Although Dai Junheng died in his forties, his works can well reflect his creative ideas and show his literary value. He cares about people's livelihood, advocates donating school and raising money for the relief of the people, which embodies Tongcheng writers' progressive thoughts of observing and understanding people's feelings, sharing their worries for the people and worrying about the country and the people. "Jun heng studied at an early age, unwilling to be useless. Every time I worry about my country and people, I live alone in other places, hear and see the pros and cons of a province and a county, and I have to write a composition to express my own gains and losses. Father and teacher were afraid of getting into trouble, so they had to burn the manuscript. Entering the capital is not the same as having a private spokesman. It is not difficult to read, and one has to succeed. If the country has no security, the people will rule. " (Shangluo Jiaosheng's book, Wei Jingshan's pavilion, Wen Chaojuan III) The text is touching. He cares about education and has rich experience. Besides teaching extensively in Tongxiang Academy, he also gave advice to Luo Jiaosheng. He warned his friends: "Every time you go to a province, instructors should carefully check the itinerary of lifelong learning. The wise, the unscrupulous, and the wicked are all heard, and the interviews are true, and they are rewarded and punished respectively. Instructors who don't pay attention to talent and have poor grades in Chinese exams are not true, or they will take part in work and disturb tributes. Bagong No.1 takes the interview taste first, not the current fine print writing first. " (ditto) Only by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude can people who are "officials" pay attention to the study of the world first! "
(ditto) can train useful talents for the country.
Dai Equilibrium studied Fang Bao and Liu Da of Tongcheng School. Yao Nai and others, and long-term learning, inherited and carried forward the literary creation thought of Tongcheng School, which was appreciated by people at that time and affirmed by later generations. Zeng Guofan commented on him and said: "Tongcheng has Dai Jun, who has lived in a stable village for a long time and devoted himself to others, thinking that he should defend his city first." After entering, there was no concession. "(Preface to Ouyang Ji) Liu Shengmu, a close friend, commented on him as follows:" I have been studying for the longest time, and I have been influenced by China's ancient literature and wise literature, and my energy is absolutely unique. I asked Song Wushu to make it clear; Seeking classics to enrich their studies; Looking for history to expand knowledge. The classics of poetry and prose can be seen in the world. Youzi said that his arts and sciences can't gather all the facts, that God can't be transported in the air, that qi can't be turbid inside, and that taste can't stay outside, so he gave birth to Fang Bao and Liu Da. Yao Nai hometown, dare not bear the responsibility of ancient prose. "("Tongcheng literature origin? Writing textual research) The biography of Qing history says: "What you do is to win by talent. First of all, talent, followed by good morality and practical things. After the funeral, I am happy to talk about things and praise the article of loyalty. " Mr. Zhang Shunhui said, "Jun Heng's understanding of talents is far less than that of Fang and Yao. His words are too weak to shake. Although I want to shoulder the responsibility of defending morality after Fang Shudong, it is not enough to shoulder the heavy responsibility of gentleness and gentleness, and it is just an empty theory. " (Don't record the anthology of Qing Dynasty? Wei Jingshan Guan Wenchao), because of his short life and lack of creative experience and life experience, his contribution to prose creation can't be compared with that of Fang and Yao, but he left many works with great historical and literary value, and his position in the development history of Tongcheng School can't be ignored. He is the author of four volumes of Wei Jingshan Pavilion Wen Chao, three volumes of Wei Jingshan Pavilion Wen Chao, six volumes of Wei Jingshan Pavilion Shi Chao, four volumes of Wei Jingshan Pavilion Ji Chao, two volumes of Bus Diary, two volumes of Letters, one or seven volumes of Calligraphy Addendum and six volumes of Doubts on Book Biography.
