Tai Ji Chuan is a major martial arts department. Tai Ji Chuan's name is named after the ever-changing boxing, and it is explained by the ancient philosophical theories of "Yin and Yang" and "Tai Chi" in China. The following is the origin and genre characteristics of Tai Ji Chuan compiled by me. Welcome to share.

First, the origin of Tai Ji Chuan

There are different opinions about the origin of Tai Ji Chuan, and there are roughly the following statements:

1, which began in Xu Xuanping in the Tang Dynasty. 2. Zhang Sanfeng began in Song Dynasty. 3. It started in Zhang Sanfeng in Ming Dynasty. 4. Chen and Wang Zongyue started in Qing Dynasty.

However, according to the research of experts and scholars from relevant state departments during the Republic of China, all kinds of Tai Ji Chuan (Yang, Wu, Wu, Sun, Zhao Bao, Shi) circulating in the society at that time evolved directly or indirectly from Chenjiagou Tai Ji Chuan in wen county, Henan.

In March 2007, faced with various opinions in the society, the Ministry of Culture entrusted the China People's Association to organize well-known experts in martial arts, archaeology, folklore and other fields to form an evaluation and acceptance team for the hometown of folk culture in China. After careful investigation of Chenjiagou, it was further determined that Chenjiagou in Wenxian County was the birthplace of Tai Ji Chuan and listed (see People's Daily Overseas Edition, June 2, 2007 1 1). In August 2007, after further detailed investigation and demonstration of various opinions in the society, the national martial arts department named Chenjiagou in Wenxian County as "the birthplace of Chinese martial arts in Tai Ji Chuan" (see People's Daily,No. 12, August 22, 2007).

Originated in wen county, Henan Province, it is the result of repeated appraisal by a group of scholars and martial arts research and teaching institutions after years of investigation and research. In the course of this investigation and study, although there are legends that originated in wen county earlier than Tai Ji Chuan, so far no detailed arguments have been found that can withstand textual research (see the article "Interpreting wen county as the birthplace of China Wushu in Tai Ji Chuan" written by Kang, Secretary-General of the Wushu Research Institute of the State Sports General Administration and executive expert of the expert committee of the National Wushu Research Institute-contained in the first issue of Sports Culture Guide of the State Sports General Administration in 2008 and the second issue of China Wushu in 2007 12). As for the various statements circulating in the society, they are either spreading the truth or speculating. These problems need further study by relevant experts. Everything depends on the facts. We should respect history and facts. Other claims about the origin of Tai Ji Chuan need to be supported by evidence and carefully verified by experts and scholars.

Second, the origin and characteristics of various schools in Tai Ji Chuan.

1, the origin and characteristics of Chen Taiji's biography;

Tai Ji Chuan was founded by Chen (Qi Zuting, 1600- 1680) in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province. Chen studied literature and martial arts since childhood, and inherited his ancestral martial arts. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was a "garrison soldier" in Wenxian County, and once "persevered and swept away the atmosphere". After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in his hometown. On the basis of martial arts handed down from his family, he absorbed and borrowed the essence of popular martial arts at that time, and under the guidance of the theory of Taiji Yin and Yang, he combined the breathing exercises guided by Confucianism and Taoism with the essence of meridians of traditional Chinese medicine to create Tai Ji Chuan. This boxing has been handed down and evolved from generation to generation by Chen's descendants, forming a variety of routines such as Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan big frame, small frame, new frame (both divided into one and two ways) and long and short instruments.

Characteristics of Chen taiji's biography:

Chen Tai Ji Chuan pays attention to the spiral winding movement under the guidance of qi, emphasizing that under the guidance of consciousness, the head sinks, the limbs extend, the limbs are driven by the waist, and the inside and outside are harmonious. Its fist moves are elegant and flexible, with the use of "strike, strike, squeeze and press" as the main method, supplemented by the use of "pick, strike, elbow and lean", with softness in the middle and rigidity in the middle. Qi-moving is mainly based on silk winding, supplemented by energy. The whole body moves quietly and closed inside and outside, and all movements are full, highlighting the characteristics of softness, slowness and stability; Erquan (also known as cannon hammer) has complex movements, rapid and compact movements, more rigidity and less softness, and its strength is mainly "picking, patting, elbowing and leaning", supplemented by "pushing, stroking, squeezing and pressing". Jumping and jumping, prancing and flashing, shocking vigor, combining rigidity with softness, highlighting the characteristics of rigidity, quickness, crispness and fierceness.

