Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability and strict requirements on climate and soil conditions. Cultivated all over China, it can grow in slightly acidic and slightly alkaline soil. Xiao Ju has stronger cold tolerance than chrysanthemum, and the flowers have not withered after several frosts. Cryptic buds can germinate when the temperature is higher than 65438 00℃, and 20 ~ 25℃ is the most suitable temperature for growth. Chrysanthemum is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and likes loose and fertile sandy soil with rich humus, cool climate and sufficient sunshine.
Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which can only grow in spring and summer when the sunshine is long. After beginning of autumn, the weather turned cold, the sunshine time became shorter, and the flower buds began to differentiate, giving birth to buds and blooming gorgeous flowers with frost.
Use of chrysanthemum
When it comes to the use of chrysanthemums, perhaps people can't help asking: What is worth mentioning? Chrysanthemums have many varieties, bright colors and changeable postures. It blooms in late autumn when the flowers are dying. It is well known that it has high ornamental value. That's true, but chrysanthemums are used for more than that, which is often overlooked.
The earliest use of chrysanthemums was to commemorate festivals. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, both Lu Chunqiu Twelve Seasons and Book of Rites Moon Order recorded: "In the autumn moon, chrysanthemums have yellow flowers." That is to say, it's late autumn and September when Chrysanthemum is in bloom. Chrysanthemum is also called "Flower Festival" and "Jiuhua". "Provincial Flowers" refers to the flowers representing solar terms, and "Jiuhua" refers to chrysanthemums blooming in September. In the Song Dynasty, Fang Quan Beizu recorded: "Chrysanthemums have yellow flowers, and the north is used for quasi-festivals. The yellow flowers are not bad in season. The land in the south of the Yangtze River is warm, flowers are blooming, and chrysanthemums are not yet in bloom ... Only when the first frost plants become Huang Shi will they bloom. " This clearly put forward the use of chrysanthemums to remember the festival "seasonal climate is not bad." Today, people still have the saying that "frost hits chrysanthemums".
Chrysanthemum also has high medicinal value, and its curative effect is summarized in Qunfangpu: "Cure the head wind tomorrow, calm the stomach, remove white clouds, remove chest heat, swim limbs, and prolong life after taking it for a long time." As for the records that chrysanthemum can enhance people's physique and prolong life, there have been many records since ancient times. "Custom Pass" records that there is a valley in Li County, Nanyang, and the water in the valley is delicious. On it, there is a big chrysanthemum falling into the water, and its nutrient solution is taken from the mountain stream. Twenty families in the valley drank this water and lived for 120 to 30 years, living for 100 years, and 780 was called death. "Jingchuan Ji" contains "there is chrysanthemum water in the north Bali of Lixian County, whose source is chrysanthemum, which is very sweet from cliff water. Hu Guangjiu suffered from wind, often fell ill after drinking water, and was 100 years old. " The Picture Book of Chinese Medicinal Plants published after liberation also recorded in detail the medicinal efficacy and components of chrysanthemum: chrysanthemum is a cool wind-heat dispersing medicine, which has the functions of dispelling wind and clearing heat, reducing fire and detoxifying. Indications: headache, dizziness, hypertension, nervous headache, etc. "This shows that chrysanthemum has been used as medicine since ancient times and has played a great role in treating diseases and strengthening the body and safeguarding people's health.