In addition, Dai Equilibrium has done a lot of hard work to preserve Tongcheng School's works and its influence in the literary world. For example, he dared to take the world by storm, was killed in Dai Mingshi, and the website of the Qing court was tight. He collected Dai Mingshi's lost articles and compiled them into the Collected Works of Mr. Xu Qian, which provided valuable handed down materials for future generations to study Dai Mingshi and Tongcheng School. Will he meet Sue again? Yuan revised the Anthology, co-edited Tongcheng with Fang Zongcheng, an important writer of Tongcheng School, and co-edited Tongxiang Ancient Poems with his friend Wen Hanguang. Through his efforts, many precious works of sages were handed down from generation to generation, and later published and engraved. These not only reflect his inheritance and development of the literary theory thought founded by Tongcheng writers, but also reflect his efforts and contributions to the preservation and dissemination of rural xian literary works. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Dongxiang, Nanxiang and Xixiang in Tongcheng successively established academies. In the twenty years of Daoguang (1840), local scholars in empty cities such as Ju Kui, Dai Equalization and Cheng Enshu actively rushed to build academies. Because Kongcheng Han belongs to Tongxiang, it is called Tongxiang Academy.
At the beginning of the preparation, more than a dozen directors were selected, 9,000 strings of 9,820 articles were raised, 5 houses were built and more than a dozen properties were bought. Knowledgeable, he fully supported the establishment of Tongxiang Academy. Wu Yichen, a native of Beixiang at that time, was a typical representative. "The people in the village offered to build Tongxiang Academy, and your respect just donated 300,000 yuan. You feel sorry, please add100,000 yuan. " (Wei Jingshan Pavilion "Wen Chao" Volume 4) In the autumn of the twenty-first year of Daoguang, the official enrollment began. The purpose of running an academy is to revitalize the style of writing and broaden education. "The stacks are elegant, and the wind and cloud open the foundation of the discipline." The daily affairs of the college are managed by several directors. The teaching contents of the academy are mainly four books and five classics, poetry and ethics. The academy system is rigorous, the procedures are orderly, the rewards and punishments are clear, and the measures are powerful. Test the teaching effect and evaluate students' achievements, and divide them into three grades: high, low and good through large classes, small classes and scattered questions. The college stipulates that there are two major classes every year (once in spring and once in autumn), with the spring class scheduled in February 15 and the autumn class scheduled in September 15. Generally speaking, half a month before the class starts, the directors of the college invite the county magistrate to personally inspect it, or two days before the class starts, ask the county magistrate to issue a paper seal and stamp it, and then make it public in class. The content of the examination is clearly defined, that is, four books and one article, one poem for trial and one solution for the law. And shengchang are separate. Everyone who takes the exam will get two refreshments. When handing in the papers, every student will get a 30% discount. Directors post the announcement date of the results outside the college, and students can check the course papers and know the results on time. The examination paper will be examined by a special person. After reading, the county magistrate or prestigious township head will designate A and B. Those with excellent grades will be awarded 65,438+06,000 pence, and the poems written by the first 65,438+00 students whose grades are better than those written by student inspectors and students will be compiled and printed by the college.
In addition to big classes, there are small classes and scattered questions in college exams. The number of small classes is uncertain, the examination papers are graded by county teachers or rural talents, and the awards for outstanding students are halved according to the standard of large classes. In addition to the first month of the lunar calendar, the twelfth month and the spring and autumn classes, the composition class is held once a month. Because of the vast land and inconvenient transportation, it is difficult for children to concentrate on exams every month. The college adopts a flexible way, setting up scattered exams, distributing the first proposition of each month to various gathering places (usually setting up a gathering place as a temporary test site within 20 miles, usually in a quiet Zen forest), and focusing on reading on the 25th of each month. Those who are among the best in grades will be rewarded with pen and paper, and those who are among the best many times will be interviewed in class, which is really a real talent and great reward. Every year after the township entrance examination, we will stop small classes and add a decisive subject. The day before the final exam, the health supervisor went to the college to register, and went to the hospital early the next morning to take the exam. Please ask the county magistrate to draw up the test questions in advance, take strict management measures such as "sealing", "sitting on the number" and "floating the ticket", and try to make them public in class to prevent fraud. The content of the exam is the same as that of the class. After the examination, the test paper will be sealed and sent to the county magistrate to identify A and B, or to the academy for grading. The top 10 winners will receive the bonus: first prize 1 beam; Second and third prize tattoo silver 8 money; Fourth and fifth prize tattoo silver 6 money; Six to ten winners each won the 4 yuan tattoo fee. After the college started, the students dispersed on their own. Those who want to be hospitalized must bring their own ointment. If students exceed grade three times in the class exam and boys are in the top three times 10, 5 yuan will be given a monthly subsidy as a reward.
