!"
History also recorded such a story about him:
It's a pity that the Taoist priest didn't say anything to Ji Kang when he asked him in Taihang Mountain. Ji Kang was very disappointed. He went down from the top of Taihang Mountain that day. At dusk, the trees on the mountain are bathed in the sunset glow. The tired bird came home from a distance after a day's work ... Ji Kang couldn't help it any longer, but his voice was quickly drowned out. Suddenly, he heard a long whistle coming from a distance, like the voice of nature. The sound passed through mountains, streams and jungles, and came from a distance, from a Taoist priest. It was at this time that Ji Kang's heart changed and he realized the meaning of life itself. That's the answer given to him by the Taoist priest.
Knowing life and death should not cause lotus to kill. But the fireworks and feelings in the world are so charming and persistent to him. What he didn't understand when he studied Laozi and Zhuangzi all his life was that "if there is a way in heaven, he will be an official;" If there is no way, it will be hidden. " The truth of Confucianism must be that Guangling San has been absolutely lost today! "lament and the end of the bloody guillotine. ...
Yes, "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, with many towers and misty rain." How can people see the complicated history clearly? Life and death can be achieved, but history is not like this. ...
I can't see through this strange history and I don't want to see through it. But I saw a life proposition that Ji Kang and Guangling San's story showed me-
There is a value,
Destroy the value of value.
It reveals that the existence of life is not the premise of completely evaluating everything!
Ha ha! "Phoenix, Phoenix, the past cannot be remonstrated, and those who come can still be chased!" ("Chuci Madness").
The soul is back! Ji Kang never dies, and Guangling sings!
Note: 1, Guangling San, Guqin music, also known as Guangling Stop. There are two sources. First of all, according to the records in the Warring States Policy and Historical Records, North Korean Minister Yan Zhongzi had a feud with Prime Minister Xia Lei, while Nie Zheng made friends with Yan Zhongzi. He assassinated Han Xiang for Yan Zhongzi, which showed a feeling that "a scholar knows he will die". Secondly, in "Cao Qin" written by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was said that Nie Zheng was a Korean in the Warring States Period, and his father was killed by the Korean king for casting a sword. Nie Zheng failed to avenge his father's assassination, but he was disfigured and went to the mountains to learn the piano 10 for many years. When I returned to Korea with my stunt, I didn't know anyone. So, while looking for an opportunity to enter the palace to play the piano for the South Korean king, he drew a dagger from the belly of the piano and stabbed the South Korean king to death. Of course, he himself died heroically. (This kind of cognition is widely adopted now. )
The total score of Guangling San is forty-five, which is divided into six parts: finger, minor order, major order, orthography, disorder and postorder. Zheng Zheng used to sympathize with Nie Zheng's unfortunate fate; After the affirmative voice, it expressed the praise and praise for Nie Zheng's heroic deeds. Positive voice is the main part of music, which shows the emotional development process of Nie Zheng from resentment to indignation, and profoundly depicts his revenge will of not fearing violence and preferring death to surrender. The whole song always runs through the interweaving, ups and downs, development and changes of the two theme tones. One is the theme of Zhengyin found in the second paragraph of Zhengyin; The other is the disordered theme that first appears at the end of the grand sequence: the orthodox theme is mostly at the beginning of the paragraph, highlighting its leading role. Chaotic themes are mostly used at the end of paragraphs, which makes all kinds of changing tunes come down to the same tone, which has the function of marking paragraphs and unifying the whole song. The melody of Guangling San is passionate and generous. It is the only existing Guqin music in China with a fighting atmosphere with Mao Ge, which directly expresses the fighting spirit of the oppressed against the tyrant and has high ideological and artistic quality.
2. "The so-called worship of virtue in Wei and Jin Dynasties was for personal gain. This worship is only accidental. For example, Cao Cao killed Kong Rong and Sima Yi killed Ji Kang, all because it was related to unfilial. (Note: Lu Bin, his confidant, raped his brother Lu An's wife and falsely accused Lu An of being unfilial. Ji Kang defended Lu An, so Zhong Hui took the opportunity to encourage Chair Zhao to kill him in the name of unfilial. However, Cao Cao and Sima Yi are indeed famous dutiful sons, but they just blame this name on those who are against themselves. " (Lu Xun, Wei Jin demeanor and articles and the relationship between medicine and wine)
Second, "paste self-fried, more harmful (note)"
"The blue water is clear, you can lick my tassel; The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. "
-Qu Yuan's Fisherman
Among the seven sages of bamboo forest, the only one who can be compared with Ji Kang is Ruan Ji, who is known as the "Great Sage Living in the World" (Preface to Ruan Sizong's Poems by Jin Yuzhong) and "Hundreds of generations of fragrant flowers attract all sages" (Jing Li rebuilt the monument of Ruan Sizong's Temple).
