Childishness is a child's interest.

Its main characteristics are naive, innocent, lively, lovely, carefree and carefree. Children are generally childlike. With the growth of age and profound experience, people become mature, prudent and scheming, and innocence will disappear. Therefore, innocence is also a child's most precious wealth.

There is also an article "Children's Fun", which is slightly adapted and included in the fifth lesson of the first Chinese textbook of People's Education Edition 200/kloc-0.

An ordinary sight or thing will become beautiful and strange through imagination and association.

[Edit this paragraph] Author's works

Shen Fu (1763- 1825), whose real name is Yimei, was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the 28th year of Qing Qianlong. Forty-two years after Qianlong (AD 1777), he went to Shaoxing, Zhejiang to study with his father. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1784), Emperor Qianlong toured Jiangnan, and Shen Fu followed his father to meet him. Later, he came to Suzhou to engage in wine industry. In the 13th year of Jiaqing (AD 1808), he wrote the autobiographical novel Six Chapters of a Floating Life.

"Six Chapters of a Floating Life" consists of six volumes, each with a small topic, followed by boudoir, leisure, ups and downs, wandering, Zhongshan calendar and health preservation. According to the test? What are the disadvantages of arrogance? Brain whoosh locust Zhen, meters? ぱ∽ぴ 123532?

Six Chapters of a Floating Life focuses on the life of the author and his wife, which is better than what they saw and heard in A Wandering World. It is an ordinary and interesting family life. The work describes that the author and his wife, Chen Yun, are congenial and want to live a life of food, clothing, housing and art. Due to the oppression of feudal ethics and the suffering of poor life, their ideals are finally shattered. The text of this book is fresh and true, with no traces of carving and modification, and the plot is affectionate to death; It begins with joy, ends with worry, and gradually drifts away, making people sad and moving. In addition, this book also includes a famous work "Memories of Mei Ying 'an" by a famous person in Qing Dynasty who took the initiative to mourn Dong Xiaowan, a famous prostitute in Qinhuai.

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

When I recall my childhood, I can look at the sun with my eyes wide open. I am good at observing autumn. When I see something small, I have to check its texture carefully, so I have a good time outside.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to dance into a group of cranes in the air. The direction of the heart is either a thousand or a hundred, and it is indeed a crane; Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.

I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass on the flower platform, so that it is flush with the platform; If you look closely, you can feel at ease when you wander around with bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills and concave soil as valleys.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.

The above is the original text in the Chinese book, and the following is the original text in Six Chapters of a Floating Life:

When I recall my childhood, I can look at the sun and see through autumn. Hold small things; We have to check its texture carefully, so it is sometimes interesting.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance empty. If the heart wishes, there are thousands of cranes Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the vegetarian tent, and smoke, so that they can fly against the smoke, making a view of Qingyun white crane, and the fruit is like a crane floating in the clouds, which is happy. In the concave and convex parts of the earth wall and the grass in the flower terrace, you often squat down to make it flush with the terrace, study it carefully, take the grass as the forest, the insects and ants as the beasts, the bumps of the soil and gravel as the hills, and the depressions as the gullies, and enjoy yourself.

One day, I saw two insects mowing grass, and I had a strong view. Suddenly, a monster came from the mountain, fell from the tree, covered a toad, stuck out his tongue and swallowed two bugs. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch toad, whip him dozens of times and drive him out of the hospital. Think about it a little bigger. When two bugs fight, Gato won't follow suit. As the old saying goes, "He who is near Zhu Zhechi and near Mexico is black", so are insects? Greedy this profession, eggs are eaten by earthworms, and they are not swollen. When you catch a duck, you can open your mouth and let it go. The duck bumped its neck and made a swallow. It cried in fright and was passed as a handle. This is all leisure when you are young.

Note: shrimp reading: ha

[Edit this paragraph] Translation

I recall that when I was a child, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open, and my eyesight was good enough to see the feathers just grown by birds in autumn. Every time I meet something small, I carefully observe its texture, so I can often feel the pleasure beyond the thing itself.

