Calculate the economic account of raising pigs, and you will find that about 70% of the cost of raising pigs is the cost of feed. Therefore, raising pigs and feed is a key to making money. Under the condition of not reducing economic benefits, a good way to reduce feed cost is to make feed from local materials. Self-made feed must pay attention to science. You need to learn to use your hands and brains, that is, check the nutritional standards of different pig growth stages and the nutritional components of various raw materials from scientific and technological data, and then use your brains to rationally mix raw materials to make the feed raw materials diversified, palatable, moderate in size and comprehensive in nutrition. The matching amount of various raw materials can be referred to as follows:

First, energy supply.

Include corn, barley, sorghum, rice and bran. This kind of feed should be prevented from being single, because if one kind of energy feed is used alone or excessively, it will easily lead to diseases such as constipation and diarrhea in pigs and reduce meat quality. Generally, corn does not exceed 65% of the total feed; Barley does not exceed 30% in fattening pigs and10% in piglets; Sorghum does not exceed 20%; Rice does not exceed 50%; Wheat bran is often used as an auxiliary energy feed, accounting for10-15% of the total feed; Bran does not exceed 20%.

Second, protein feed.

Include plant and animal protein feeds.

Protein has bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake and other oil cake feeds. It should be noted that rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake should be detoxified as feed, and other cakes should not be eaten raw. Feed should be prepared after cooking and frying. Bean cake and peanut cake have good nutrition, which can reach 25%; Rapeseed cake, sunflower seed cake and cottonseed cake should be less than 10%, and the feed ratio of other cakes should be 10%-20%. But it is not suitable to add cake to piglet feed.

Animal protein feed includes fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal and feather meal. When using this feed, we should pay attention to coordinating the proportion of calcium and phosphorus. Generally, 65,438+00% fish meal can be added to the feed for fattening pigs, and only 5%-6% fish meal can be added if silkworm chrysalis is added. Blood meal cannot be fed to piglets, and the proportion of fattening pigs shall not exceed 3%; Although the protein content of feather powder is 85%, its essential amino acid content is very low, and the dosage should not exceed 1%.

Third, mineral feed.

Include stone powder, shell powder, bone powder, calcium phosphate and salt. This feed mainly meets the needs of pigs for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. The salt content does not exceed 0.5%; Bone meal is a high-quality calcium and phosphorus supplement with high calcium and phosphorus content and appropriate proportion, which generally accounts for1%of the diet; The ratio of stone powder to shell powder is1%-2%; If trace elements are added, they should be used in strict accordance with the instructions.

Fourth, green feed

Including cultivated grass, aquatic plants and green crops. This feed can improve the palatability of pigs, improve heat stress and digestive function in high temperature environment, and supplement the deficiency of vitamins in feed. Protein contained in green feed has comprehensive essential amino acids, which can balance protein's nutrition for pigs, and is rich in calcium and phosphorus in a proper proportion, so it is best to keep green all year round. But the proportion in feed should not be too high. Generally, growing pigs can account for 15%, and gilts can account for 20%. When feeding, pay attention to that the green feed should not be piled up for too long, and it is not advisable to stay overnight after heating and cooking.

Five, coarse grains

Include hay and crop straw. Because this kind of feed contains a lot of crude fiber, it is only used as filler, and the dosage should not be too much. Moreover, it is best to use only high-quality alfalfa powder, which can account for 5%- 10% for growing pigs and 20%-30% for sows.

Six, dross

Comprises distiller's grains, sugar granules, powder dregs and bean dregs. Note that all kinds of distiller's grains must be cooked before feeding, and it is not suitable for pregnant sows, piglets and fattening pigs to feed distiller's grains in the later stage. Generally, the daily dosage is 5- 10% of the total feed. Because of its high water content, high digestibility and good palatability, bean curd residue can account for 30% of the diet.