Statue of Zheng Banqiao (works by modern painters)

Zheng Banqiao is an outstanding artistic celebrity in the history of China, the main representative of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", and a painter and writer who is famous for his "three wonders of poetry, calligraphy and painting". His life can be divided into five stages: "studying and teaching", selling paintings in Yangzhou, "being an official, being an official, being an official in Shandong, and selling paintings in Yangzhou. Zheng Banqiao was born on 1693,165438+1October 22nd, at the age of 73. He should be the champion of Kangxi Imperial Examination, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong (1736). Officials in Fanxian County and Weixian County in Shandong Province have a political voice, "Please ask for help for the 20-year-old hungry people, take care of the big officials, and then beg for illness." Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. Poetry, words, good books and good paintings. Poetry despises idioms. He is good at drawing flowers, wood and stones, especially orchids and bamboo. The beauty of orchid leaves is reflected in Jiao Mo's brushwork. The cursive script stands upright and has a long fortune. More but not messy, less but not sparse, it is absolutely beautiful to use. Books are also unique, with mixed official texts and sample books, calling themselves "six and a half books". Sometimes it is done through painting. The brushwork of the seal is simple and ancient. As a free and uninhibited person, he chose the county magistrate by Jinshi, made poetry and wine for daily affairs, and transferred to Wei County. At the age of 20, he pleaded for the people because of hunger, went home after the strike and lived in Yangzhou, which made him famous. Indulge in the mountains and rivers and have a drunken hometown tour with poets and savages. When writing about the thin stone of the jungle and the monk wall in the lounge, the viewer will sigh. He is the author of The Complete Works of Banqiao in calligraphy. The paintings he sold were polished and circulated for a while. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan. Zheng Xie painted bamboo the most in his life, followed by orchids and stones, but he also painted pines and chrysanthemums. He is a representative literati painter in Qing Dynasty.

Reading and teaching

Zheng Xie, whose real name is Kerou, whose name is Lian and Banqiao, is called Mr Banqiao. He is a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, and his ancestral home is Suzhou. His ancestors moved from Nagato in Suzhou to Wangtou in xinghua city, and moved to Zheng Banqiao in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the14th generation. His father, Zheng Zhiben, whose real name is Li 'an and Meng Yang, was born in Lin. He is an outstanding scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence. He is a disciple at home and has hundreds of students. Zheng Banqiao was born on1October 22nd. At that time, his family had declined and his life was very poor. At the age of three, Mrs. Wang, her biological mother, died, and at the age of fourteen, she lost her stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Nurse Fei is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman. She gives meticulous care and meticulous care and becomes the pillar of life and feelings. Zheng Banqiao was smart and literate when he was three years old. By the age of eight or nine, he had been a literary and art federation under the guidance of his father. When I was young, my father and I went to Maojiaqiao in Zhou Zhen to study. At the age of sixteen, I learned lyrics from my hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. Around the age of twenty, he was admitted as a scholar. Married at 23, Mrs. Xu. It was/kloc-0' s first trip to Beijing in the autumn of 998, and in a few small words, Ouyang Xiu< The Voice of Autumn >> was written. At the age of 26, I have been teaching in Jiangcun, Zhou Zhen. At the age of thirty, my father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and a son, and life was even more difficult. Do> poem, lamenting Zheng Sheng's thirty without a camp "Kangxi scholar, Yongzheng juren, Qianlong Jinshi. He lives in Yangzhou and sells paintings for a living. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan.

Yangzhou sells paintings.

Due to the hardship of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum after 30 years old and went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. He really helped the poor and made himself look elegant. During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, some tourism activities were also interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu died and wrote a poem to mourn. At the age of 32, I traveled to Jiangxi, where I met Lu Bao, an unscrupulous master and Manchu scholar. Traveling in Beijing, making friends with the children of Zen Zunsu and his family Yulin, speaking freely and hiding from everyone, thus gaining a crazy reputation. During his fame, he married Prince Kangxi and King Yunxi of Shen Jun, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, Tongzhou guest; Studying in Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, writing in calligraphy & gt one for each person. Written at the age of 37> first draft. Thirty-nine years old, Mrs. Xu is critically ill. During his ten years in Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao made many painting friends, such as Jin Nong and Huang Shen. These painting friends are closely related to his past and have a great influence on his creative thinking and even his personality.