2. The origin and characteristics of Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan;

Biography of Yang Tai was written by Yang Luchan (1800 ~ 1873), a native of Yongnian, Hebei. Yang Luchan liked martial arts since he was a child and began to learn Hongquan. Later, he admired Chen Taiji's biography. He was introduced to Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province for more than 20 years, and he was taught by Chen Changxing, the sixth generation descendant of Chen Taiji. Yang Luchan studied hard and practiced hard, which won the hearts of the people. Because of his skillful boxing and pure kung fu, he was called "invincible Yang" in Beijing at that time. When Yang Luchan taught boxing in Beijing, he adapted to the needs of ordinary boxers and changed some stiff and fierce movements in Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan, which were mostly manifested by stretching and softening. After three generations' research and improvement, he changed his routine on the basis of Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan, and finally changed from Sun Yang to the traditional Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan.

Characteristics of Biography of Yang Tai;

Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan is also divided into large and small frames. The big frame is mainly soft, simple in stretching, rigorous in structure, smooth in movement, tall and straight in posture, flexible in content, relaxed and natural, like flowing water, continuous, and has a unique stretching and feminine style. Its boxing frame is divided into high, medium and low. Practitioners can adjust the amount of exercise according to different age, gender, physical condition and different requirements. Therefore, this boxing is not only suitable for medical care and longevity, but also suitable for people with good physical strength to practice offensive and defensive techniques. Compared with the big rack, the Yang-style small rack is more vigorous and powerful, mainly emphasizing the role of attack and defense.

3. The origin and characteristics of Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan;

Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan evolved from Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan. Quanyou (Manchu, 1834- 1902), a native of Daxing, Beijing, studied Tai Ji Chuan Rack with Yang Luchan in Beijing, and then studied Tai Ji Chuan Rack with his second son Hou. He absorbed the essence of Chen and Yang Tai Ji Chuan, and gradually revised his posture on the basis of Yang Tai Ji Chuan. After decades of mastery by his son Wu, Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan was formed.

Characteristics of Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan;

Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan is compact, relaxed and natural, brisk and lively, and is famous for being good at softening. Its movements are relaxed and natural, continuous, regular and unique and static. Although the boxing frame is small, it has the foundation of a big frame. From development to compactness, it stretches itself in compactness without showing restraint. Push the hand correctly and strictly, be delicate with iron bars, be quiet and not act rashly, and be good at being kind.

4. The origin and characteristics of Tai Ji Chuan;

Tai Ji Chuan was created by Wu Yuxiang (18 12- 1880), a native of Yongnian, Hebei. Wu Yuxiang studied martial arts from an early age. First, he studied Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan truss with Yang Luchan, and then went to Zhaobao Town, wen county, Henan Province in 1852 to study Tai Ji Chuan with Chen Jiagou, a descendant of the 15th and 7th Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan. He got a good result. On the basis of Chen Tai Ji Chuan, he created his own martial arts Tai Ji Chuan.

Characteristics of Wushu Tai Ji Chuan:

Tai Ji Chuan is characterized by rigorous posture, compact posture, slow movement, rigorous pace and clear distinction between reality and reality. The front and back rotation of the chest and abdomen is always positive, and the left and right hands each tube half the body and do not cross each other. Don't stretch out beyond your toes, and don't stick to your body when you step. When stepping, touch the ground with your toes first, then slowly put down your heels and step flat. Boxing pays attention to starting, bearing, opening and closing, and its movements are coherent and smooth.

5. The origin and characteristics of Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan;

Founder Sun Lutang (1860- 1933) was born in Wanxian County, Hebei Province. Sun Lutang studied Xingyiquan, then learned Bagua Palm, and then studied martial arts Tai Ji Chuan with Tai Ji Chuan grandmaster Hao Weizhen. On this basis, combining the advantages of Tai Ji Chuan, Bagua and Xingyiquan, Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan was founded.