The mention of Ruan Ji naturally reminds me of wine.
Nietzsche, a tragic philosopher, said: "Artists should not look at things as they are, but should look happier, simpler and stronger. To this end, they must have a vitality and spring in their own lives, and have a permanent sense of wine. " (The Birth of Tragedy)
The biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin has a vivid explanation:
This book has the ambition to help the world. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many reasons in the world, and few celebrities owned everyone. The reason is that it has nothing to do with current events, so drinking is common. When Wendi wanted to propose to Liang Wudi, he was drunk for 60 days and couldn't stop. The clock will ask you about current events, and if you want to be guilty of it, you can get away with being drunk!
Perhaps because of the wine, is Dionysus's madness a true portrayal of Ruan Ji? Maybe just like Dionysus, will Ruan Ji's drunkenness have another meaning of his craziest?
Different from Ji Kang's affirmation, there are many opinions about the history of Ruan Ji.
There are two "crimes" that historians hate most about Ruan Ji: first, Ruan Ji wrote a note for Zheng Chong to persuade Wang Jin to surrender; Second, he was named Hou because he abolished the policy, and later he was ordered to be a spy (for policy spies, see "Returning to the Home for Public Discipline"). Ye Mengde said: "(Ruan Ji) should write a" Persuasion Form "for officials. Ji Kang should be killed with a stick if he has a heart. "
History always draws conclusions with the mainstream attitude and never asks the source!
Huang Kan told me in the preface to Huai Shi:
Ruan Gong knows Hyunri very well, and his works are full of emotion and admiration, so they are all-encompassing. Trace its poor road, drunk for ten days, Gai has been waiting for the south to face the sky, the mirror is as well as a mirror, and the great sorrow is in his arms, which is beyond the constant words, so he wrote it in poetry.
Ruan Ji is the most complicated person among the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", and his mental state is also the most subtle. He didn't die suddenly like Ji Kang's character "Jun Qi", and he didn't take refuge in Sima's house like Dan Tao, Wang Rong and Xiang Xiu, and became a big official. He doesn't hide or be an official, but he is also an official, but he doesn't really do it but perfunctory. Being cautious and self-defeating, compared with being scattered in the middle, can be described as "the whole body is far from disaster."
This is covering up history!
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was the time when the metaphysics of Confucianism, Taoism and Laozi and Zhuangzi could not compete with each other. Most of the seven sages in the bamboo forest believed in metaphysics. Ren said in the History of China's Philosophy: "They aim at the highest noumenon of the universe, and hope that self and noumenon can be integrated into one, so as to get a certain realm, settle down and fight against the reality of suffering. The noumenon they pursue is nature. " This is also advocated by Ji Kang. "The more famous, the more natural." Said. Ideologically, they are undoubtedly marginalized and alien. Therefore, it is the only way for them to express their personal feelings by not satisfying their talents, indulging in landscapes and enjoying what is in the cup. "I hate low altitude, and Dapeng can't fly high." It goes without saying, what kind of sad mood is this? In fact, Ruan Ji was not alone in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Xun is in the front and behind. Being born in troubled times and knowing what not to do is a kind of helplessness, pain and sorrow of Taoism, which can be understood after criticism? I deeply understand him, the disappointed hero!
The chaotic and cruel real life forces people to make a dilemma, either silence or resistance. Ji Kang chose the latter and Ruan Ji chose the former. Ruan Ji began to pursue a Zhuangzi-style spiritual realm from Confucianism to Taoism. "Inherit the beauty of the world, the degree of Hida Festival". Suffering from illness, short life, political intrigue and sinister official career constitute his greatest sense of hardship in his life. "But hatred, soul gas gone with the wind. Life is like walking on thin ice, but I am anxious. " Is its true portrayal. He had no choice but to go back to his inner world, drink it every day and "live somewhere else" drunk.
There is also a story about Ruan Ji drinking wine:
Filial piety At the end of my life, I was playing Go with someone else. I wanted to stop it and let it gamble. Then he drank two barrels, raised the number one, and vomited blood for several liters. And will be buried, eat a steamed nap, drink two glasses of wine, and then recite the formula, bluntly say that you are poor, and raise a champion, because you vomited several liters of blood, which destroyed the barren bones, almost destroyed them.
The more people lose the meaning of life, the more they have deep feelings for life and even the world, which is most likely to be transformed into a unique aesthetic treatment of life.
