Problem description:

Is the size of brain really related to intelligence? Can a small brain have a high IQ? Please tell me some scientists with small brains.

Analysis:

The first question is as follows:

The answer to the second question: Yes.

The answer to the third question: Shakespeare, Plato, etc. Do you know the definition of science? )

There is an indisputable relationship between brain size and intelligence.

According to Intelligence magazine, scientists have been debating whether the size of the brain is related to intelligence for more than half a century. Recently, a study by American scientists proved the relationship between them. Michael mcdaniel, a psychologist in virginia commonwealth university, USA, said that the brain is conducive to the emergence of smart people. The statement that brain size is related to IQ applies to people of different ages and genders.

People have been arguing about the relationship between brain size and intelligence, and this study is the most comprehensive.

The research results published on the website of Intelligence magazine may end the long-standing debate about the relationship between brain size and intelligence. As early as 1836, Frederick Thiedemann, a German anatomist and philosopher, once said: "There is an indisputable connection between the size of the brain and the intelligence displayed by individuals."

In recent decades, scientists have been exploring the physiological basis that determines human intelligence. About 25 years ago, scientists found a weak connection between brain volume and IQ. Other studies believe that frontal lobe volume is related to intelligence, but no sufficient evidence has been found. Since then, scientists have been searching for the biological basis to prove that brain size is related to intelligence.

Dr Michael mcdaniel, an industrial and organizational psychologist who led the study, said: "The evidence is very conclusive now. People of all ages, regardless of gender, have a correlation between brain size and intelligence. " Dr mcdaniel specializes in intelligence and other indicators of work ability. Virginia commonwealth university's research is the most comprehensive of its kind. The result of this study is a summary of the conclusions of 26 previous international studies (mostly recent studies) involving brain size and intelligence.

New imaging techniques can be used to estimate brain volume, but the measurement of intelligence is more troublesome.

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In the past, there were usually two ways to measure the size of the brain: one was to tie a belt around a person's head, and the other was to measure the brain after someone died. These two measurement methods are not very accurate, but only approximate estimates of brain volume. In the past five years, the research team has used new imaging technology to make the results more accurate. They use the most advanced magnetic resonance imaging technology to get more data about brain size and intelligence.

Mcdaniel, a professor of management at virginia commonwealth university Business School, found that, on average, intelligence increases with the increase of brain size. The level of intelligence is measured by standard intelligence tests, which choose topics that have an important impact on people's lives, such as where they will go to college, what jobs they will choose and so on.

Dr mcdaniel said: "Some critics think that this kind of test is inaccurate and has nothing to do with the real situation. However, when intelligence is related to biological facts, such as brain volume, the view that human intelligence cannot be measured or the measured results cannot explain anything is even more untenable. "

Dr mcdaniel said, "Generally speaking, smart people are more receptive to new things, make fewer mistakes and are more creative. Using intelligence tests to recruit employees will bring huge economic benefits to enterprises. "

It is only an objective phenomenon that brain size affects intelligence, but this conclusion seems incomplete.

The researchers pointed out that the correlation between brain volume and intelligence is more obvious for women than for men, and more obvious for adults than for children. In addition, it is worth mentioning that although women's brains are generally smaller than men's, this does not affect their scores in IQ tests. Therefore, experts also believe that the influence of brain size on intelligence is only an objective phenomenon. For example, scientist Einstein's brain is "not particularly big". A recent survey by the American Psychological Association shows that by comparing the IQ tests of all races in the world, it is found that there are differences in IQ values of all races, with the largest difference reaching 50%. The report claims that the IQ difference between different races is largely caused by genes. If this conclusion is proved to be correct, the argument that the bigger the brain is, the higher the IQ will be challenged.

The IQ is not only related to the size of the brain, but also related to the amount of gray matter in the brain.

A study in 2004 found that IQ is related to the amount of gray matter in the brain, which is distributed in every corner of the brain. More importantly, the study found that the existence of a large amount of gray matter in some parts has a great relationship with IQ. Researchers at the University of California scanned the brains of 47 adults with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gave them a standard IQ test. The researchers divided the brain into several regions and then scanned the gray matter in each region. There is gray matter in all parts of the brain, forming a network to process information. The results of scanning and testing show that people with higher IQ scores have higher gray matter levels in 24 brain regions. These 24 regions are located in various parts of the brain, most of which are related to memory, attention and language. Researchers speculate that people's intelligence in different aspects may depend on the content of gray matter in different areas of the brain, which makes nerve cells process information more effectively.

Richard Hale of the University of California, Irvine, who led the study, said: "This is why a person who is good at math is not good at spelling, while another person with the same IQ is just the opposite." Another survey led by Haier shows that men think more about gray matter, while women rely more on white matter (another type of basic brain tissue). This study found that only 6% of the gray matter in the human brain is related to IQ. However, it provides the first evidence that brain matter content is related to intelligence.

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