The characteristics of Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan:

Advance and retreat, step by step, step by step. The movements are flexible, agile and natural, the footwork is clear when practicing, and the whole practice is like flowing water. Every turn is connected by "opening" and "closing", so it is also called "opening and closing Tai Chi Chuan".

6. The origin and characteristics of harmonious Tai Ji Chuan;

The Legend of Harmonious Taiji was founded by He Zhaoyuan (1810-1890) in Zhaobao Town, wen county City, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. He Zhaoyuan was born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine and studied literature and medicine since childhood. 1825 studied Tai Ji Chuan with Chen Qingping, the seventh generation descendant of Chen Tai Ji Chuan in Zhaobao Town. He Zhaoyuan, under the influence of Li, a master of Neo-Confucianism, guided by Neo-Confucianism, Taoism and medical theory, standardized boxing. On the basis of Chen's Taiji Biography, he created a set of agent framework with consistent body and function and technical integration, that is, Harmonious Taiji Biography, which is also called Zhaobao Taiji Biography because of its geographical location.

Characteristics of Harmonious Tai Ji Chuan:

Harmonious Tai Ji Chuan takes suppleness, roundness, naturalness and truthfulness as the criteria, and does not sit, fold, bend over or turn hips when practicing. When walking, it is emphasized that the body is straight, the spine is upright, the movements are not greedy or owed, the body is light and round, the body is like a live snake, the waist is like a bow, and the movements are compact and smooth. Hands and feet should start, move and stop properly, keep the body centered, turn in circles, follow up up and down, blend hands and feet, progress will follow, retrogression will follow, and the movements will be unpretentious, concise and smooth.

Formula and method of Tai Ji Chuan

First, the virtual spirit is strong.

When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, always keep your head straight and gently lift Baihui point upward, that is, lift the rope. This is one of the most basic ways to practice Tai Ji Chuan.

In order to achieve the top strength of virtual spirit, we must first find out the position of Baihui point. Baihui point is located at the hair spinning place in the center of the human head, that is, seven inches upward from the middle of the back hairline, also known as Sanyang, Sanyang, Wu Hui, Wu Hui, Dianshang, Tianman, Weihui, Mud Pillow Palace, Shang Ling and Tianling, which are the commanding heights of the human body. "On Boxing" says: "Baihui points hold the whole body". The top strength of virtual spirit is to clear the air and ascend to Baihui point.

How does clear air grow? "On Boxing" said: "You must be calm and calm, and the turbidity will drop. Once the situation is over, the upper body will be clear and the gas will be attributed to Tian Chan. If you cover your heart, you will be angry. " Ascending, qi returns to Dantian, starting from perineum, ascending along abdomen, protruding, practicing Quan and Dushan Jing, or starting from perineum, which is too long and too strong, and ascending to Baihui along spine.

What is "top strength"? "On Boxing" says: "Those who are full of energy are those who are angry with their heads". If the middle qi fails to lead, the healthy qi will collapse, and the limbs will be weak and have no attachment, just like a pile of mud. How can you talk about boxing?

But the jacking force is by no means a hard top, and the hard top is a hard force, not a real jacking force. "Collar, meaning for the sky. Don't be too angry. " . Too much healthy qi will rush to the head, with heavy head, unstable feet, ineffective torsion, impassable qi pulse, and full of horizontal qi in the chest, which is harmful to health.

You can't be too strong. If you can't, you won't be able to lift your spirits. Therefore, "On Boxing" said: "Those who are interested and those who are not, it doesn't matter whether they are light or heavy, but they are not as good as them." "Boxing is about jacking force, and the jacking force is good, and the whole body spirit does it one brace up."

It is not only the basic essentials that must be strictly followed in boxing, but also a boxing realm. It is difficult to really understand the meaning and accurately grasp the essentials when you just start practicing boxing. As long as the internal qi begins to fluctuate, the clear qi is produced and abundant, the bladder meridian is hot, and the abdomen is vast, you can truly experience the wonderful realm of inspiration, ethereal and ethereal. However, from the beginning, practitioners must strictly abide by the essentials of virtual spirit. Otherwise, it will be difficult to practice Tai Ji Chuan well, and there will be no clear air, and there will be no future clear air rising, turbid air falling, free access and free will.

