The main raw materials of soft drinks are drinking water or mineral water, fruit juice, vegetable juice or extracts of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. Some contain food additives, such as sweeteners, acidulants, flavors, spices, food colors, emulsifiers, foaming agents, stabilizers and preservatives. Its basic chemical components are water, carbohydrates and flavor substances, and some soft drinks also contain vitamins and minerals. There are many kinds of soft drinks. According to raw materials and processing technology, it can be divided into eight categories: carbonated drinks, fruit juice and its drinks, vegetable juice and its drinks, plant protein drinks, plant extract drinks, lactic acid drinks, mineral water and solid drinks. According to the nature and drinking objects, it can be divided into four categories: special drinks, health drinks, table drinks and public drinks. Countries all over the world usually adopt the first classification. But in the United States, Britain and other countries, soft drinks do not include fruit juice and vegetable juice.
Basic introduction Chinese name: soft drink mbth: soft drink alias: refreshing drink, non-alcoholic drink Main raw materials: whether drinking water or mineral water, fruit juice or vegetable juice contains preservatives: it is the main nutritional component: protein, sugar storage method: Baote bottle, iron-aluminum can classification, carbonated drink, fruit juice (pulp) and fruit juice drink, vegetable juice drink, milk-containing drink, plant protein drink, bottled drink, tea drink, etc. Main development trend, light taste, variety, arrival of pet era, development trend, processing method, mineral water, solid beverage, fruit juice powder, beverage powder, related events, packaging, glass containers, metal cans, plastic bottles, paper containers, marketing, health disputes. Osteoporosis, carcinogens, alcohol content, excessive drinking, classification carbonated drinks are bubble drinks made of carbon dioxide gas mixed with various spices, moisture, syrup and pigments. Like coke, soda, etc. The main components of carbonated drinks include carbonated water, citric acid and other acidic substances, sugar, spices, and some also contain caffeine. The capacity of carbon dioxide in the finished product (volume at 20 degrees) is not less than 2.0 times, excluding the beverage produced by fermentation itself. It can be divided into juice type, fruity type, cola type, low calorie type and other types. Fruit juice (pulp) and fruit juice drinks include fruit juice (pulp) and fruit juice drinks. Fruit juice (pulp) is a fruit juice (pulp) or mixed fruit juice product made from fresh or frozen fruits with moderate maturity. Fruit juice beverage is a fruit juice beverage product made by adding sugar solution, sour agent and other ingredients into fruit juice (pulp) products, which can be drunk directly or diluted. Divided into raw fruit juice, raw fruit pulp, concentrated fruit juice, concentrated fruit pulp fruit juice drink, pulp drink, fruit juice drink and high sugar fruit juice drink. Vegetable juice beverage is a product made from one or more fresh or frozen vegetables (including edible roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, edible fungi, edible algae and ferns) by squeezing, pulping or leaching. Include vegetable juice, mixed vegetable juice, mixed fruit and vegetable juice, fermented vegetable juice and other vegetable juice drinks. Milk-containing beverage is a liquid product made of fresh milk and dairy products without fermentation or after fermentation, and added with water or other auxiliary materials. Comprise milk beverage, lactic acid bacteria milk beverage, lactic acid beverage and/or lactic acid bacteria beverage. Vegetable protein beverage is a turbid liquid product made by adding water to the fruits, seeds, drupes and nuts of plants with high content of protein in a certain proportion, grinding, removing residues and adding ingredients. Protein content is not less than 0.5%. There are soybean milk drinks, coconut milk (juice) drinks, almond milk (dew) drinks and other plant protein drinks. Bottled drinking water is water that can be directly drunk after being sealed with plastic bottles, glass bottles or other containers. Its raw water is allowed to use ozone, and foreign additives are not allowed. Including drinking natural mineral water and drinking pure water. Tea beverage is a product made by directly filling or adding sugar, sour agent, edible essence (or not), fruit juice (or not), plant (grain) extract (or not) and other components into the extract obtained after extraction, filtration, clarification and other processing procedures. Include tea drinks, juice tea drinks, fruity tea drinks and other tea drinks. The solid beverage is made of sugar (or sugar-free), fruit juice (or sugar-free), plant extracts or other ingredients, and is processed into powder, granule or block products for drinking after being dissolved. The water content of the finished product is
According to the conclusion, we should properly control the consumption of drinks or change the way of drinking. Suggestions are as follows: develop good eating habits, minimize the intake of soft drinks, and suggest drinking vegetable juice drinks instead of juice drinks or carbonated drinks in some occasions to reduce enamel demineralization; Insist on brushing your teeth every day, at least once in the morning and evening; Brush your teeth after drinking at least half an hour; Try to use fluoride toothpaste to promote the remineralization of demineralized teeth; For the acid erosion damage that has been formed, professional dentists should be consulted as soon as possible for further repair and treatment. A study conducted in the United States at the beginning of 20 10 found that drinking more than two cans of soft drinks a week doubled the risk of pancreatic cancer. On the evening of 27th, beverage manufacturers questioned Harvard's research, pointing out that this research was not specifically aimed at soft drinks. Richard Lamin of the British Soft Drinks Association said: "Only 3% of the phosphorus ingested through diet