In addition, chrysanthemum can also be used for brewing wine, making tea as a drink, and chrysanthemum seedlings can be used as food, so chrysanthemum has been welcomed by people since ancient times. The description of this aspect in Fang Quan Bei Zu in Song Dynasty is very detailed and profound. Chrysanthemum is so expensive, seedlings can be used as vegetables, flowers can be used as medicine, bags can be used as pillows, and brewing can be drunk. Therefore, a hermit cannot live without this flower for a day. "
About the name of chrysanthemum
The nobility of chrysanthemum lies in its independence in Ao Shuang. Since ancient times, scholars and gardeners have given all kinds of chrysanthemums vivid and meaningful names with vivid words. Or named after flowers and colors, white chrysanthemums include: "Silver Pearl", "Empty Valley Spring", "Pearl Curtain Waterfall" and "Moon River"; Huang Juhua has the following works: The Apprentice, The Oriole Out of the Valley, The Clay Golden Lion, The Aquilaria Aquilaria; Green chrysanthemums include: Green Spring, Willow in the Shade and Green Waves in Spring; The one with greenish white is called "Jade Crab Ice Plate", and the one with white red is called "Maple Leaf Reed Flower". The names of red, white and green are "three-color peony", "green dress and red skirt" and so on. Or use poetic allusions to express the color of chrysanthemums, such as red "Red Leaf Poetry", yellow "Huangshi Palace" and pink "Peach Blossom". Each chrysanthemum name is accompanied by a wonderful and moving story. Or distinguish their shapes by petals: Surprised Lotus, Flying Dragon Claws, Pine Tree Hanging Snow, Fragrant Ribbon, Old Man's Head, Golden Bell Song and so on. There are also flowers named after their shapes, such as tenderness, Changfeng Wan Li, golden thread hanging beads, Mo Lian, ten-foot bead curtain, a blank of snow, colorful cloud claws and so on. One of them tells the story of flowers. There are also historical figures and stories named after them, such as "Model by Teachers", "Flying Handsome in Longcheng", "Long Ting", "Hua Mulan Dressing", "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "Bai Xixiang" and "ChristianRandPhillips Antique". There are a series of touching stories behind each name to stimulate people's imagination. There is also a rhyme named after colors, petals and flowers, such as "drunken lotus", which looks like a lotus rather than a lotus, much like a slightly drunk person, floating freely; Another example is "Drunk Dance Yang Fei", which is pink and has thick petals, much like Yang Guifei's drunken dance in historical stories. Just from the name, it has fascinated people and realized its beauty.
Brief introduction of several famous chrysanthemums
(1) green peony
"Green peony" has thick green branches and irregular leaves. Flowers, green, flat petals, round, not exposed, belong to peony flower type. Bloom, the outer petals are light green, the middle petals are green, and they curl up. The heart valve is dark green, and the whole corolla is rigorous and oblate. When it first opened, it was blue as jade and crystal clear; After the sun shines, the green is yellow and dazzling. It is a famous chrysanthemum variety and a rare treasure in the chrysanthemum family.
Build1.jpg (19189 bytes) is named "green peony", and the flowers are peony-shaped, which makes people remember their names by appreciating chrysanthemums and recalling the beautiful appearance of peony and peony. Peony and Paeonia lactiflora have been called the "flower king" and "flower phase" since ancient times, and they have the reputation of the best among flowers.
(2) Lv Yun
"Lv Yun" is a mid-flowering variety with green branches, medium-sized leaves and deeply split leaves.
The color is old green, with medium tubule petals, and the flowers belong to the dance ring type. The outer petals extend straight, droop slightly after opening, and the ends of the petals are hooked and curled. Like a colorful cloud, the color fades, and the green one is white. The internal petals embrace each other, the color is dark green and crystal clear, and the flower heart is not exposed. The whole flower-shaped wheel is full and graceful. The name "Lv Yun" will remind people of the beautiful scene of the Green Wave Fairy floating in space. "Lv Yun" is indeed a popular chrysanthemum variety.
(3) Mohe
"Mohe", with dark purple thick and irregular branches, deeply split leaves and prominent veins, is a well-known mid-flowering variety with moderate growth.
"Mohe" is deep purple in color, with flat petals and inward bending, belonging to lotus type. When it first opened, it was purplish red in color, with many petals in it, which did not show the flower heart. After sun exposure, the purple color oozes ink, revealing a yellow flower heart. Against the backdrop of green leaves, it is like Mo Lian standing in Mo Chi; Hence the name "Mohe".
"Mohe" is not only loved by people because of its unique color and posture, but also difficult to breed and be rare because of its inherent characteristics, so it has been a precious variety that people like for many years.
(4) Wind burns and vibrates feathers
"Phoenix vibrates feathers", with gray-green branches, long leaves, round and pure tips and obvious main veins at the base of leaves.
The flower is a dancing ring with a medium tubule flap. The outer petals are brownish red and the base is yellow. Flowers spread around, petals curled, shaped like a phoenix spreading its wings. Near the middle, the petals roll inward and dance like a phoenix. Chinese and foreign petals, red and yellow, are dazzling, and the whole flower shape is beautiful and moving. Make people smell its name and enjoy its flowers, and they will associate it with the beauty of the phoenix spreading its wings.