Second, including chest collapse.

Holding the chest and collapsing the waist means that when the knees are folded, the chest stands slightly inward, the mood drops, the waist strength collapses naturally, and the blood vessels in the whole body are unobstructed; If you want to bend your back, you have to have breasts. The two cannot be carried out separately, but should be the premise and care for each other.

Keep your chest firm and don't stand outside. If your chest stands outside, it will cause you to hold your chest, which will make you feel heavy, and your feet and legs will float up and your center of gravity will be unstable. There is strength all around, but it is not tight, but "the chest is as empty as a stone". "On Boxing" says: "The middle chest and abdomen, from Tiantu point to Yinjiao, Qihai, Shimen and Guanyuan, are like bows, meaning to hold the chest, live together and be empty." "Chest loose, chest loose, everything is happy, unintentionally, nor unintentionally. From Gai Hua to Shimen, there must be something empty, and you can't let the horizontal gas fill your chest. " "The chest diaphragm is discharged to the soles of the feet, which means that it can't be discharged to the abdomen." In other words, when qi can't penetrate the whole body, it will sink into the abdomen even if it can't sink directly into Yongquan point. Over time, I can get through the whole body.

Don't bend over when you collapse, bend your waist into a hunchback, the meridians and bones are bent and compressed, and qi and blood are blocked; Don't be soft when you collapse. If you are soft, you will lose your vitality. "On Boxing" said: "The waist is the turning point of the upper and lower body hinges, which can not be soft or hard, and can be folded on it." When you break down, "your waist is strong and expensive." "Above the waist, below the waist, seems to be a win-win trend. In fact, they are closely linked and go hand in hand. "

If chest collapse is carried out at the same time, the joints that hit the body will be opened everywhere, so that the clear gas in the abdomen can reach Baihui point long and smoothly, and the sinking gas can also sink smoothly to the abdomen and reach Yongquan. The qi of the whole body starts from the abdomen and flows out in four directions. There are six points in the heart meridian, which are divided into two branches, each of which starts from the left and right shoulders, from the palace of bone doubt to the left and right fingers; The other four acupoints are divided into two strands, each of which goes down to the left and right legs and penetrates into the left and right toes through bone seams to ensure the strength of deficiency qi.

So it's important to bend your back with your chest. Only by careful mastery can the whole body's qi and blood function, and this basic principle must be strictly observed.

Third, relax your waist and nourish your qi.

Relaxing the waist and nourishing qi is to relax the waist to cultivate the integrity in the body, which is also the basic essentials that Tai Ji Chuan must follow when practicing.

Relaxing waist and nourishing qi is related to chest collapse, but the main points are different. Collapse refers to the collapse of waist strength, and qi naturally sinks into the abdomen; Loosening the waist means relaxing the waist in order to maintain and cultivate healthy qi. When it collapsed, it was "waist-strong and solid." When loosening the waist, "the waist should be empty, and when it is empty, it will work from top to bottom."

"On Boxing" said: "The waist is like an axle, and the gas is like a wheel". The waist can't be tight, and the whole body will be stiff if it is tight; The waist should be loose, so that the kidney qi can flow in and out smoothly, and the vital qi of all parts of the body can be connected up and down, so that the abdomen can pass through the whole body. Clear gas rises, turbid gas falls, rushes to Baihui, and goes down to Yongquan, where the gas moves at will and opens everywhere. Over time, the internal gas is naturally filled. Therefore, relaxing the waist can nourish qi.

Relaxing the waist and nourishing qi can transport the deficiency of the whole body, promote the change of yin and yang, and make the hand move enough, the waist as the axis, and the circle turn from itself. Fight with others, advance and retreat moderately, attack and defense moderately, combine rigidity with softness, relax moderately, be angry when something happens, and be firm and invincible.

Loosen your hips first. The hip is the root of the waist, and you can loosen the waist by loosening the hip. Hip looseness, waist looseness and qi pulse can be passed, and acupoints such as Yongquan, Dantian and Baihui can be passed in one breath.

When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, we should attach great importance to the skill of relaxing the waist, and cultivate a broad and long-lasting spirit to achieve the magic of Tai Chi.