How painful Ruan Ji is can be seen from vomiting blood. He doesn't want to go with the flow, and he lacks the courage to challenge Sima Group politically or draw a clear line, so for Ruan Ji, drunkenness may be the best way to get rid of political difficulties. Therefore, the decadent life shown by the depression in his bones may also be his deepest life. This contradiction has deepened his pain, and this pain has continued. Although he is in Sima Group, he is still attached to the Cao Wei regime and still sympathizes with the people and the country in the world. He is a wanderer, a wanderer of his own. Generally speaking, it is different from the kind of scholar who cares about the country and the people, carries forward the burden, and aims at self-cultivation and ruling the country and the world. Travelers hold a game attitude towards reality and life. The works of refugees in Wei and Jin Dynasties at the end of Han Dynasty all originated from the literati's understanding of life and death and their "consciousness" of life consciousness. Ruan Ji is like this, but it is different from this. He showed his true feelings. Beneath his broad-minded appearance, he witnessed the chaos in troubled times. He felt great pain in the face of his friend's beheading. What can he do except laugh and cry? Is history too hard on him?
If "Breaking Up with Juyuan Mountain" brought honor to Ji Kang, then Ruan Ji suffered the biggest misunderstanding because of "Notes on Zheng Chong's Persuading the King of Jin", which is a tragedy of Ruan Ji and also a tragedy of history. Why did he leave such ink marks? It's not that you don't write without foundation, but the whole section itself? But everything is contrary to imagination. If history can be designed by people, it is no longer history. Then the news of death came. According to historical records, He, who should have been favored by letters, died in this letter a month or two later. ! Such a short time distance, I have to associate death with letters. Perhaps it is not impossible to guess that he deeply regrets himself because of his words against his will; Perhaps "admonishing the King of Jin for Zheng Chong" became a temporary protector of his life and a reminder of his death. Is this fate, or is it creation that makes people? The logic of history sometimes loses its rigor under the threat of power. There is no need to study my unreasonable historical conjecture for the time being. People are white when they die. When a person dies, everything will be empty. Finally, due to depression, Ruan Ji died in Jingyuan for four years.
Scholars are responsible for the world! Swear to be responsible for the world! This is the highest goal of literati in past dynasties, and it is also the basic understanding of Chinese people in real society. And Ruan Ji didn't? All he can feel is sadness and desolation. Just as I sigh for Ji Kang's death, Ruan Ji should also be lamented. The subtle and obscure life track, let it flow without turbidity, can only make Ruan Ji drunk and dream of death, and sing poetry all his life, sighing that "the villain counts his merits, the gentleman knows his usual way, and sings poetry without fear of death." Die of old age.
I think ...
Ruan Ji is famous for his drunkenness, and Ji Kang is famous for his silence. Ruan Ji was drunk to avoid disaster, and Ji Kang was slaughtered by the sound of silence. The experiences of those who achieve the same goal through different routes are so different!
If life takes a step forward from Ruan Ji's Drunk, it is Ji Kang's Guangling San, and if life takes a step back from Ji Kang's Guangling San, it is Ruan Ji's Drunk. This retreat is actually a road to life and death!
What a pity! Unfortunately, they were born in the wrong age, and a generation of romantic figures just vanished. The living are hidden in psychedelic, and the dead are melted into the sky, leaving endless frustrations for future generations. ...
Count as a postscript
Looking back, almost no regime has rejected all its celebrities. Every regime in its birth, development and construction of different periods, are inseparable from the participation and support of celebrities. Any regime needs a large number of literati to wave flags and shout for it (from giving up three officials and six ministers under the emperor of Qin, Han and Wu to the democratic parties participating in and discussing state affairs at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China). But correspondingly, celebrities must take the recognition of the legitimacy of the regime as the premise, otherwise they will become heretics and be subject to Tatars.
In fact, history has also proved that no celebrity can get rid of the supervision and control of the regime (just as the East Factory and the West Factory were to Lindong party member, and the Empress Dowager Cixi was to the six gentlemen of the 1898 Movement). Even celebrities who are not opposed to the regime and purely pursue personal freedom (many intellectuals in New China, such as Chen and Shen Congwen, etc. ) will be highly vigilant from the regime owners, and they will be hit by a little wind and rain. "On the side of the couch, there is no room for others to sleep soundly." What's more, they always think that this is a centrifugal force different from others! Therefore, in a society dominated by feudal autocracy and imperial power, most of the literati in China do nothing, and the literati with real conscience are more vulnerable to such disasters.
"Don't laugh at the stupidity of the world because of the same dream." Who means ancient and modern times are different, and different generations can be in tune? ' "! Taking history as a mirror, isn't the different endings of Ji Kang and Ruan Ji in the gloomy feudal totalitarian society a true and bitter portrayal of the living conditions of China literati?
(Produced on the evening of July 10, 2003)
Note: "Love Poems: The Sixth"
References:
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