After 60, health becomes more and more important. Pursuing longevity and knowing something about health will become a necessary lesson in life. Peeping into the ancient concepts and methods of health preservation is the original intention. China's ancient health preserving theory was formed in the pre-Qin period, when there were three systems: Confucianism, Taoism and medicine. On this basis, the theory of health preservation in later generations developed and expanded.

(1) Confucian concept of health preservation

The Confucian classic Shang Shu Hong Fan divides life into "Five Blessingg" and "six poles". Five Blessingg is a long-lived, wealthy, healthy, peaceful, virtuous man with a final exam. Six extremes are fierce, short-folded, sick, worried, poor, evil and weak. Everyone is blessed if he can live a long life, be disease-free, be healthy and be happy.

Confucianism advocates self-cultivation. Confucius advocated that health care should vary from person to person. "The Analects of Confucius" records its words: "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, those who are quiet are quiet. Knowing the fun, the benevolent lives long. " Everyone should be flexible according to their own actual situation. Mencius advocated that the way of self-cultivation should go hand in hand with nourishing the heart and qi. "Mencius Gongsun Chou" says: "The husband's ambition is also handsome; Gas, the body is full. Heart and gas are an inseparable whole. China

Xunzi advocated treating diseases and nourishing the heart. Xunzi's "Cultivation" holds that the method of keeping in good health should be based on personality and temperament: "Strong blood is soft; The deeper you know, the better; Courage is supplemented by smoothness; Give convenience, then stop; This corridor is narrow and small, but it is spacious. ...

The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean, records: "Great virtue leads to longevity." In other words, people with high morality will live longer. "Book of Rites Li Yun" holds that "eat drink man woman is a great desire of human beings." However, the Book of Rites Qu Lishang emphasizes that "desire cannot be vertical." If you indulge your desires, you will hurt yourself.

(2) Taoist concept of health preservation

The founder of Taoism is Laozi, and Laozi's concept of health preservation is embodied in the Tao Te Ching. His views mainly include:

Health care should conform to nature. "People abide by the law, abide by the law, abide by the law, and be natural." Keep healthy and get rid of desire. "Blame is greater than desire." "Five colors are blinding, five flavors are refreshing (hurting), wild hunting is insane, and exotic goods can be harmful." "Go to what, go to luxury goods, go to Thailand."

Health care should be bleak and empty. "Cold to it, close its door." "Worry, keep quiet."

This regimen is too bitter and poor for the feudal ruling class to accept. It is the most difficult thing for people to desire.

The master of Taoism is Zhuangzi. The remarkable feature of Zhuangzi's health preserving theory is to nourish the heart.

Zhuangzi preached "no self", got rid of the bondage of the body, and practiced body and mind in an all-round way. "Zhuangzi Deliberately" cloud: "The way of vegetarianism is only guarded by God; Keep it, don't lose it, be one with God, master it, and be at peace with your family. " 1

"Zhuangzi Zaiyi" describes the extensive practice methods of immortals and is highly respected. Its article: "Zi Nan first fell on the knees of the Yellow Emperor, and then sacrificed to heaven and asked," I have heard for a long time that I have reached the ultimate goal. How can I cure myself? "You should be a child, but you should start to say: the essence of Tao is subtle; At the extreme of the Tao, you are unconscious, ignoring and not listening, sticking to the essence, and your form will correct itself. You must be quiet and clear, and you can live forever without working hard and shaking your essence. "

Zhuangzi pursues the "true realm" of health preservation. What is a real person? "The Great Master Zhuangzi" said: "The real people in ancient times didn't know whether they lived well or died badly, so they couldn't get out. He didn't leave, but suddenly he came, Do not forget your initiative mind, not seeking the end; If you are happy and forget it, it means that you don't have to hurt your heart and help others, so it is called a real person. "

(3) Doctors' concept of keeping in good health

Medicine is closely related to health preservation. China's earliest medical work Huangdi Neijing expounded many health preserving theories.

Advocate both physical and mental cultivation. The first thing is to keep fit and healthy, that is, to nourish the mind and maintain a good mental state.

Advocate to keep in good health by various methods. For example, in terms of diet and health, Su Wen's Time Wheel of Qi-storing Method says: "Five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, five dishes are the supplement, and the smell is consistent to supplement the essence." You can also use massage and other methods. The Biography of Lingshu Disease records "guiding, activating qi, kneading, moxibustion and ironing, pricking and drinking medicine".

Advocate the way of keeping fit with the times. Su Wen Si Qi Tiao Shen records the method of keeping in good health in the four seasons: in spring, we should "lie down at night and get up early, make great strides in court, be slow in shape and have a mission." In summer, you should "lie down at night and get up early, and be insatiable about the sun, so that you can be lifeless." In autumn, we should "go to bed early and get up early, have fun with chickens and the elderly." "Go to bed early and get up late in winter, and be sure to wait for the sun to come out, so that your will will be hidden, hidden, and you will have your own personal feelings. If you are cold, you will be warm, and your breath will be caught. "

Su Wen (on ancient naivety) cited the health preserving methods of sages as examples. Its text: "The ancient people, knowing it, combined yin and yang, combined tricks, ate and drank moderately, lived regularly, and acted rashly, so they were able to be in harmony with God and died at the age of 18." ..... Under the guidance of ancient sages, my husband was called "the thief wind of virtual evil", sometimes avoiding it, indifferent to nothingness, obedient to the true spirit, alert in spirit, and never getting sick. Is a carefree, not afraid of peace of mind, tireless work, spiritual obedience, follow the desire of people, all get what they want. The enemy is beautiful in food, obedient in clothes, happy in customs and does not envy others. His people are too simple to be conspicuous by color, and their lewdness can't confuse their hearts. Ignorance is unworthy. Therefore, they conform to the Tao and can be a hundred years old every year without losing their achievements. "

It should be noted that health preservation is not invented by Confucianism and Taoism at will, but a summary of working people's life experience. The ancients in ancient times took longevity as their best wish. The Book of Songs contains the words "endless", "endless", "longevity" and "longevity", which reflects people's pursuit of longevity.

The content of health preservation in ancient China is very rich, which is related to the ruling class's pursuit of longevity. It is not advisable for us to learn from others' strengths, leave the good ones behind and ignore the bad ones. Can inspire, benefit health, help health and enjoy a happy life!