Xiao: The mouth makes a long, brittle sound, similar to whistling.
In fact, whether "playing the piano" or "whistling" reflects the poet's elegant and free-spirited temperament, which is not easy to cause others to sing.
The following is Xiao about Ruan Ji and Sun Deng.
Ruan Ji Xiao tai
When the horn platform is injured, it is noisy, arrogant and chaotic.
Comrade Sun Deng shouted for a long time, drinking and talking about the accompaniment of Xuanqin.
Poetry Peng Yuntai frustrated, sonorous clank Guangling scattered.
If we aim high, we can learn from Minghu Lake, and the plaintive voice of the Qing people will lead us through the ages.
The following is the story of Ruan Ji Xiao Tai:
In the south wall of Xiaodongmen in Weishi County, there is a high platform several feet high. According to old books, this platform was originally 15 Zhang high, built of rammed earth, with beautiful halls and pines and cypresses on it. This is the famous whistle platform, and it is also one of the eight sights of Wei's "whistle platform breeze". It's a pity that the horn platform presented to people now has no beautiful and spectacular scenery in the past. It seems to be just an ordinary, irregular and round small dirt mountain.
1700 years ago, there was a broad-minded and unruly figure named Ruan Ji, an infantry captain. Because Ruan Ji lived in a turbulent era in the history of China, he saw the disaster brought by turbulent politics, and he resolutely abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. Ruan Ji has a good capacity for drinking and a good temperament. People often see him walking around the city wall as drunk as a fiddler, sometimes playing the piano and sometimes singing. Whenever he plays the piano and sings, nearby villagers and elders gather at the gate to listen. The lyrics he sings, once written down, are excellent poems. Some people say that this is how Ruan's infantry assembled.
At that time, Sima replaced Cao Wei and established the Jin Dynasty. Si Mazhao knew Ruan Ji was a talented person and wanted to hire his daughter as his son and wife. Ruan Ji didn't want to echo, and he was afraid that Sima would hurt himself, so he was drunk for more than 60 days. After waking up, he suddenly became crazy and unusual. Si Mazhao suspected that he was cheating, so he sent someone to find out the truth. This man came to Weishi and saw many strange things done by Ruan Ji one after another.
Once, Ruan Ji went out by car alone and walked all the way until he was cornered, lost his car and cried. After crying, he went back to the East Wall, got into Mao 'an and fell asleep. Is sleeping soundly, coincides with a friend's visit, two people play chess, while drinking, it's really a wine meet bosom friend thousand cups less, diamond cut diamond interested. Just then, the family came to report that Ruan Ji's mother had passed away. He didn't go home until he won the game, but his friends tried to persuade him again and again, but he refused to come back. After playing chess and going home, Ruan Ji neither cried nor mourned, squatting on the ground, intoxicated with it. When a friend came to pay his respects, he didn't accompany him or thank him, but looked at him with a dirty look. For a while, the hair is long and the laughter is endless. For a while, I drink and write poems and play the pipa. Emperor Wen of Jin heard what Ruan Ji had done and believed that he was really crazy. Actually, it's not. This is a means for Ruan Ji to confront the rulers of the dynasty.
Ruan Ji lived to the age of 54 and died. According to legend, in order to commemorate this outstanding writer, people at that time built a high platform under the east wall where he played the piano and sang, and named it Xiaotai. And dig a small lake next to the platform, so that the water and the light of the water reflect the Cooper Hall. Over the years, countless bachelors and celebrities have come to Wei's, all admiring the sages, boarding the platform and expressing their feelings with poems.