(5) Qi Shuai
"Qi Shuai" has grayish green branches, grayish purple old branches, narrow leaves, medium plant type and weak growth potential.
Flowers belong to the typical flat petal and flat belt type in variety classification. The marginal flowers are tongue-shaped, and the flowers are one or two wide flat petals. The petals of the inner wheel are slightly shorter, and the petals of the outer wheel are straight or elegant. The surface of the valve is purple and the back of the valve is yellow. The tubular flower in the center is yellow and green, which is particularly eye-catching. The whole flower body is bright in color, vigorous in posture, beautiful and peculiar, difficult to grow, and extremely rare in quantity, so it has always been praised and respected by people.
(6) Liu Yue West Lake
"West Lake Liu Yue" is a strong mid-flowering variety with thick green branches, large and round leaves and pure tip.
Flowers belong to spoon ball type in variety classification. The color is light yellow, bright and pure. Petals are large spoonfuls of thick tube petals, and the outer petals are slightly drooping and twisted; The petals in the middle rotate and open. 5. The inner petals embrace each other, slightly revealing the flower heart. The whole flower body is plump and round, and the color is bright as the bright moon near the water. Through the prompt of the chrysanthemum name of "Liu Yue West Lake", chrysanthemum lovers can better associate it with the beautiful scenery such as the quiet lake, the willow trees on the shore and the bright moon in the sky. After flowering, the corolla hangs down against the sun like a sunflower, which is different from many chrysanthemums, so it is welcomed by chrysanthemum lovers.
Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower in China. Beautiful, but I don't flatter you with its exquisite beauty.
However, it wins with grace and firmness, and blooms after the flowers wither. People like its beauty.
Charm, I love it more. First frost is in full bloom, but the west wind has not fallen. China gave it to me.
Noble and strong sentiment, as a symbol of national spirit, is regarded as the essence of the nation and is deeply loved by people.
As the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by poets. The ancients especially loved to be famous for chrysanthemums.
This is comparable to a person's noble sentiment and perseverance.
People in China like chrysanthemums very much. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been an annual Chrysanthemum Festival among the people.
In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemum was endowed with the meaning of good luck and longevity. Like chrysanthemums and
Magpie combination means "family happiness"; Chrysanthemum and pine trees combine to form "Yishouyan"
Year "and so on. , is widely used in the folk.
Alias Jinying, Shouke, Huanghua, Dinvhua and Jiehua are perennial herbaceous flowers, mainly distributed in China, with thousands of cultivated varieties. The plant height is 20-200 cm, which is the main ornamental flower in autumn.
The stems are light green or purple, the leaves are long and round, and the edges are serrated. One or more flowers grow on the branches, and the flowers are head-shaped. Tongue-shaped flowers with flower hearts are female flowers, commonly known as petals. Flowers with tubular edges are flowers with both female flowers and stamens. Tongue-shaped flowers of chrysanthemum have various shapes and colors, including red, yellow, white, purple, green, pink, many colors and so on. 10- 1 1 flowering, that is, it blooms around the Double Ninth Festival in September of the lunar calendar, so it is called flower festival. Chrysanthemum can play a great role, and can be used to make chrysanthemum tea, chrysanthemum pillow and so on.
There are many kinds of chrysanthemums, which can be divided into single petal, laurel petal and tubular petal according to the petal shape. According to the pattern, it can be divided into wide petal type, lotus type, rosette type, ball type, pine needle type, hanging silk type and so on; According to the cultivation form, it can be divided into single chrysanthemum (also known as specimen chrysanthemum), compound chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, big chrysanthemum and high chrysanthemum. Because a single chrysanthemum has only one flower, it has concentrated nutrition and huge flowers, which can fully reflect the characteristics of this variety, so it is often used for variety display in chrysanthemum exhibitions. Cliff chrysanthemums are mostly cultivated with small flower varieties, with many flowers and clusters of flowers, such as high cliffs, which are unique and elegant. Chrysanthemum morifolium has hundreds of flowers, and people often arrange them into orderly inflorescences or tie them into various patterns by hand. Once in full bloom, it will be beautiful and spectacular. It fully embodies the ingenious garden art, and the high-pressure chrysanthemum is to make full use of the tall and strong body of Artemisia annua, so that chrysanthemums can grow on it and form a tall chrysanthemum tower, which is a spectacle.