On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls, and I secretly compare them to cranes flying in the air. Come to think of it, hundreds of mosquitoes are really like cranes; Looking up at them all the time, even my neck became stiff. I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, and slowly sprayed them with smoke to make them fly and scream at the smoke. As a landscape of Qingyun white crane, it really sings in the clouds like a crane, and I applaud happily.

I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven, where there are many flowers, so that my body is as high as the table. I watch intently, treating the bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, treating the protruding parts of clods as hills and the sunken parts as gullies. I will travel in this realm with my imagination, happy and satisfied.

One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass, so I squatted down to observe carefully. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge thing knocked down the mountain and overwhelmed the tree. It turned out to be a toad that ate all the bugs as soon as it stuck out its tongue. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim. When he came to his senses, he caught the toad, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to another yard.

[Edit this paragraph] Text discussion

First, the overall grasp

The theme of this paper is the author's childhood "interest outside things". Although "interest outside things" is not owned by things themselves, it is related to things. It is the result of the subjective experience of the viewer acting on things, and it can also be said that things generate interest. Mosquitoes and insects in the grass mentioned in the article are very small things, which can arouse children's curiosity and imagination, and interest is thus generated.

At the beginning, the author said that he had excellent eyesight when he was a child, and then pointed out the main idea of the article. "Open your eyes to the sun" means that your eyes can withstand strong light stimulation; "Clear eyes" means excellent eyesight and being able to see small things clearly. With such good eyesight, coupled with the hobby of "seeing small things, we must carefully examine their texture", we can find "the interest outside things" This is a summary, only 32 words, concise and visible. The following points are described.

In summer, mosquitoes turn into thunder, which makes people miserable, but the young author is whimsical and imagines it as a moving picture of "cranes dancing in the air", and he is fascinated. Later, he thought of the "Yun Zhonghe Map" he had seen before, so he "left the mosquitoes in the vegetarian account and smoked them to fly". As a result, he really saw such a picture. This is a picture magnified by imagination, which shows the spontaneous aesthetic consciousness in a child's innocent mind. This is a ...

Secondly, the author lived in the city when he was young, and he was eager to see the natural scenery, so he used his imagination to realize his wish. He imagined the uneven walls in the garden and the bushes on the flower beds as Woods, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, small raised clods as hills and small sunken clods as ravines, which provided him with a free and broad world where he could enjoy the scenery of "nature". One day, there were two insects fighting in the grass-in the young author's imagination, it turned into two wild animals fighting in the Woods, which made him particularly fascinated; Unexpectedly, a "monster" came to the mountain. Stick out your tongue and swallow the two animals together. The young author was scared to death; When I woke up and the illusion disappeared, I found that the "monster" was just a frog. He was angry, but he didn't want to hurt it. He just used whipping to show his punishment-what is the whip made of? The article didn't explain, maybe it was a twig. He punished the frog, which may be revenge for two bugs, but from the perspective of "driving away from the hospital", the main reason was to destroy his aesthetic taste.

The author uses the phrase "interest outside things" to control the above two things, which is intended to show that he had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and interest when he was young.

Second, the problem research

Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" has a chapter about "leisure", which mainly records the author's love for flowers and trees when he grows up and the trivia of beautifying the room and surrounding environment with his wife after marriage. I only remember the first paragraph of childhood anecdotes, so I am relatively independent, and I am quite unique in describing children's psychological process of looking at things, which is worth studying.

The young author thought of "cranes dancing in the air" from the flying of mosquitoes, which is the so-called similar association; Thinking of "Yun Zhonghe" is close to association. This latter association prompted him to imitate, so he "left mosquitoes in the vegetarian tent and let them fly with smoke", and then carefully observed that "fruit is like a crane in a cloud", which is the illusion of the young author, but it is also the goal he pursues-this is a very beautiful picture and worth pondering.

The section on insect watching is similar to the above process. "Taking shrubs as forests, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, protruding mud and gravel as hills and depressions as valleys" all belong to similar associations, and the appearance of "behemoth" is also an illusion; Differences are the cause of this illusion. At this moment, the young author has been completely intoxicated in the realm of his own association, and the object in front of him has been magnified thousands of times, and the frog is sudden. In contrast, it naturally becomes a "monster." This illusion was suddenly produced in a very short time by intense stimulation, which was different from Yun Zhonghe's intention.

