2 "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": iron bar hammer 2. 1 Pinyin name Tiě Bànɡ Chuí
2.2 iron bar hammer alias: 800 bars, iron cow seven, and a branch of Artemisia in the snow.
2.3 iron bar hammer. Aconitum sichuanense and Aconitum flavum of Aconitum of Ranunculaceae are used as root tubers. Harvest in autumn, remove fibrous roots, wash and dry.
2.4 Sexual taste is bitter, pungent and warm. There is a big poison.
2.5 Functions are mainly used for expelling wind, relieving pain, removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and detoxifying. Used for rheumatic joint pain, lumbago and leg pain, and traumatic injury; Externally used for the treatment of lymph node tuberculosis (unbroken) and carbuncle.
2.6 The usage and dosage of iron bar hammer is 2 ~ 5%, which is ground into powder and taken with cold boiled water; Appropriate amount for external use, grinding powder or juice or decocting, and washing the affected area.
2.7 Pay attention to the taboos of pregnant women. Avoid hot diet, alcohol and cigarettes within 2 hours after taking the medicine.
2.8 Note (1) If it is poisoned, it can be decocted in water and cooled.
2.9 Excerpted from the National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine
3 "Chinese Materia Medica" and "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine": iron bar hammer 3. 1 from Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine.
3.2 Pinyin name mention Bànɡ Chu Yi
3.3 English name root of pending monkshood, root of yellow monkshood
3.4 alias of iron bar hammer: kusnezoff monkshood, iron cow seven, and a branch of Artemisia in the snow.
3.5 Source: Cynanchum komarovii and Cynanchum komarovii of Ranunculaceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. Aconitum sichuanense. ] 2. Aconitum flavum. Maz. [Giram maximum of nine-clover. ]
Collection and storage: collected in July and August. Take out the stem seedlings, wash them and dry them.
3.6 Original Form 1. Iron bar hammer, perennial herb, height 30 100cm. The tuberous root is inverted cone-shaped and brown. Stems erect, unbranched or branched, glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent in upper part. Leaves alternate; The leaves at the lower part of the stem wither when flowering; Petiole 45 mm long, upper leaves almost sessile; The leaves are broadly ovoid, with a length of 3.45.5cm and a width of 4.55.5cm. They are 3-divided, and the whole leaves are nearly pinnately divided twice. The last leaf is linear, with a width of 12.2mm and no hair on both sides. Raceme terminal, 7.520 cm long, inflorescence axis and pedicel densely yellow pubescent; Lower bracts leaflike or 3-lobed, upper bracts linear; Pedicel length is 26 mm; ; Bracteoles are born in the upper part of pedicels, lanceolate and linear, sparsely pubescent; Flowers bisexual, two symmetrical; Sepals 5, petal-shaped, upper sepals boat-shaped or sickle-shaped, with claws, lower edge length of 1.62cm, outer edge bent, lateral sepals obovate, length of 1.2 1.6cm, lower sepals obliquely oblong, yellow, often greenish and sometimes bluish, and outer side nearly extended. Petals 2, petals about 8mm long, lip length 1.54mm, spur length about 1mm, bent backward, hairless or sparse; Stamens are numerous, filaments are entire, glabrous or short-haired; Carpels 5, glabrous or pubescent; The style is shorter. Hair follicle, 1. 1 1.4cm long and hairless. Seeds are numerous, obovate-trigonous, about 3 mm long, smooth, with inconspicuous narrow wings at the edge. The flowering period is August, and the fruiting period is 965438+ 10.