Zhongjuren, Jinshi and Official Tour

1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. In the autumn of 2008, he went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination and was awarded & gt Poetry. For further study, I went to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang to study. At present, there is a woodcut couplet room of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy in Befeng Temple in Jiaoshan, which is elegant and has few flowers. "1736, the first year of Qianlong, I was 44 years old. In Beijing, I took the exam of the Ministry of Rites. In the palace, in May, I took the court exam in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. I am the 88th Jinshi of China Dimei, and I was born as a scholar. I wrote a poem for>, saying, "I am also called a scholar in Zhong Kui, and I am the best scholar in Tangui." The joy is beyond words. 1737, forty-five, stayed in Beijing for about a year, but failed, and returned to Yangzhou in the south. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng, she married Rao. Nurse faye's minions. 1739, at the age of 47, he wrote Four Lyrics for Yu Jianzeng, the traffic supervisor of Huainan. 1740, Dong is 48 years old> Preface. 174 1 year-old, 49 years old, went to Beijing and was treated with courtesy and sincerity by Wang Yunxi, Shen Jun County.

Be an official in Shandong

When Zheng Banqiao was 50 years old, that is, in the spring of 1742, he wrote poems and ci collections for Fanxian, which is also a city facing the county seat. 1743,51year-old, will like Zheng Banqiao.

& lt& lt Ten Feelings >> After several revisions, it was finally finalized, engraved by Shangyuan Stuart Gao Wen. 1744, Rao Sheng. During the slaughter period, we paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's feelings, enriched the people and rested, and the people lived and worked in peace. 1746, Qianlong eleven years, 54 years old, transferred from Fan County to Wei County. It was the great famine in Shandong in 2008, and people ate people. Wei county was originally a prosperous city, but it suffered from natural disasters year after year. Disaster relief has become an important part of Zheng Banqiao's governance of wei county. He opened warehouses to relieve goods, so that people could have vouchers to supply, and built cities, recruiting hungry people from far and near to work, and large families in the city took turns to open factories to cook porridge. We sealed Xiaomi's house and lived in more than 10 thousand people. In autumn, the harvest is not good, donations are cheap, and IOUs are destroyed. The living don't count. The hungry people in Wei county gave food, and Banqiao lamented and fled. 1748, Gao Bin, a university student, and Liu Tongxun, a viceroy, went to Shandong for disaster relief, followed by Banqiao. When autumn was ripe, the disaster situation in wei county gradually slowed down, and the hungry people also went home, and Banqiao embarked on a journey home. In order to prevent the invasion of water, we donated money to advocate the overhaul of Weixian city wall. At the end of autumn, the secretary Wei County. 175 1 year, seawater flooded, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in northern wei county to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's official intention is that if he succeeds, it will benefit the people. Therefore, when he is in power, he can sympathize with civilians and small traders, reform abuses, and safeguard their interests from laws and measures. During the Banqiao massacre in Weifang, he was diligent and honest, left no problems behind, and was not unfair to the people, and won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in wei county, and people are compatible with luxury. Zheng Banqiao admired literature, discovered talents, and left many stories. 1747, Debao, a flag bearer from Huang Zheng, Manzhouli, took the examiner in Shandong, and Banqiao was in the examination room, singing with each other. 1748, Gan Long visited Shandong. Zheng Banqiao is a history of calligraphy and painting. He took part in the preparations and arranged everything for the emperor to climb Mount Tai. He lay on Mount Tai for more than 40 days, often proud of it, and carved a seal in the history of Yunganlong Cambodian calligraphy and painting. "1749, 57 years old, Rao's son died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's garden with Shen Yanfang. Reorganize letters and poems, and write Fu Zi by hand. Preface of Banqiao written in 1750. In the same year, Wenchang Temple was rebuilt, and the champion bridge was advocated, and the composition was often recorded in the temple. 175 1 year-old, aged 59, made a rare banner painted on the lake. 1752 presided over the repair work of the Town God Temple in Wei County and wrote the inscription of the Town God Temple. In the inscriptions of Wenchang Temple and Chenghuang Temple, Banqiao urged the gentlemen and people in wei county to cultivate literary talent, which had considerable influence among the people in wei county. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Weixian Gao, making a running script of seven words, simplifying trees and introducing new February flowers. " Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in wei county, and his> forty songs were particularly popular.

Sell Yangzhou paintings again until his death.

