Exterior-interior syndrome
The name of the certificate. One of exterior and interior diseases. Whether it is muscle surface or viscera, qi and blood have signs of evil. See Introduction to Fever. Refer to empirical, external empirical and internal empirical articles for details.
In fact, it refers to the syndromes caused by excessive pathogenic factors and insufficient vital qi. Most of them are caused by exogenous pathogens invading the human body, or the dysfunction of zang-fu organs, resulting in phlegm, dampness, blood stasis and other pathological products staying in the body. Not a false certificate. The symptoms of fever are high fever, red face, thirst, irritability, delirium, or refusal to press because of abdominal pain, constipation, short and red urine, old tongue, rough fur and Huang Gan, and strong pulse.
The pathogenic factors in the empirical evidence are stagnation of qi and blood, pathogenic heat, drinking water, resolving phlegm, food accumulation, insect accumulation and lump accumulation [1]. "Huangdi Neijing Theory of Deficiency and Excess": "Evil spirits are abundant and essence is deficient." Medical Understanding: "If there is no sweat, abdominal distension does not decrease, and the pain refuses to be pressed, the disease will be new, people will be naturally thick, and the pulse will be strong."
Due to the different nature and location of pathogenic pathogens, their clinical manifestations are also inconsistent [2]. Generally, there are fever, abdominal distension and pain, refusal to press, chest tightness and irritability, even delirium, heavy breathing, excessive phlegm and saliva, constipation, adverse urination, strong pulse and thick and greasy tongue coating [2]. Treatment should be based on purging excess and eliminating pathogenic factors.
Extended data
The origins of Chinese and western medicine are roughly the same. Mainly includes:
① The instinctive behavior of rescuing and begging for food. Animals will lick their wounds when they are injured, and avoid going into the water when they are hot. People have the same instinct to save them as animals. When people are looking for food, they gradually find that onions, ginger, garlic, japonica rice and coix seed are all foods or condiments, but they have therapeutic effects;
② Life experience makes medicine. In ancient times, people made sharp tools through labor, resulting in medical devices such as stone needles and bone needles, and gradually mastered the experience of using tools to treat diseases. At the same time, it is found that moving limbs can relax muscles and collaterals and strengthen the body. The formation of "introduction" and "five-bird play" is also the concept of health preservation produced by the ancients after accumulating life experience;
(3) The combination and division of doctors and wizards. Primitive people were afraid of the changes in nature and all the abnormal phenomena in the universe because of their uncivilized intelligence, so it was difficult to make a scientific and reasonable explanation, so they mistakenly thought that supernatural forces were dominating them. Therefore, the combination of witchcraft and medicine has always been the history of Chinese and western medicine.
In the historical process of traditional Chinese medicine, the "You Zhu" technique has been followed for thousands of years, and it belonged to one of the "thirteen families" in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Anatomy for medical purposes can be traced back to 1 1 year (the third year of Wang Mang's new dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty), which is the bud of empirical medicine in China.
Due to the cultural pattern of China formed by the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the retreat tendency derived from "attaching importance to Taoism but neglecting evidence" will inevitably lead to the lack of logical reasoning, which will make China's achievements in empirical medicine difficult to compare with western medicine in the future. Ancient Egyptian doctors used chanting, painting symbols and herbs to treat diseases. The first two are witch doctors.
Western medicine began to separate medicine from witchcraft in ancient Greece. Aristotle described the internal organs and organs of animals in detail. Hippocrates, the representative of the highest achievement of ancient Greek medicine, applied materialist philosophy to medicine.
In On Sacred Diseases, I said: "Diseases that people (referring to epilepsy and some mental patients) call' sacred' are not more sacred and sacred than other diseases in my opinion. Like any other diseases, they all originate from natural causes.
Because the symptoms of these diseases are various, people know nothing about them and are full of doubts, so they attribute the cause and nature to the gods. The materialistic medical system established by Aristotle has accelerated the process of medical science.
④ The peak of Chinese and Western medicine in the axial age. Jaspers once said: "if history has an axis, then we must regard this axis as a series of events that are meaningful to all mankind ... this spiritual process that took place between 800 and 200 BC seems to constitute such an axis."
Extraordinary events are concentrated in this period. ..... It happened in China, India and the West respectively. "
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-medicine