2. Fumao iron bar hammer, perennial herb, 35 100cm high. The root tuber is carrot-shaped and brown. Stems erect, usually unbranched, glabrous below the middle, retrorsely and densely pubescent above the middle. Leaves alternate; The leaves at the lower part of the stem wither when flowering; Petiole 34mm dragon; The leaf blade is broadly ovoid, 3.85 5.5 cm long and 3.64 5 cm wide, with a shallow heart shape at the base, 3-lobed, the whole leaf is bipinnately parted, the last leaf is linear, 65438 02 mm wide, both sides are hairless, and the edge is sparsely pubescent. Raceme terminal, 820 cm long, inflorescence axis and pedicel densely pubescent; Lower bracts are leaflike, upper bracts are linear, and pedicels are 48mm long; Bracteoles pedicellate at the top, linear, bisexual, symmetrical on both sides; Sepals 5, petal-shaped, upper sepals helmet-shaped, nearly claw-free or short, high 1.5 1.6cm, lower edge inclined upward, upper part bent downward, and outer edge inclined. Lateral sepals are about 65438±0.5cm long, and the lower sepals are obliquely oblong-ovate, yellow, often greenish or deep purple, and lateral. 2 petals, petals about 7 mm long, lip about 3 mm long, spur about 65438 0 mm long, bent backward, sparsely pubescent; Stamens numerous, filaments entire, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; Carpels 5, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, style short. Hair follicle,1.1.7 cm long, hairless, with many seeds, obovate triangle, about 2.5 mm long, and smooth and narrow wings along the edge. The flowering period is August, and the fruiting period is 965438+ 10.
3.7 Ecological environment of habitat distribution: 1. Born on grassy slopes or forest margins at an altitude of 28,004,500 meters.
2. Born in grassy slopes or sparse forests of Baishan at an altitude of 20,003,700 meters. ..
Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in southwestern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Qinghai, western Henan, western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
2. Distributed in southern Inner Mongolia, southern Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, northwestern Sichuan and northern Tibet.
3.8 characters 1. Person identification (1) The iron bar hammer has a conical or cylindrical root, a length of 25cm, a diameter of 0.5 1.5cm, and a taupe or dark brown surface. The mother root sometimes has longitudinal wrinkles; The surface of the root is almost smooth, and a few have lateral root marks. The section is white and rough. Slight breathing, bitter and toxic.
(2) The root of the iron bar hammer is cylindrical, with a length of 68cm and a diameter of 1 1.5cm. The surface is brown and smooth with a few lateral roots. The section is milky white. Slight gas, pungent hemp, toxic.
2. Microscopic identification of root cross-section: (1) The epigenetic cortex of Cynanchum komarovii is 12 gold-expelling cells. The cortex consists of 67 rows of tangentially elongated cells. The cambium is pentagonal or polygonal star-shaped and sometimes annular. The vascular bundles are arranged in a U-shape or radially.
(2) The epigenetic cortex is 1 layer of yellowish brown cells. The cambium is polygonal or irregular. The vascular bundles are arranged in a U-shape or radially.
3. Powder characteristics: (1) There are 25 iron bar hammer compound starch granules with a diameter of 46μm, and the navel is V-shaped or punctate.
(2) The compound starch granules of Fumao iron bar hammer are 23 granules with a diameter of 832μm, and the umbilical point is polygonal star or linear.
3.9 chemical composition 1. The root of the iron bar hammer contains aconitine, hypaconitine, 3- acetylaconitine and aconitine.
2. Aconitum root contains aconitine, 3 acetyl aconitine, napyrine, flavaconitine, 3 deoxyaconitine, dehydronapyrine, 1 epiaconitine (1 epiaconitine). 12 epiaconitine (12 epiaconitine), 12 acetoaconitine (12 acetoaconitine), 1 demethylaconitine (1 demethylaconitine) and leuaconitine. Benzoyl aconitine, neolignans, flavadine acetate, flavanolamine, flavanone, n-acetylflavanone, n-acetylflavanone and flavanone.