"No one is perfect, and officials have no leisure to read more." . In the seven years of Guan Wei, Banqiao reached a new peak in the aspects of official management, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the literary names in official management are of great significance to the times. "Zheng Banqiao for ten years, insight into the darkness of officialdom. His ambition of "contributing to the world and keeping people healthy" is hard to realize, and his intention in back in the game is increasing day by day. 1753, Zheng Banqiao was 61 years old. He worked for the welfare of the people and joined the government. When we arrived in Weifang, the people blocked the way, and every family made a portrait to offer sacrifices, and spontaneously set up a shrine for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao made a living by selling paintings, traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, and interacted with fellow painters and poets. 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After Qiantang, go to Huiji, explore Yu's point, visit Lanting, and go back and forth. 1757, 65 years old, participated in the restoration of Hongqiao hosted by Yu Jianzeng, the traffic Commissioner of Huaibei, got to know Yuan Mei and had poetry exchanges. During this period, Banqiao made many paintings and calligraphy works, which were widely circulated. 1766 65438+1October 22nd (December 12th, 30th year of Qianlong) Banqiao died and was buried in Ruanzhuang, Chengguan, xinghua city at the age of 73. Zheng Banqiao's two sons died young, and the son of Zheng Mo, Emperor Taizong, inherited Tian Si.

Edit this piece of Zheng Banqiao's painting art

Bamboo map

In feudal society, scholar-officials thought they were lofty, loyal and open-minded, and often expressed their intentions with paintings and poems. However, due to various historical and social factors, these scholars often take the attitude of staying away from life, escaping from reality and living in seclusion in the mountains, pinning their feelings on the natural hills and valleys. Most of their works are based on leisure and self-entertainment, even if they feel it. However, among the Eight Eccentric Poets in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings are different. He got rid of the traditional mode of painting with poetry or painting with poetry. Every painting he draws must take poetry as the theme, and the theme must be good, so as to achieve "picturesque image" and "the meaning of poetry attacking painting" Poetry and painting infinitely embody and expand the breadth of the picture. Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings pay attention to real life and have profound ideological content. He thinks so. Zheng Banqiao was born in a scholarly family, a scholar in the last years of Kangxi, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. At the age of fifty, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and Wei County in Shandong Province for twelve years. The idea of "benefiting the people with ambition" led him to take measures such as "opening warehouses to help the people, famine year after year" and "donating base without losing money", which aroused the dissatisfaction of corrupt officials and evil gentry and was relegated. After that, he made a living by selling paintings. Zheng Banqiao's life has experienced ups and downs, and he has seen through the coldness of the world. He dared to incorporate all this into his works. By analyzing Zhu Lan's poems painted by Zheng Banqiao in different periods, we can think of Zheng Banqiao's life experience and all kinds of corruption in Qing Dynasty through limited picture images, which makes the pictures like literary works and movies, telling many stories ... When he was the magistrate of wei county, Shandong Province, he once painted a picture of wei county's colorful bamboo full of years, and the poem said, "Yazhai lies listening to rustling. The bamboo in this painting is no longer a "representation" of natural bamboo, and this poem is no longer a poem without feeling. Through painting and poetry, people think of Banqiao's character. As a magistrate of a county, remembering people's sufferings and diseases from the rustling bamboo sound in the cottage shows that he has people in his heart and his emotional chain is tied to them. At this time, the image of bamboo leaves in the painting has expanded, and the scene of Zheng Banqiao opening a warehouse to help the victims has emerged in people's minds. The "frozen moment" has become an infinite story in the audience's mind, like an infectious novel or movie, which is gripping and thought-provoking. A few strokes of bamboo leaves and a few concise poems make people feel the profound thoughts and affection contained in the works. There are also some photos of Zheng Banqiao leaving wei county after he was demoted, three donkeys, a car full of books, and remain uncorrupted, walking before and after. There is a bamboo painting that says: "If you lose a black veil, you will not be an official, but your pocket is cold. Write a thin bamboo and get a bamboo fishing rod in the autumn wind. "With bamboo, you can express his peace of mind of abandoning officials for the people, being indifferent to fame and fortune and enjoying life. The other is ". On the picture, three or two thin bamboos stand upright from the cracks in the stone and are tenacious and unyielding in the wind. Zheng Banqiao expressed his free and easy mind through bamboo, and his character of bravely facing the reality and never giving in to setbacks. Bamboo is personified. At this time, "poetry is an invisible painting, and painting is a visible poem." Similarly, the title of "Zhu Mo Map" also says: "The official returnees are in the temple, and the bamboo pavilion lies high in the spring breeze. Now planting Yangzhou bamboo, Jiangnan is still green. " Another bamboo picture reads: "trapped by a micro-official, I feel refreshed when I grow up in the imperial garden, and the fragrance is rustling bamboo, and the inner class is dust." These ink drawings all express his feelings of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" after he was demoted. At this point, we can see that most of Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings and poems on paintings are based on his feelings for bamboo, expressing the feelings of "listening to the rustling of bamboo in Yazhai, suspecting that it is the voice of people's suffering", showing the tenacity of "taking root in rocks and letting things wind" and expressing the integrity and spirit of "writing a thin bamboo and throwing it away without being an official". This is where Zheng Banqiao's works are different from traditional flower-and-bird paintings and their predecessors. Most traditional Zhu Lan is a subject of appreciation and entertainment. The picture mainly pursues the truth and beauty of natural images, the level of painting skills, and the ingenuity and elegance of pen and ink. In Zheng Banqiao's works, in addition to achieving these skills and techniques, the poems on paintings have also given this theme new ideological content and profound artistic conception, which makes the flower-and-bird paintings ideological and lyrical, giving people a profound feeling, which will make people have endless aftertaste and myriad thoughts. No matter how heartless nature is, the stones in his works are alive, such as the stones in the Column Map, which is also a common theme in previous paintings, but it is rarely shown as the main image. But Zheng Banqiao painted an isolated peak stone in the middle of the painting, but it has the spirit of soaring into the sky, and there is no background around it. Draw four seven-character poems: "Who is lonely and lonely, a pillar of heaven, straight, Tao Liangyuan, five fights break my waist." Poetry debunks the topic of painting, and combines stones and characters at once, which can be described as "painting is insufficient and the topic is more than enough, painting is silent and poetry is vocal." Poetry and painting serve each other and open countless ways for future generations. "Zheng Banqiao praised Tao Yuanming with a firm stone. Banqiao praised his upright character and noble character, but at the same time he seemed to reveal his own experience and tolerance. The stone in the painting represents the image of the characters, and contains the characteristics of integrity and momentum, which makes people feel that painting stones here is more meaningful and can reveal profound meanings than painting people. Zheng Banqiao's paintings on stamps.

