Article 1 The excavator shall comply with the following provisions when loading:
1, the bucket volume and material crushing should be adapted to the truck loading capacity. It is forbidden to load stones with diagonal length greater than 2/3 of the side length of the drain at the bottom of the bucket, and it is forbidden to load large blocks larger than the bucket volume.
2. During unilateral loading operation, the excavator driver must send a signal to enter the vehicle, and the truck can only start loading after stopping at the loading position and sending a loading signal. During double-sided loading operation, the truck loaded on the reverse side can enter the loading position in advance, and the truck loaded on the front side should be guided into the loading position by the bucket.
Two front loaders can load trucks on both sides. It is forbidden to load large pulleys with two buckets. When loading, they must cooperate with each other to prevent scraping, bumping and smashing. ?
3. Excavators shall not be loaded across cables. When there is a fault or power failure in the rotation of the excavator, the forklift should be driven out immediately, and the forklift should not stay under the bucket. ?
4. When loading the first bucket, no big pieces are allowed; When discharging, the bucket should be lowered as far as possible, and the bolt of the bucket door should not exceed 0.5m from the trunk floor. It is forbidden to hang up and hit the car. ?
5. When the material loaded into the truck exceeds the outside of the trunk, which affects safety, it must be properly handled before sending out the signal. ?
6. When loading, it is forbidden to cross the bucket from above the truck cab. It is forbidden for the bucket to knock, touch and touch the crawler.
7. The materials loaded into the car should be uniform and not overloaded. Unilateral loading is strictly prohibited. The surface of the truck trunk is not allowed to have super-long, super-wide and super-high movable large stones or suspended rocks beyond the outside of the trunk.
Article 2 the mining joint operation, need to clean up the face one-sided loading, bulldozers should join the truck queue, excavator drivers should honk three times when they see bulldozers; Bulldozers can only enter the working face for cleaning when they see the bucket down. After cleaning up, they have to whistle three times to confirm that the bulldozer has withdrawn from the working radius before the excavator can start working. ?
When loading on both sides, the bulldozer should clean up at the fastest speed on the temporarily unloaded side, and it must be cleaned up before the loading on the other side is completed. If the cleaning workload is heavy and cannot be completed in a short time, or the rotation radius of the shovel is small, be sure to get in touch with the shovel driver and clean it after stopping. Bulldozers are strictly prohibited from riding large blocks to clean up.
Article 3. Before and during shoveling, pay attention to check whether there is any abnormality in the pins of the walking transmission system, lubrication system, automatic system and various parts. It is forbidden to pull the cable with string or wire rope, and it is not allowed to pull the cable directly on the bulldozer. Drivers must abide by the safety technical operating rules and relevant precautions for operating excavation equipment.
Article 4 the excavator in the process of operation, in case of any of the following circumstances, must stop operation, evacuated to a safe place, and report to the relevant personnel for inspection and handling.
1. The steps collapsed or showed signs of sliding, endangering the safety of the excavator. ?
2. There are umbrella eaves or large materials on the working face, which may damage the excavator. ?
3. Unexploded explosives, detonators or detonators are exposed to the mining face. ?
4, in case of caving dangerous old empty or fire area. ?
5. If you encounter soft rock stratum, it is easy to cause the excavator to sink or be flooded.
6. Unknown buried objects were found underground.
Article 5 the excavator operation must comply with the following provisions:
1, maintenance and refueling are strictly prohibited during operation. ?
2. In the process of bucket rotation or excavation, it is forbidden to suddenly change the direction of the bucket. When adjusting the position of the excavator, it is forbidden to twist the bucket at a large angle, and the bucket angle should be 15. ~20。 Increment, no shovel is allowed when twisting. ?
3, it is strictly prohibited to dig out the upper boundaries and signs in the excavation. ?
4. In case of hard rock mass, forced excavation is strictly prohibited.
5, it is forbidden to work in places with uneven surface (such as three legs), in case of uneven surface, measures should be taken to deal with the working face. ?
6. It is forbidden to work on the vertical and horizontal ground that does not meet the equipment performance, and the electric shovel shall not dig on the slope above 6%. ?
7, excavator operations, must conduct a comprehensive inspection of the working face, it is strictly prohibited to iron filings, bucket teeth, accessories and other metal objects and refuse to explode, detonators, detonators loaded into transport trucks.