The college also stipulates that health supervisors take rural examinations and subsidize the experimental funds, with a maximum of 30 thousand articles per subject per person. Once every three years, there are five classes in the college after the rural examination. Students who fail to fully attend the main courses of the college will be deducted according to the number of absentees. All subsidies will be paid by the director to the health supervisor who takes the exam in Jinling. In the case of Cohen's year, the amount of subsidy for experimental funds depends on the income of the college that year.
Tongxiang Academy was founded less than three years ago, with a wide range of apprentices, outstanding achievements and outstanding reputation. In the thirty years of Daoguang, Dr. Luo Yan, the general logistics officer, was invited by Dai Equilibrium to write "Tongxiang Academy" in Beijing, saying:
At the age of 30, he served as an inspector in Tongcheng, Anhui Province, guiding Ma to settle in with a new issue of Tongxiang Academy Art. Those who read his articles have elegant and correct methods, abide by his preface and examples, know how to manage all priests in the reformatory, worship orthodox knowledge only in their work and are willing to praise it. Since it is a second edition of Tongxiang Academy Records, please remember it, but I didn't think about it. Geng Shouchun, a scholar in Dai Lai, is a pleasure to me. Born to create Tongxiang Academy. Reading and recording in my spare time, I know that Tongxiang is a corner of Tongcheng governing the north, with tens of thousands of fireworks, and its people are eager to learn and worship Suntech. Let nature take its course, the arrow is on the string, and in a few years, culture and education are remarkable. If it is beneficial to the talents in rural schools, it is not obvious! Today, there are academies in Xiafu, Prefectures, halls and counties, which teach scholars, but people who teach poetry, Confucian classics and history in today's times are different. Those who study history also collect notes, regardless of whether they hide words or not, and seek to explain the way of sages to all students, so as to observe the foundation of chaos through mirrors, practice self-cultivation, learn how to make things clear and practical, and learn a thousand things and three things. Tongcheng is not far from many Confucian scholars, such as Wang Xi and Jichuan. Now he is taught by a saint, so he should be a priest. Scholars are literati because they are different from the secular. I also look at Chizai. Dai Sheng's four statements, namely, selecting mountains, offering sacrifices to the country's saints, teaching lessons and collecting books, show that those who know how to be honest and how to encourage themselves to encourage the villagers are consistent with teaching. Those who are afraid of knowing this matter have been instructed by Comrade Dai Sheng or Dai Sheng alone. People who travel to school may not all believe it, so they admire it. It's for words. Book to Dai Sheng, meaning something. He insisted on using this idea to guide the people of Sri Lanka.
Luo Yan, Shunde, April 30th year of Daoguang.
As can be seen from the inscription, Luo Yan is very familiar with Tongcheng's cultural education and has high hopes for Tongxiang Academy. In the following years, Tongxiang Academy trained many talents for the north of the county and its surrounding areas, and it was famous at that time. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the academy was destroyed by soldiers. In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), the villagers bought a house, named it, and converted it into an academy. The students are the same as before. With the rise of new learning, in the second year after the abolition of the imperial examination system, that is, the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Tongxiang Academy was transformed into a public Tongxiang higher primary school. Tongxiang Academy has a history of running a school for decades, which has trained a large number of rural talents and written a glorious page in the history of Tongcheng education. Today, there are still plaques in Chaoyang Building of Tongxiang Academy and inscriptions in Tongxiang Academy. The Chaoyang Building of Tongxiang Academy has been announced as a key cultural relic protection unit.