The "Tao" of Taoism is a topic that everyone is afraid of. Although I can't talk about my own understanding of Tao, I can still understand it from my own point of view. Even if the understanding is wrong, it will be understood by everyone, because this "Tao" is difficult for anyone to understand.
The same path is 1. Tao is the source. ※
Both Lao Zi and Zhuangzi believe that Tao is the origin of all things in the universe.
Laozi said, "Things live by mixing, and they are born naturally. Lonely, independent and unchanging, walking around without danger, but the mother of heaven and earth doesn't know its name. For Tao, it is an argument, and for Da, it is an argument. Big death, big death, far away, far away. " "The fairy in the valley is Xuanzang. The gate of Xuanzang is the root of heaven and earth. "
Tao is born, the beginning and origin of the universe. The so-called "the beginning of heaven and earth" and "the mother of all things" are the roots of heaven and earth and the origin of all things.
Zhuangzi praised it as the "root" of the universe. "Husband is affectionate and trustworthy, inaction is invisible; Transmissible but unacceptable, accessible but invisible; Since its roots, there is no heaven and earth, and it has existed since ancient times; Ghosts were born; Before Taiji, it was not high, under the six poles, not deep, born, not long, longer than ancient, not old. "
The Tao mentioned here is under the six poles, before Tai Chi, from the root, from life. In time, Tao precedes everything in the world, so Tao is the origin of the world.
2. Tao actually exists.
Both Lao Zi and Zhuangzi believe that Tao actually exists.
The existence of Laozi's "Tao" can first be confirmed by the fact that "Tao" produces everything. Laozi said: "Tao is a thing, but it is just a vague thing." It's embarrassing, and elephants. I was in a daze, and there was something inside. Subtle and essential; Its essence is true, and there is a letter in it. There are "images", "objects" and "essence" in the Tao, and their essence is true, but it is very vague. Lao Tzu also said, "looking forward, like or already", which shows that "Tao" is mysterious, but it is not illusory.
Zhuangzi believes that Tao exists in all kinds of objective things. A passage by Zhuangzi and Dongguozi in The Journey to the West illustrates this point: Dongguozi asked Zhuangzi, "What is the so-called Tao?" Zhuangzi said, "Everywhere." Dong said to him, "Let's talk about it later." Zhuangzi said, "It's an ant." He said, "How evil?" Say, "Yes." He said, "Why is it getting worse?" He said, "In Wolf." He said, "How evil?" Said, "I'm drowning in shit." Dongguozi should not. All these show that although the Tao is invisible, it does exist.
3. Tao is regular
Both Lao Zi and Zhuangzi believe that Tao is regular.
In Laozi's view, the world is not chaotic, things are interdependent and transformed, and the universe has its order. This is the Tao. "Independence remains unchanged, Zhou Xing is in no danger" and "anti-Tao movement; The use of the weak. " "Tao often does nothing but does nothing." However, this "Tao" is not directly presented to human senses. It is hidden in all kinds of phenomena, even seemingly contrary to the appearance of things and people's common sense, often contrary to people's subjective wishes, but it also subtly restricts the development trend of things.
Zhuangzi's Tao is as regular as Laozi's. Zhuangzi Qiu Shui: "The Tao has no beginning, and things have life and death, not by it. One is empty and the other is full, not depending on its shape. The year can't be lifted, but it is a deep valley. Eliminate the surplus and deficiency, and there will be a beginning. This is the way to reason, and it is also the way to talk about the reason of everything. Things are born, if they are sudden. Still, still, no time to move. What is this? Why not? Fugu will be made by itself. " "Tao has no beginning" refers to the law of movement and change of things. Here, "Tao" is constantly moving and never stops.
"Much transformed, if suddenly if delusion. Still, there is no time to move. " In other words, the change of everything is not prompted by any other force, but everything develops according to its own state. This is the "Tao", and the activities and operations of all things are inseparable from the "Tao".
The difference between Tao and Zhi ※
1. The meaning of "Tao" of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi is different.
Laozi's "Tao" contains the universe including nature and human life, which is a philosophical revelation. Zhuangzi, on the other hand, based on human spiritual freedom, replaced Laozi's cosmological tendency with realistic life experience, without metaphysical pure philosophical speculation. Zhuangzi's "Tao" really has aesthetic significance, which is directly related to real life and concerns the spiritual existence of human subject and individual. Zhuangzi advocated "external world", "external things", "external things", "God is useless to people, and saints are nameless". He heard the saying that "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", so that everything in heaven and earth is directly connected with human life, pursuing a kind of truth, "wandering between heaven and earth" and "swimming outside the four seas"
2. Lao Zi and Zhuangzi have different views on Tao.
Laozi said, "Can I get rid of metaphysics and be flawless?" "Purge" is to eliminate all kinds of distractions in people's minds. "Xuan" means Tao, "Jian" means contemplation, and "Xuan Jian" means contemplation of Tao. The proposition of "eliminating metaphysics" has two basic meanings. A layer of meaning, that is, to keep "Tao" as the highest purpose; The first meaning is that in order to realize the observation of Tao, the observer must keep virtual silence in his heart.
Zhuangzi put forward the proposition of "wandering the mind at the beginning of things" in The Prescription of the Emperor, that is, wandering the mind at the Tao. The so-called "wandering heart" is the subject of people, the spirit of people's hearts, and the roaming of people in their inner world. The obvious difference between Laozi's "removing metaphysics" and Zhuangzi's "wandering the Tao" is that the former mainly points to pure observation and perception, while the latter turns to aesthetic creation, which is the unity of aesthetics and aesthetic creation, and is very close to the spirit of aesthetic creation in literary and artistic creation.
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