8. When the excavation equipment is working near or across the high-voltage line, its highest position is 5 meters and 2.5 meters horizontally away from the center line of the 35kV high-voltage line; Longitudinal; The distance is 6kV horizontal 1.5m and vertical1m.. And a special person is in charge of the command.
9. Irrelevant personnel and equipment are forbidden to enter the working radius of excavation equipment, with electric shovel =30m and backhoe =20m. After the equipment stops, the parking regulations shall be observed. ?
10 When digging trenches with backhoe, keep a safe distance of more than 2m from the track edge. The bucket of the sweeper should scrape the side and floor lightly, and it is forbidden to hit and smash.
Article 6 When two or more excavators are working on the same step or the upper and lower adjacent steps, they must comply with the following provisions:
1. The distance between two excavators shall not be less than 2.5 times of the maximum control radius (except the front loader). Different types of excavators should take their maximum excavation radius as the benchmark and take safety measures.
2. When two excavators work up and down adjacent steps, and their relative positions affect the safety of equipment and facilities up and down the steps, safety measures must be formulated.
Article 7 The distance between the step slope, transportation equipment and the tail of the excavator shall not be less than 4m. When the excavator stops working, the cab should be located opposite the working face.
Article 8 the excavator walking and ascension shall comply with the following provisions:
1, it is forbidden to crush any cables, including those that have been covered with mud.
2, should check the walking mechanism and braking system before walking.
3. According to different step heights and slope angles, the walking route of the excavator should keep a safe distance from the top and bottom lines of the slope. When the electric shovel is walking on the ramp, it must be commanded by a special person and covered by a crawler bulldozer. ?
4. Excavators should walk on flat and solid steps. When the road surface is soft or there is water, and there is danger of subsidence, safety measures must be taken.
Article 9 Before the excavator is hoisted, measures should be taken in advance to prevent the slide. When climbing a hill, the maximum allowable slope specified in the original design of the excavator in Table 3 shall not be exceeded. ?
Table 3 Maximum allowable slope of excavator?
Equipment Name Electric Shovel Backhoe Front Mounter
The maximum slope is 1 1% 57% 57%.
Excavators are not allowed to stop outside the ramp, otherwise reliable safety measures must be taken.
Article 10 Excavators shall observe the following provisions when working in rainy days:
1, during the rainstorm, in case of flooding and film falling, the excavator should be driven to safety in time and report to the mine operation department. ?
2. Check whether the lighting, bagpipes and rainproof facilities are complete and in good condition.
Article 1 1 Due to the soft surface of the working face, excavator and other digging equipment are trapped on the surface (commonly known as shovel). Crawler bulldozers or wire ropes are not allowed to be used for rescue. A safety plan should be made to move the excavation equipment to a safe position on the ground mainly through the driving force of the equipment itself.
Article 12. In the digging operation of electric shovel, hydraulic shovel and pre-loader, if the road used is cut off, the foreman on duty shall notify the dispatcher and be responsible for sealing the entrance and exit of the working face to prevent other equipment or vehicles from entering into danger. ?
WK-20 electric shovel operating procedure
Article 1 Pre-startup inspection
After the LHD driver takes over, he should first check the working face and surrounding conditions according to the following requirements. If he thinks there is danger, he should inform the foreman and operation department in time and do the following:
1, check the height of the working face, and check whether there are dangerous stones, umbrella eaves, frozen roofs and movable blocks on the steps.
2, check whether there is water on the ground and empty lane.
3. Check the appearance of the electric shovel for scratches, bumps, bumps and bruises.
4. Check whether the pins, shafts, pads, rods, bolts, teeth and brackets of the bucket are intact, complete and tight.
5. Check whether there is any welding crack on the spoon rod, boom, herringbone frame and lifting drum, whether the pin shaft jumps out and whether the lifting rope is disordered.
6, check the guy rope, lifting wire rope for wear or broken wires and strands.
7, check the ministries instrument is normal; Check that the air automatic switch and the magnetic field switch should be in the ON position.
8. Check whether the operating handle is flexible and whether the brakes for lifting, pushing, rotating and walking are safe and reliable.
9, check the hoisting, slewing, propulsion, walking transmission system and reducer for abnormal phenomenon, check whether the oil level of reducer is normal, with or without oil leakage.
10, check whether the relay protection and safety interlock devices of each department are in good condition.
1 1, whether the automatic fire extinguishing system and portable fire extinguisher are in good condition.