3. 10 pharmacological action 1. Analgesic effect The total alkaloids of this product have obvious analgesic effect, and its analgesic intensity is 43.7 times that of morphine. Its main effective analgesic components are aconitine, 3- acetylaconitine and deoxyaconitine. For the function of aconitine, see the headlines of aconite and aconite. Both acetoaconitine and deoxyaconitine have significant analgesic activities. The ID50 dose of subcutaneous injection of deoxyaconitine and 3- acetylaconitine by writhing method was 0.22 0.06 mg/kg and 0.65438 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. The analgesic ED50 of intraperitoneal injection in mice was 0.4 1. 10 mg/kg and 0.24 0.05 mg/kg respectively, and the analgesic therapeutic index was 6.37 and 4.60 respectively.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect The total alkaloids, aconitine, 3- acetylaconitine and deoxyaconitine of this product have obvious anti-inflammatory activity. Total alkaloids 0.10.5 mg/kg, aconitine and 3- acetylaconitine 0.05mg/kg had significant inhibitory effects on edema of egg white and formaldehyde paw in rats, but had no obvious effect on granulation tissue proliferation of cotton balls. Deoxyaconitine can also significantly inhibit various acute exudative edema and inflammation. 0.2mg/kg intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection can significantly inhibit the swelling of rats' feet caused by carrageenan and formaldehyde. 0.8mg/kg can also inhibit ear inflammation in mice caused by croton oil, but it has no obvious effect on granuloma cyst or cotton ball tissue proliferation of croton oil. For rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, the ED50 of intraperitoneal injection of deoxyaconitine was 0.42 0.06 mg/kg, that of therapeutic index was 6.38, that of triacetylaconitine was 0. 1.02mg/kg, and that of therapeutic index was 5.92.
3. Local Anesthesia The total alkaloids, aconitine and 3- acetylaconitine of this product have obvious local anesthesia effect, and both intramuscular injection and intradermal injection are effective. The local anesthetic intensity of total alkaloids is 14 times that of procaine and 159 times that of procaine hydrochloride.
4. Antipyretic effect: intraperitoneal injection of 3- acetylaconitine 0.04mg/kg or deoxyaconitine 0.24mg/kg has obvious antipyretic effect on typhoid rabbits, which takes effect 30 minutes after injection and lasts for more than 3 hours.
5. The arrhythmogenic effect is similar to that of aconitine, and 3- acetyl aconitine and deoxyaconitine also have arrhythmogenic effects, but the dose of arrhythmogenic effect in mice is higher than that of aconitine, 2.85 times that of 3- acetyl aconitine and 7.2 times that of deoxyaconitine, and the success rate of arrhythmia is much lower than that of aconitine, and the respiratory inhibition is only 38% of that of aconitine. Dosage of arrhythmia induced by intravenous injection of 3- acetylaconitine in rats.
6. In vivo process 3. The plasma time curve of acetoaconitine accords with the open three-compartment model. In all tissues, gallbladder has the highest content, followed by liver, kidney and lung. A small amount of drugs can enter the fetus through the placenta. After intravenous injection, it is mainly excreted through urine, mostly in the form of metabolites, and some in the form of prototype.
7. Toxicity 3. The LD50 of subcutaneous injection of acetoaconitine in mice was 2.5mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection was 0.7mg/kg, intravenous injection was 0.47mg/kg, and the absolute lethal dose of intravenous injection in rats was 0.41mg/kg. It is also reported that intraperitoneal injection of 0.7 1. 17 mg/kg in rats and1.100.12 mg/kg in mice. It was also reported that the LD50 of mice by gavage, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection and intravenous injection were 3.09mg/kg, 0.70mg/kg, 0.58 0.62 mg/kg and 0.40mg/kg respectively, and that of rats by gavage, subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection were 2.30mg/kg, 0.49mg/kg and 0.365438±0mg/kg respectively. The symptoms of poisoning are salivation, increased tear secretion, vomiting-like reaction, ataxia, limb weakness, crawling and slow breathing after 5 15 minutes. Paroxysmal convulsion occurred before death, with asphyxia exceeding 65438±05h. The safe dosage for intravenous injection is 65438 00μ g/kg for rabbits, 65438 00μ g/kg for anesthetized dogs, 20μg/kg for intramuscular injection for rabbits and 22μg/kg for conscious dogs. With the increase of dose, salivation, respiratory depression, arrhythmia and blood pressure drop may occur. The lethal dose of rabbits was 30μg/kg, and no death was found. Acetaconitine is cumulative, and its toxicity increases after continuous administration. The subacute toxicity of 3- acetylaconitine to rats, rabbits and dogs mainly damages myocardium, causes myocardial cell degeneration, slightly damages liver cells, and hinders the development of sperm cells in some rats. However, mice and rabbits have no teratogenic effect, but they have certain embryonic toxicity. Atropine and atropine plus artificial respiration have obvious rescue effect on acetoaconitine poisoning. The intraperitoneal injection of deoxyaconitine was 2.665438 0.30 mg/kg in LD50 mice and 2.68 0.75 mg/kg in rats.