comes from soft drinks. People can continue to drink soft drinks, but also in moderation to achieve a balanced diet. " The main development trend of bland taste Although the tastes of Chinese consumers are very different, they generally show a bland trend. This trend is reflected in soft drinks such as carbonated drinks, fruit juice, bottled water and ready-to-drink tea. In addition, according to Euromonitor's investigation report, beer is gradually showing a light development trend. The new products launched in 2004 tend to be light, which strengthens the cool positioning and attracts the attention of impetuous young people. The main products on the market include Sprite Ice, Nestea Ice Rush and minute maid of Coca-Cola Company, Lipton Iced Tea of Pepsi Company, Wang He of Uni-President Company and X-Sports. In the fierce competition and plagiarism in the beverage industry, it is no longer a magic weapon to develop new formulas or design new packaging. Many beverage manufacturers have focused on preparing new beverage flavors. Of course, consumers can't just favor light tastes. Fruit juice consumers in the north like the thick and fresh taste, but this taste is too strong for consumers in the south. On the contrary, tea beverage consumers in the south like the mild and smooth taste, while consumers in the north disdain this taste. Besides quenching thirst, China consumers' demands for drinks are very important. The rapid development of fruit and vegetable juice can not be separated from the continuous promotion of its health characteristics by beverage manufacturers. The mixing of milk and juice is also a major trend. Successful examples are queer's "refreshing", Coca-Cola's "White" in China and Hangzhou Wahaha's "Nutrition Express". Bottled water and functional water producers are also taking various actions. After Robust's "Pulse" was a great success in 2003, various similar functional water drinks were introduced in turn. Among them, the most famous ones are X-Sports in Ding Xin, Scream in Zhejiang Yangshengtang, Activation in Wahaha and He+She which was finally acquired by Huiyuan. As the undisputed leader of energy drinks, Red Bull has further expanded its market influence by sponsoring NBA and F 1 events. The arrival of the era of pets During 2003-2004, many beverage manufacturers added PET bottle blowing machines and filling lines, including Ding Xin, Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Wahaha in Hangzhou, Huiyuan in Beijing and Yangshengtang in Zhejiang. Although the oil price increases the cost of PET, which in turn affects the profits of beverage manufacturers, PET continues to seize the share of packaging materials such as glass, metal and paper. The transparency, high barrier performance, flexibility, reasonable price and repeatable sealing of PET bottles are helpful for beverage manufacturers to better position their products in the fierce competition. In fruit and vegetable juice, instant tea and milk drinks, aseptic cold-filled PET packaging has created more opportunities for beverage manufacturers. Large-capacity and single-person small-capacity packaging will grow rapidly, especially juice, bottled water and ready-to-drink tea. Manufacturers hope to expand sales by increasing consumer spending. Development trend Although China's soft drink industry started late, its development speed is amazing, with an average annual growth rate of 24.7% from 198 1 to 1994, making it one of the fastest growing industries in the food industry. The total output of soft drinks in China has reached 6.28 million tons from 65438 to 0994, which is 20 times higher than that in the early 1980s. However, it is not optimistic that due to the large population base in China, compared with the world's per capita annual beverage consumption of 42.75kg, China is only 1/8, and compared with developed countries such as the United States, it is only 1/34. The development of soft drinks in China is not only imminent, but also has great development potential. Processing methods The pretreatment methods of various beverages are quite different, but the hygiene requirements in the production process are the same. The sanitary conditions of factories, equipment, raw and auxiliary materials and operators used in soft drink production, and the contents of heavy metals, pesticide residues and microorganisms in products must meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and food hygiene regulations, and should be strictly controlled during processing. The processing methods of fruit juice and vegetable juice are basically the same. Fresh fruits and vegetables are washed, classified, ground, juiced, filtered and homogenized to produce cloudy juice. Clarify the mixed juice and filter it into clear juice. Clarification methods include enzyme treatment, heating treatment, gelatin treatment and bentonite treatment. The purpose is to remove suspended insoluble solids and flocs. Clear juice can also be produced by ultrafiltration. Whether the mixed juice should be clarified depends on the variety of fruit. Some fruits only produce mixed juice, while others produce mixed juice and clear juice. The original juice is evaporated, the aroma is recovered, and some water is removed by freeze concentration or reverse osmosis to become concentrated juice. The concentration of concentrated juice varies with varieties and concentration methods, and is generally 24 ~ 70 Bx. Concentrated fruit juice is diluted with water to make raw juice and its beverage. Pears, peaches, apricots, plums and other fruits are usually used to make juice with meat and sweet drinks (Figure 1). Fresh fruits are generally heated to 85℃ 10 ~ 20 minutes before grinding. Fine filtration is to remove larger particles from ground juice. The mesh diameter of the fine filter is generally 0.4 ~ 0.8 mm, and the amount of juice with meat added during blending is calculated according to the percentage (mass) of the total sweet beverage. It can also be mixed at a ratio of 50% regardless of fruit varieties. Then citric acid or other acidulants, sugar or other sweeteners and water are added, and the sweet beverage is obtained after homogenization. pH value