12, check whether the lighting of each department is complete and effective.
13. Check the engagement, travel limit and lubrication of the propulsion system.
14. Check whether the cables and cable junction boxes are damaged and placed correctly, and tidy up the cables.
15. Check whether the lubrication of the push gear, rack and rotating gear ring is good.
16, check whether all parts of the lubrication system are normal, whether the oil level of black butter in the fuel tank is normal and sufficient, and whether the pipelines and joints are leaking oil.
17, check the warm air in the lubrication room in winter, and release the lifting, pushing, turning and walking brakes in sequence.
18, the tail line of the electric shovel must be placed neatly to ensure the smooth turn of the truck and prevent the heavy truck from falling rocks and damaging the cable.
19. Wipe the equipment and keep it clean, especially when going up and down the escalator, and count the tools.
Article 2 Start-up
1. Check one by one according to the above inspection items. If you find any problems, deal with them immediately and report them. Only after the operation conditions are met can the operation be started.
2, put the ladder back in place, the computer system shows that the ladder is in place, before operation.
3. The brake switch is in the off position and the operating handle is in the zero position.
4. The indicator light must be displayed correctly.
5, test and start the drive mechanism, to ensure that the institutions are normal before operation.
6. The driver can only start by honking the horn three times after checking that all parts are normal.
7. Before loading, check whether the limit functions of lifting the upper and lower limits and pushing the telescopic limit are normal.
Article 3 Normal operating procedures
1. After the electric shovel starts, you should raise the bucket, whistle to the truck to signal the start of loading, and report to the dispatcher that the electric shovel starts to work.
2, it is forbidden to anyone in the operation of the shovel, up and down. When necessary, the driver of the electric shovel must be informed. Only when the shovel stops and the bucket is on the ground can people get on and off.
3, it is strictly prohibited to have nothing to do with the working face equipment and personnel to enter or stay in the radius of 50m around the electric shovel.
4, pay attention to the change of coal mining face when operating, to prevent large pieces of broken shovel and surface subsidence shovel, in case of danger such as falling or soft surface, should quickly evacuate shovel, drive to a safe place, and report to the relevant leaders.
5, blasting, must listen to the command of blasting alert personnel, the electric shovel to the designated safe place, and back to the gun area, open the doors and windows, glass.
6. It is forbidden to rotate the bucket above the head of equipment or personnel.
7. The lifting lug of the bucket is not allowed to contact the crown block when lifting, the bucket is not allowed to contact the track plate when descending, and the movable arm (including the buffer rubber block) is not allowed to contact when rotating. Do not touch the safety stop when the stick is extended and retracted forward. Adjust the push and lift limits as needed.
8, it is forbidden to use a bucket to sweep large pieces or use bucket teeth to dig forcibly, and the bucket teeth are incomplete or unstable, and operations are not allowed.
9, electric shovel operation guide shaft should be perpendicular to the working face, are not allowed to dig at one end of the walking reducer.
10, it is forbidden to use a high lifting spoon to load a bucket, to use a bucket lifting beam to squeeze a big piece, to hit the bottom of the car with the first spoon, to open the bucket door to scrape the crash side, and to press the car side.
1 1, work with three legs and uneven surface is prohibited. In case of soft ground, measures should be taken in time to pave stones to prevent shoveling.
12, in case of large pieces, they should be placed at the bottom of the slope of the working face and discharged neatly. Stacking and misplacing are not allowed, which will affect the normal work of the electric shovel.
13, handle clay and frozen soil in time.
14, the control handle is not allowed to reverse too fast, and the controller must be reset to zero first when reversing. It is forbidden to lock the motor.
15, the working face should be neat, tidy and flat, and it is forbidden to leave umbrella eaves and large stones for operation.
16, it is not allowed to dig out any landmarks and retaining walls in the upper part of the working face, and it is not allowed to dig out unexploded blastholes, especially those that have been charged.
17. During the operation and shoveling, no one is allowed to stay within 30 meters around the track slab.
18. When the driver leaves the cab seat, he must put the bucket on the ground, press the stop button and confirm that the electric shovel has stopped before leaving.
19, when working at night, the lighting facilities of all departments must be good, otherwise the operation is not allowed.
20, through the high voltage line, must be approved by the relevant personnel, designated personnel command party must be carried out.
2 1. Do not use a spoon to lift cables and other materials.