Attention should be paid to cultivating students' association and imagination, which can not only improve students' ability to read and appreciate literary works, but also be of great benefit to students' memory and creative thinking ability.

[Edit this paragraph] Practice notes

Read the text aloud and tell me in my own words how I saw the scene of "Yun Zhonghe" and met the "monster". Why does the author say that these two things are "interesting foreign objects"? How do you think you can become a person with rich interests?

The purpose of setting questions is to let students perceive the whole content of the text and learn classical Chinese vividly. All narratives should enable students to repeat the main idea in their own words, which is one of the ways to learn to live; If you learn classical Chinese from the beginning, it is tantamount to blocking the way of learning. Teachers should affirm the elements of students' creative retelling in the process of guidance and only correct obvious mistakes.

The first question should be answered after the students have basically recited it (see "Text Discussion" for the reference answer), and teachers should be good at inspiring students to tell their own experiences.

The second question is open, aiming at arousing students' initiative in learning and arousing their aesthetic consciousness. We can stimulate and cultivate students' interest, association and imagination from students' extracurricular hobbies.

Second, explain the words.

1. The meanings of some classical Chinese words can be explained by adding words, such as "Be sure to carefully (carefully) examine (observe) their texture"; Some need to be explained in another word, such as "hold your head high". Try to choose a method to explain the words added in the following sentences. (1) Xiang Qiang (2) Fruit is like a cloud crane (3) Grass is a forest (4) Prosperity is strong (5) Ecstasy (6) Drive away the other courtyard.

2. The following words are mostly preserved as idioms in modern Chinese, so you might as well explain them by telling the general idea. Example: Be happy.

(1) insight into autumn; (2) self-satisfaction; (3) monsters; (4) Mosquitoes thunder in summer; (5) Interest in external things.

The purpose of the topic is to tell students that they can explain classical Chinese words in simple ways and eliminate their fear of difficulties. This is the only way to learn classical Chinese at first, but it is not good to talk too much. Explanations can be copied and accumulated in books.

There are many ways to deal with this problem: or let students read the text several times and try to solve it; Or in the process of dredging the meaning of the text; In a better teaching class, there is no harm in letting students do answers in preview.

Reference answer

1.( 1) item (neck, neck) is the strongest. (2) Fruit is like a crane in a cloud.

(3) Forest with shrub grass (4) Strong interest.

(5) Fang (front) is in a trance; Enchant (6) Drive (drive, drive) the other hospital.

2.( 1) Pay attention to observation (see "Understanding the Meaning")

(2) Feel at ease (see "Notes")

Monster (huge thing)

(4) Mosquitoes thunder in summer (in summer, swarms of mosquitoes sound like thunder, which is an exaggerated expression)

(5) observe things with a childlike innocence, and gain a feeling that others can't get by playing with children's naive thinking. That feeling is very subtle.

Recite the full text.

To recite this article, you must first read it correctly and get a general understanding of the content. To this end, teachers must give specific guidance: (1) Through model essay reading and reading guidance, students can read in a clear rhythm and reach their mantra through repeated practice; (B) clear the narrative order of the article, so that students can understand the general idea of each layer.

To insist on reciting in class, you can learn paragraphs in turn first, and then practice reciting the full text; You can also teach a paragraph, read a paragraph and recite a paragraph.

[Edit this paragraph] Teaching suggestions

This article can be taught in two classes.

Since this article is the first classical Chinese that students have learned since they entered school, it is necessary to talk about the significance and methods of learning classical Chinese first. No more than 20 minutes. The main points are as follows:

1. Classical Chinese is an ancient writing style characterized by simplicity and elegance. Classical Chinese comes from ancient spoken Chinese, and modern Chinese also comes from ancient spoken Chinese. They have the same origin and different currents, and there are similarities and differences. Similarity is primary and difference is secondary, so it is not difficult to learn. We should have the confidence to learn well.

Second, learning classical Chinese is to inherit the culture of the motherland, m/view/481841.htm.