Fourth, distinguish between reality and unreality

The whole body, limbs and bones are divided into true and false everywhere, so it is necessary to distinguish between true and false when practicing all the movements of Tai Ji Chuan. Actions can distinguish between virtual and real, that is, they can be flexibly changed, so that they can last, and the degree of relaxation can be evenly changed without being sleepy.

When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, not only your hands should be empty, but also your feet should be empty. Left hand and left foot, right hand and right foot should also go up and down together. In practice, virtual reality should be distinguished. The left hand is actually empty, and so is the right hand. One move, one potential, virtual reality, and mystery.

Virtual, not devoid of power; Reality, not all realized, accounts for reality. It's just different proportions. Beginners, the movements can be big or empty, and they can choose the middle box or small box to practice according to their physical condition, age change and kung fu progress. For example, the score of 28 will become a small virtual reality, and it will become scores of 37, 46 and so on. Small virtual and small real, because the scope of action is small, the conversion between virtual and real is more flexible.

Distinguish between reality and reality, but not too biased. The so-called "deviation" means that the eccentric distance of a person's center of gravity exceeds the middle third of the distance between his feet. Excessive deviation is not conducive to transformation, easy to be hit, and difficult to deal with the enemy flexibly. Distinguishing truth from reality is not too real, but too dull; Don't want space, space will float, nothing will fall, and the foundation will be unstable.

Distinguish between reality and reality, and pay attention to the remedy of the corner hand. When interacting with people, you often find yourself leaning towards the corner. You should pay attention to correcting your prejudice against reality with horn hands and improvise to defeat the enemy.

To distinguish between reality and reality, exercisers should try their best to be concealed in appearance and clear-headed. "If the heart is empty, if the heart is guilty, the four bodies are empty, the abdomen and waist are solid, and the three places are solid and empty. This is called emptiness and reality. " "Real is virtual, virtual is real. Taiji is naturally used skillfully, and it is only when the result is realized that its logic is exquisite. " "opening and closing the virtual reality into the boxing classics." Distinguish between the real and the false, get the main points of the change of the real and the false, and play with them carefully. I believe practitioners will gradually understand the true taste of Tai Chi.

Five, heavy shoulders and elbows

Sinking shoulders and lowering elbows is a step to relax hips and knees, including collapsing chest and waist, relaxing and sinking two shoulder wells, causing elbows to collapse, relaxing joints of the whole body, sinking the heart and abdomen, clearing the air and rising, and turbid air descending to Yongquan, running through the whole body and reaching four ends.

Shoulder sinking and elbow collapse should be consistent with each other. Only shoulder sink will lead to elbow collapse, only chest collapse will lead to waist collapse, and only chest collapse will lead to shoulder sink and elbow collapse. Otherwise, you can't integrate the strength of your whole body, and you won't follow up when you exercise, and your blood gas is not smooth.

"On Boxing" said: "The fist is all in the collar, and the turn is all in the shoulder. After working for a long time, the shoulder seam will open itself, and you can't force it. If the left shoulder and the right shoulder cannot be relaxed, the transfer will not work. " "The arm is like hanging on the shoulder." "When the elbow sinks, if it doesn't sink, the shoulder will rise and it is not suitable for use." It's all about the basic essentials of sinking shoulders and dropping elbows.

The shoulders should be relaxed, the upper body is stiff and not relaxed, the qi pulse is blocked, and the abdomen can not be completed. But shoulder loosening is not shoulder dropping, and shoulder dropping is not spirit; Don't shrug your shoulders, your shoulders are not full of qi and blood, and your middle qi can't reach four ends. Therefore, "On Boxing" said: "If your shoulders fall, you can't stand up." He also said: "Always loosen your shoulders. When you see something rising, you will soon loosen up." But if you have to go up and listen, it will be loose, not loose, and the whole humeral rotation will not work. Therefore, the appropriate width is wide, and the appropriate looseness is loose. At the end of each situation, the chest is folded forward and the shoulders echo each other. "

When exerting force, you should sink your shoulders and hang your elbows, including your chest and waist, and your knees are opposite to the tips of your elbows up and down, so that the outer triad and the inner triad work closely together and the whole body echoes the exertion. Over time, kung fu became its own system.

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