22. It is forbidden to operate when the push limit switch fails, and it is forbidden to operate when the safety bell is unreliable.
23, it is strictly prohibited in the operation of the oil, cleaning equipment.
24, it is forbidden to work in the ultra-high road.
25, are not allowed to work on a slope with a slope of more than 5%.
26. It is forbidden to store inflammable and explosive articles in the mechanical room of electric shovel. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the computer room.
27. If misfire is found during excavation, the operation shall be stopped immediately, and report to the foreman, the manager on duty and the dispatcher. After the treatment meets the surgical conditions, the operation can continue.
28, electric shovel is not allowed to be used as a crane, are not allowed to use electric shovel to rescue other equipment.
29. In case of fire, immediately stop the equipment operation, immediately stop the machine, put out the fire, and call the police in the fastest way.
30, it is forbidden to suddenly change direction when turning, must honk when necessary, to ensure safety before changing direction.
When 3 1. rotates, the bucket must leave the ground and the working face.
32. It is forbidden for the truck to be biased, ahead of time or overloaded. It is forbidden to load large moving blocks on the surface of the truck trunk or spend extra-long, extra-high and extra-wide materials outside the trunk.
33, when discharging, such as bucket sticky, are not allowed to use inching rotary switch with sudden braking to shake the soil. It was not opened on time during excavation.
34. Within the working radius of bucket, the height of boulder and foundation shall not exceed 0.5m
35, electric shovel drivers are not allowed to shovel to other personnel operation.
36, electric shovel has stopped working, although the unit has not stopped running, but when the driver of the electric shovel leaves the operating position, the bucket is not allowed to be suspended in the air and must be placed on the ground.
37. When working above the pushing platform, the grease on the ladder and platform must be removed, and the safety belt must be fastened.
38. When moving cables, you must wear insulating gloves and use insulating hooks.
39, are not allowed to rest on the cable and motor and waste dirt.
40, are not allowed to rest in the bucket and avoid the gun.
4 1, it is not allowed to wait for the bus with a cargo hopper for a long time, regardless of whether the brakes are on or not.
42. When the shovel needs shielding, it must be stopped. The operator should stand beside the track shoe, and the driver of the electric shovel should pay attention to the movements of masked personnel.
43, electric shovel power failure or failure, bucket hanging in the air, to care by designated personnel, forbid anyone to get close to the bucket and below.
44, it is forbidden to use rotating shovel to pull heavy objects or vehicles, etc. , and it is forbidden to clean the bucket (such as removing obstacles).
45, in case of strong winds, heavy snow, thunderstorms, fog and other weather, are not allowed to work near the high-voltage line.
46, each class must check whether there are objects such as ore stones on the pushing platform, walking platform on both sides and roof to prevent people from falling when turning.
Article 4. Walking and lifting part
1. Before the shovel walks or lifts for a long distance, the driver should adjust the direction of the shovel (the driving wheel of the shovel must be behind the forward direction) and check whether the transmission system, lubrication system, braking system, bolts, pins and other parts of the shovel are in good condition.
2. Before walking or adjusting the direction, open the bucket door, unload the materials in the bucket, raise the shovel rod to a slightly lower level, apply the brake, and get in touch with the foreman or the personnel under the machine.
3. It is forbidden to change the walking direction with a large-angle twist shovel. When you twist the shovel, you must twist it forward at an angle of 8? ~ 15? Between increments, it is forbidden to shovel when twisting. When shoveling, the two driving wheels must run together.
4. When walking on the ramp, the slope of the ramp shall not exceed the specified value, and it must be commanded by a special person and covered by a crawler bulldozer.
5, long-distance walking, should always check the lubrication, walking motor and bearing temperature, etc. If necessary, it should be lubricated manually or stopped for detailed inspection, treatment and cooling.
6, oiler wear insulating gloves, tidy up the cable, to prevent the crawler plate crush cable, it is forbidden to use bulldozers shovel cable.
7, work and walk, should always observe the surface changes. In case of unforeseen empty roadway area, the operation shall be stopped immediately, and the relevant engineering and technical personnel shall be notified to conduct on-site investigation and formulate safety technical measures before operation. When encountering the foreseeable empty roadway area, the operation can only be started after taking the safety technical measures formulated by the engineering department.
8. It is forbidden to stop and shovel snow on the ramp.
Article 5 the downtime
1. When the electric shovel does not need to work for a long time, the electric shovel must be withdrawn from the bottom line of the step slope by 20m.
