There are two epoch-making emperors in the history of China, Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi. Qin Shihuang ended the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty and established the first centralized unified empire in the history of China. However, this empire lacks ruling experience. Although Qin Shihuang was an all-powerful man who founded the First Empire of China, his life span was too short. It only existed for 15 years and then it died. The Han Dynasty was the second empire in the history of China. The empire was founded on the peasant uprising. Its founder, Liu Bang, is a marginal figure with a rough background, almost a rogue and a ranger (underworld leader). Because of the inclusiveness of politics and class, his group has a broader social foundation. In the turmoil and disputes, the country finally gained political power. However, this new dynasty hardly has any orthodox jurisprudence and ideology. Therefore, the empire was in an extremely unstable state at the beginning of its creation. During the fifty years from Gaudi, Lv Hou to Wenjing, civil strife continued. Externally, the Huns invaded and the society was in deep crisis. Until the birth of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Ban Gu called him "a man with extraordinary talents and rough thoughts". It opened up a brand-new situation for this imperial dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty shaped the mainstream political ideology, planned the system, recruited talents, reformed the internal affairs, established the monetary system and finance, fought the Xiongnu decisive battle, and expanded diplomacy, which not only laid the institutional foundation of the Han empire again, but also provided a set of quite stable and mature models and paradigms for China's constitutional monarchy from then until the Qing Dynasty. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is an extremely complicated historical figure. It is not easy to describe and evaluate his life. Sima Qian's Historical Records was written in the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Due to personal misfortune and different political opinions, his comments on the era of Emperor Wu were mixed with strong personal feelings and subjective prejudice. Ban Gu's Ji Zan of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tried to correct the disadvantages of Historical Records, saying: "Han inherited the disadvantages of hundreds of kings, and Gao Zu brought order out of chaos, and the purpose of Wen Jing was to support the people. As for recalling ancient rituals, there are still many shortcomings. Xiaowu was first established and was greatly ousted. " Set the calendar, coordinate the rhythm and write poems. Establish a meditation ceremony to worship the gods. After a week's inspection, you can order items, which are brand new. Heirs can inherit the great achievements of three generations. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was rough-minded, but he did not change his prose, and the scenery was humble and frugal to help the people. Although the poems and books are nothing! "Ban Gu basically affirmed the great talent of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. However, Zhao Yi's Notes on the Twenty-second History of Qing Dynasty points out that it is still biased: "He praised Wu Wudi's literary works, but said nothing about martial arts. He admires the great talent of the emperor and is practicing martial arts. "Song Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian commented on Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism and moral history, saying:" Filial piety is extravagant to Wu Wudi, and complicated punishment is heavy. "There are few people who are different from Qin Shihuang, because they started as thieves. However, those who died because of the Qin Dynasty and prospered because of the Han Dynasty can respect Wang Zhidao first, keep what they know, and be bullied by the wicked. They are expensive and tireless. They are strict in punishing and rewarding others. They take care of others. This is why they lost the state of Qin and avoided the disaster of Qin! " Wu Yuchui's History of the Qing Dynasty pointed out: "Song people exhausted China's financial resources, paid bribes and stole the sky; As a result, strangers were left naked and their brains were smeared all over the floor. When they retired and crossed the river by boat, they made a mistake of making peace. How can Song people discuss what Emperor Wu did? "That's a good question. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne from 140 BC to his death in 87 BC, and he reigned for 54 years. During his reign, Emperor Wudi did five major things: First, he repelled the Huns' invasion of the Central Plains, and the Chinese nation had a broad living space from south to north and from east to west. Second, he changed the ancient times and created a complete system that reflected the legalist thought. This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. Thirdly, Confucianism was promoted to the state religion, and a set of ideology based on the state and adapted to political rule was established, thus controlling the mainstream public opinion and setting humanistic ideals and value standards for the elite (scholar-officials) and society. Fourthly, the patriarchal feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was completely abolished and a new administrative bureaucratic system was established. Inheritance system and talent promotion system. Fifth, a far-sighted diplomatic strategy was formulated and designed, and the Han Empire became the political and economic axis of the subcontinent at that time through the martial arts of Wenzhi. In the history of China, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor with a world vision. From the beginning of 16 years old, his vision has gone beyond the limited area of the Han Empire within the Great Wall and turned to the vast South China Sea and the Western Regions. However, Wu Yutai, a A Qing dynasty man, is very insightful. His theory briefly said: "Emperor Wu is brilliant, but he doesn't know how to conquer the working people and want to recover the land for three generations. He drew four barbarians, avoided future trouble, but thought of giving up who he was. So he inherited the training of the tired dynasty, both ordinary and rich, advancing with the times, defending by war, defending by attack, and the Huns were far away. "

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