3. 1 1 Identification Physical and chemical identification TLC: Take this product powder about 1g, add 10% ammonia solution 10ml and ether 10ml, cold soak for 24h, and filter. Evaporating the filtrate to dryness, washing the residue with dichloromethane to a 1ml volumetric flask, and taking it as the test solution. In addition, 1mg/ 1ml solution of aconitine, aconitine and hypoaconitine was prepared, and dichloromethane was used as the control solution. 3μl of the sample solution and 3μl of the control solution were placed on the same high-efficiency silica gel GF254 plate (10cm× 10cm), spread with diethylamine (8: 1: 1), taken out and dried, and sprayed with mixed solution of potassium bismuth iodide for color development. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
3. 12 processing is soaked in clean water for 7 days, and the water is changed twice a day. When the center is soft, slice it, steam it in a steamer for 23 hours, take it out and dry it, stir-fry it with cooked lard, and then use it as medicine, or wrap it in wet paper, simmer it thoroughly, remove the paper, soak it in children's feces for one night, and take it out and dry it.
3. 13 bitter; Xin; Temperature; Poisonous
3. 14 meridian lung; Heart meridian of hand shaoyin
3. The function of15 is mainly used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; Eliminating wind and dampness; Reduce swelling and relieve pain. Major falls; Fracture swelling and pain; Rheumatalgia; Carbuncle swelling and malignant sores; Unknown swelling; Those who didn't collapse; Snakebite; chilblain
3. 16 External usage and dosage of iron bar hammer: appropriate amount, grinding and trimming; Or grinding juice coating; Or fried and washed. Oral administration: decoction,1.53g; Or taken after grinding, 0.060. 15g.
3. 17 Note that pregnant women are prohibited.
3. 18 prescription ① Treatment of rheumatic joint pain: 1. Hammer San Qian with iron bar No.2. At the end of grinding, add one or two pieces of white wine, light it with fire and dip it in the affected area once a day. ("Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine") Second, the iron bar hammer is three centimeters. Decoct with water or grin into powder for oral administration. ("Selected Chinese Herbal Medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai") 2 Treatment of toothache: grind it with an iron bar hammer, use a toothpick cotton, soak it in water, and dip it in less than five centimeters. Apply to the affected area, but don't swallow it. ("Handbook of Common Chinese Herbal Medicines in the North") ③ Treatment of lump and dyspeptic abdominal pain: three points for iron bar hammer and two points for rhizoma arisaematis. Sprinkle the ground powder on the plaster and stick it on the navel. ("Shaanxi Materia Medica") 4 Treatment of scrofula (unbroken): iron bar hammer with vinegar to crush juice and apply it to the affected area. ⑤ Treatment of chilblain: Crush the juice with an iron bar hammer and apply it to the affected area. ⑥ Knife wound treatment: San Qian, five borneol and one musk are used for hammer and taro. * * * is a fine powder, which is used externally for wounds. (④ ⑤ All prescriptions are "Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicines")
3. 19 Various arguments 1. Handbook of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines in the north: promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Treat rheumatism, joint pain and menstrual pain.
2. "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, expelling wind and removing dampness, relieving pain, reducing swelling and detoxifying, removing putrefaction and promoting granulation, and stopping bleeding. Treat traumatic injury, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago and leg pain, strain, malignant sore and carbuncle, nameless swelling, chilblain and poisonous snake bite.
3.20 Extracted from China Materia Medica and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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