2. When the electric shovel needs to deal with faults and maintenance, it must obey the command of the maintenance personnel and choose the position to stop the shovel for convenient maintenance.
3, when dealing with fault and maintenance, need the driver to cooperate with maintenance, there must be a maintenance specialist command, in case of injury.
4. When the operation needs to be stopped, put the bucket on the ground, reset the control handle to zero, and press the stop button after the mechanism stops.
5. Turn off the cab heater switch and close the doors and windows.
Article 6 Relevant provisions on seasonal operation
1, in case of flooding and caving face, the electric shovel must be driven to a safe place and reported in time.
2, when the weather is hot, always check the temperature of the motor, if it exceeds the allowable temperature, stop running.
3. Matters needing attention in winter:
1) In severe winter, if the shutdown time is long, the air compressor on board should operate normally, and the air bag should discharge sewage once every small class to prevent the pipeline from freezing.
2) Before starting and during operation, check the smoothness of oil and gas paths and the temperature of the fuel injection chamber.
3) Clear the ice and snow on ladders, platforms and hangars in time after snowfall.
4) The working condition of the heater in the machine room and the temperature of the machine room.
5) The working condition of the motor heater to prevent the motor from frosting.
6) The working condition of the heater in the lubrication room.
Article 7 Daily maintenance
1, each shift must record the operation of the scraper in detail and report the problems in time.
2, the use of downtime and waiting time, maintenance and cleaning equipment.
3. Before maintenance, the foreman or the driver on duty should fill in the list of matters that should be handled outside the maintenance content, and carefully check and accept the shovel after maintenance.
4, the driver on duty should cooperate with maintenance, seriously study technology, improve the maintenance ability in use.
5, during the maintenance period, irrelevant personnel are not allowed to enter the cab.
6. After the operation, turn the switch of the cab automatic monitoring fire extinguishing system to the open position.
7. When the electric shovel works normally, there must be more than 8 intact portable fire extinguishers. If the automatic fire extinguisher fails or cannot be used temporarily, the intact portable fire extinguisher must be equipped with more than 15.
Chapter VI Ways to Improve the Productivity of Excavators
First, the productivity of excavators.
The productivity of excavator refers to the actual amount of materials unloaded by excavator to the designated place in unit time.
The productivity of single bucket excavators can be divided into three types: theoretical, technical and practical.
(1) theoretical productivity: used to explain the production capacity of the excavator under a given working condition.
(2) Technical productivity: It is used to compare the production capacity of a type of excavator under different conditions.
(3) Actual productivity: used to determine the number of excavators needed in construction design and judge the organization of the working face.
Second, methods to improve the productivity of excavators
Loading is the beginning of a cycle. How to grasp the first link, shorten the loading time and improve the mining efficiency?
Very important, the factors that affect the actual productivity of excavators are: working conditions, transportation distance, bucket utilization rate, blasting quality, transportation road, technical training quality, driver's operation level, system organization and management level, etc.
In order to improve the productivity of excavators, the following work should be done:
(1) Normal blasting with high excavation section and good blasting quality and reasonable cooperation with forklift can reduce the waiting time of trucks and improve the utilization rate of forklift, thus realizing the optimization of the whole process system.
(2) Skilled operation technology ensures "stability, accuracy, cleverness, quickness and fullness" when loading, and ensures less spillage of goods when loading.
(3) Double-sided small-angle loading and single-sided small-angle loading reduce the cycle time and improve the loading efficiency.
(4) When digging, the spoon should be leveled, and the tile should be leveled once the spoon is dug.
(5) When the car turns, it runs in an arc, inclines smoothly, and opens the door at one time.
(6) Move the shovel in time, leave no big dead angle, cooperate with the bulldozer tacitly, keep the working face clean and tidy, and reduce the bulldozer leveling time and truck replacement time.
(7) The cables at the back of the excavator should be arranged neatly to facilitate the truck to turn around smoothly.
(8) The excavator is easy to replace and locate when standing.
(9) The excavation shall be planned, and the time for edge sweeping, angle sweeping and shovel shifting shall be arranged reasonably.
(10) Establish the concept of the overall situation, create good working conditions for leaving the post, and shift the details.
(1 1) Operate the equipment according to the program specifications, drive carefully, reduce equipment failures and improve time utilization.