There are many orchids-themed paintings in Zheng Banqiao, and they also show some new contents, which are expressed by poems with themes, implying views on various things. For example, some people borrow the characteristics of orchids, showing that they are not arrogant in victory, unyielding in failure and holding a normal mind. The poem said: "Orchids are related to bamboo books, always between green mountains and green waters. Frost and snow do not fade, spring is unknown, and people laugh red and purple." Orchids are accompanied by people, and people should be as quiet, lasting and fragrant as orchids, neither floating nor impetuous, nor striving for beauty. Paintings that are close at hand have unlimited development and far-reaching artistic conception. Another example is: some borrow a clump of orchids with some thorns in the middle to express the magnanimity of a gentleman who can tolerate villains. The poem "Stone Map of Thorns and Orchids" says: "Don't let thorns turn into orchids. Outsiders look at it coldly, and when they see the mixed fish and dragons, they know that Buddhism is vast and long. " Another picture, "The Bluethorn Stone Map", said, "All pictures are gentlemen, and then what happens when you stab?" ? Mr. Gai can tolerate villains, and without villains, he can't be a gentleman. Therefore, orchids among thorns make flowers flourish. "Banqiao is unique. A few piercings are inserted between orchids, and the orchid thorns are painted * * *, which expresses the magnanimous mind that" only when you meet a villain can you become a hero ",and the readers of the painting also benefit a lot. The more I read, the more I feel that simple plants have far-reaching artistic conception and endless fun. Looking at the Lanzhushi painted by Zheng Banqiao, we can easily see the reason why he likes to paint Lanzhushi. As he said, "Orchids that never fade in the four seasons, bamboos that last forever, invincible stones, unchanging people" and "are also for the sake of four beauties". There are orchids, bamboos, stones, knots, incense and bones. In his eyes, the blue bamboo stone can represent people's loyalty, selflessness, perseverance, bright heart and noble character, so every word of his poems has far-reaching artistic conception. Bamboo and stone map

All the above are Zheng Banqiao's paintings, inspired by his close connection with various phenomena in real life. It is also his contribution to "literati painting", "divorced from reality, escaping from reality" and "caring for reality and paying attention to reality". Inscribed poems enrich the relatively simple flower-and-bird paintings with rich social content, produce profound ideological and lyricism, and narrow the distance with readers, as if they had a heart-to-heart exchange and face-to-face dialogue, which enabled the "frozen moment" to continue and strengthened the artistic appeal.