(12) Maintain the equipment regularly, so as to achieve four diligence, namely, diligent inspection, diligent reporting, diligent maintenance and diligent handling.
Among the factors that affect the productivity of excavators, it is very important to strengthen technical training and improve the driver's operating level and sense of responsibility. For a piece of equipment, the same working environment, the same truck equipment and the same transportation distance, different people have different operating efficiencies. This difference in efficiency reflects that there is a certain difference in the level of operators. In this sense, strengthening technical training and improving the level of operators are practical means to improve equipment efficiency. To improve the technical level of operators, we should not only be familiar with the operation and equipment performance, but also master the normal excavation method and sequence according to the nature of work, and handle the relationship between excavation, rotation and unloading. At the same time, we should be good at learning and absorbing advanced experience and practices, such as the "five words, one sentence and thirty-two words motto" summarized by Antaibao open-pit coal mine in Pingshuo, which will certainly be of great help to excavator drivers to improve their operation level.
The "five words" are: stability, accuracy, cleverness, quickness and fullness.
"In a word" means: three affirmations and eight prohibitions.
"Three stabilities": steady digging, steady turning and steady unloading.
"Eight prohibitions": knocking, touching, bumping, fanning, propping, smashing, pressing and squeezing.
"Thirty-two proverbs" means: spoon digging, once flat digging, full bucket turning, arc running, smooth turning, quality assurance, palm size and flat bottom.
Chapter VII Operation Requirements under Special Conditions
In the process of excavator operation, the working environment, conditions and rock types are also very complicated, which can be roughly divided into four types according to the excavation conditions: easy excavation, medium excavation, difficult excavation and very difficult excavation. Excavation is very difficult, which we call excavation under special conditions, including: ultra-high steps, ultra-hard steps, bottom pulling, umbrella eaves, large blocks, frozen roof, soft ground, empty roadway with water accumulation, ramp operation, short road sections, etc.
Operations under special conditions can be divided into four categories:
The first category includes step superelevation, eaves, blocks, and frozen roofs.
Steps that exceed the design height are called superelevation. Because the digging section of the excavator is high, the bucket teeth can't reach the upper edge of the palm when digging, so umbrella eaves, frozen roofs or chunks appear after digging, especially in the process of digging, which is easy to roll down and hurt or damage the excavator. Therefore, active safety measures should be taken in excavation. Fake barrels can be dug with umbrella eaves, frozen roofs or large pieces. The driver should park the excavator in a straight line with the center of the area, and the crawler is 90 degrees perpendicular to the working face. When digging, you should dig the lower area first, and then use a spoon to guide the frozen block or large block to fall according to your own will.
When the bucket teeth can't reach the big blocks, it is necessary to take safety measures and monitor the changes of the working face at all times. If there are signs of slipping or falling, stop loading first, whistle to drive the car out of the loading position to prevent it from hitting the car, and then the bucket will slowly hit the big block and never collide. In case of special danger, when time permits, keep the excavator away from the big slip line, and the crawler is always 90 degrees from the working face.
Thirdly, when the superelevation is small and the number of blocks is large, it is best to load the vehicle unilaterally, and there are rocks in the cab facing the outside or in front of the track plate, so that the excavator can raise its head to increase the excavation height. First, use a bucket to pick off the upper ceiling, frozen roof and large blocks to ensure the equipment and personal safety. When the superelevation is large, direct excavation is forbidden, and the operation must be carried out in the form of demolition.
The second category includes superhard rocks and bedrock. Such as granite, large-grained basalt or poor blasting quality, excavation is difficult.
Although this situation is not a big safety hazard for excavation, it consumes the driver's energy, directly affects the efficiency of equipment, and causes an increase in material consumption. At the same time, it has different degrees of damage, fatigue and fracture to various parts of the excavator, which accelerates the aging of the equipment and shortens the service life of the equipment.
In all forms of excavation, especially in hard excavation or ultra-hard excavation, and in the case of bottoming, the operator should carefully control the required cutting depth and lifting force. When excavating under hard and very hard conditions, it is often necessary to operate the lifting and pushing device to excavate around large-sized and hard accumulation obstacles in the working face without trying to lift the whole working face. Lifting and pushing actions must be coordinated, so that the digging trajectory of the bucket can be effectively pressed from the bottom of the step slope to the top, and the bucket can be filled with materials. At the same time, the cutting depth of the bucket inserted into the working face should be uniform. In order to keep the excavator close to the working face, the machine is required to move frequently, which can give full play to the efficiency of lifting force and thrust. In the case of bottom traction, the toe of the step is very hard, so the machine must be as close to the step as possible to maximize the thrust and improve the direction of bucket tooth insertion. However, when excavating, it is necessary to avoid lifting the arm with thrust jacking, which will shorten the service life of the guy rope.
The third type includes soft working face, stagnant water or empty roadway.
Always pay attention to soft surfaces or stagnant water when working. For example, in the mining process of Antaibao Open-pit Mine in Pingshuo, there is a water belt on the upper north flat, which is soft due to perennial water accumulation or rain. In recent years, many excavators have been stuck due to environmental impact and operational errors. The weight of electric shovel in this mine is close to 1000t. It is very difficult to drive out the belt plate of the electric shovel smoothly after it is submerged for 2.5m. Although there are advanced rescue equipment, the shovel is scratched after every rescue, and it takes 5 ~ 6 h at the earliest, 1, 996, 5438+0 years for a shovel to sink and walk in the rescue. There is also an electric shovel that affects nearly 80 hours, affecting the output of 8* 10000 cubic meters. Another example is that No.2 shovel in Fuxin Haizhou Open-pit Mine is difficult to rescue because of serious shovel sinking, which lasts for one month. Finally, the electric shovel has to be disassembled and reassembled, which will do harm to people around you during rescue.
In addition, whether underground mining or open-pit mining, it is inevitable to encounter empty lanes. During operation, special attention should be paid to lateral planting to prevent shovel accidents. When digging ditches at the bottom in rainy season, we should pay attention to the change of weather, and put the shovel on a high place in time before the heavy rain to prevent flooding. For example, in recent years, two electric shovels of Harbin Coal Industry Company were flooded, and the walking motor was flooded, which greatly affected the production.
Therefore, operators are required to have high operating skills and experience, be able to adapt to the safe operation under various conditions, and always pay attention to the changes of the working face and the surface when the surface is soft and there is water in the empty roadway, drive carefully and operate carefully, and never neglect or accommodate the operation. When working on soft ground, you should:
Don't dig lightly, dig thinly and insert the bucket too deep, and don't push the bucket too hard to reduce the pressure of the track shoe on the ground when digging the bucket.
When digging, the middle of the two tracks should be nailed deeper than the horizontal plane where the two tracks stand. Prevent large pieces or fragments from rolling to the bottom of the electric shovel along the palm of your hand, and reduce or avoid backhoe.
If you need to move the electric shovel forward when you can't dig the goods, you should first press the bottom of the bucket toward the track plate, and remember not to set a cantilever when you press the ground with the bucket.
Make sure that after pressing the surface, pay attention to the observation position, move forward at one time (not too far or too close), and do not twist the shovel to reduce the friction on the opposite side.
When the bucket rotates at full speed, accelerate, decelerate and stop smoothly, and don't rush to power.
During the excavation period, if the ground surface is particularly soft, it is likely to be shoveled down, or it will affect production. Don't force loading, even if there is only one car or bucket left, stop loading, notify the dispatching and duty management personnel, and deal with the ground surface in time. It's better to have someone in charge.
Pay attention to the surrounding environment, rescue equipment, tail cable and other personnel when handling shovels.
The fourth type includes ramp operation.
Although the crawler frame and crawler device of excavator can work on uneven ground to some extent, continuous operation on rough or uneven ground will greatly accelerate the wear of crawler plate, roller, driving wheel and crawler frame. Especially when working on the ramp, the gear teeth of the rotating large gear ring are seriously worn. If possible, the excavator should stand on the horizontal digging ground. If you choose between uphill and downhill excavation, you should choose the latter as far as possible. At this time, due to the gravity of the machine, part of the excavation force will be converted into thrust.
If uphill excavation is adopted, the crawler of the excavator should be at least 45 degrees, preferably 90 degrees, so as to leave the diagonal line of the slope. In this way, the turning angle may be greater than 90 degrees when loading, or the truck arrival time may increase, but the improvement of equipment utilization rate and the reduction of maintenance cost will make up for this loss. Especially, it is emphasized that when the excavator rotates on the slope and the roof of coal seam, it must be smooth from the beginning to the acceleration and deceleration, and it must slide and decelerate when it reaches the loading position. Excessive force (electric reverse braking) is prohibited.