Finally, I found an article for you, specifically analyzing "Ruan Ji's Roar"
Ruan Ji's cry
-Interpretation of hometown people
Zhu wenkun
The Book of Jin contains: "Ruan Ji, Wei." Therefore, despite the long dimension of history, Ruan Ji is my hometown. I paid attention to Ruan Ji, starting with a study in college. What surprised me even more was that I learned that this famous Wei-Jin scholar was originally from his hometown. So I read the historical documents about him, visited his descendants and visited his grave, because I was very confused about his life track. Nothing confuses me more than Ruan Ji's screaming. Or to be more specific, nothing is more confusing than Ruan Ji's yelling. The understanding and interpretation of Ruan Ji's Roar will probably start from his whole life.
According to Ruan's genealogy, Ruan originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Ruan family established the Ruan kingdom in the western part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was later destroyed by the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the Ruan family who lost their homes did not surrender to the victors, but embarked on a journey of exile. After thousands of years of changes, the modern distribution of Ruan people started from Gansu to the east and turned to the southeast through Henan. In this direction, most parts of China, including Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong, are said to include foreign countries such as Vietnam, where Ruan people thrive and spread like flowing water.
A man named Ruan in my hometown told me that they were stubborn and noble. If so, I think Ruan Ji and his father in Wei and Jin Dynasties are the most prominent embodiment of Ruan's personality characteristics. Ruan Yuwen is brilliant, proficient in temperament, familiar with the world, and wise to protect himself. During the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao came to Ruan Yu's hometown, eager to get Ruan Yu's name, and planned to accept him as an apprentice. I sent someone to watch him and learned that he fled into the mountains with his elderly mother on his back to avoid military disaster. Cao Cao, eager for talents, spared no expense to release Yamakaji and took Ruan Yu as his own. With music as the medium, she finally touched Ruan Yu's heart. From then on, Ruan Yu devoted herself to Cao Cao's account and served a lean generation with her literary talent. It is said that she is quick-witted and ready to write poetry. With its literary achievements and status, it is enough to prove that he was praised as one of the "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an" by later generations.
Unfortunately, Ruan died young, leaving his widow an orphan. Ruan Ji was four years old. Cao Shuang is an old friend and nephew of Cao Cao. He is full of affection for the world and friendship, so he wrote an article about the widow Fu, which makes people cry. Cao's family is kind, thinking about or thinking about her achievements before her death, and retaining the treatment of her widow and orphan daughter, so that she can live safely all her life.
There will be seeds, and Ruan Ji inherited his father's talent. Not only was he clever since he was a child, but at least years later, he developed a good swordsmanship and superb skills. He thought he could compete with Hou Qucheng, an adult master at that time. This also shows that Ruan Ji is young and has far-reaching influence. When he was young, Ruan Ji was handsome and magnificent, not only with quick thinking, but also with superb martial arts, determined to make contributions. However, with the growth of age, the variables of fate are in the process of the transformation from Cao Shi regime to Sima family. This is a famous allusion to usurping power in the history of China-"Everyone knows the heart of Si Mazhao". In the protracted kingship struggle between Cao Shi Group and Sima Group, Ruan Ji's coveting and plotting against Gao Ping Ling, especially the treachery and cruelty of human nature exposed by killing Gao Pingling, shocked him. Ruan Ji, as a loyal minister of Cao Zhi dynasty, saw the irreversible decline of Cao Zhi regime and was unwilling to bow to Sima Group. The choice he faces is: if he doesn't bend his knees to Sima Group, how can he avoid disaster or even the catastrophe of his life? Therefore, he speaks cautiously, "he doesn't hide characters"; In response to Sima's wooing, he is either drunk or occasionally a small official. However, this is not the solution to the problem after all, so he chose to leave and stay away from the wrong place. There is a legend in my hometown that describes this plot like this: Ruan Ji resigned and returned to his hometown. The Sima Group, which was not at ease with this influential figure among literati, only let him leave in the name of the emperor. Ruan Ji, who was in a dilemma, used the rule of "the emperor speaks with a golden tongue and a jade tongue" to play a trick. He accepted this condition, but secretly sent someone to wait for the arrow in the distance. Before the arrow landed, he grabbed it in his hand and rode away in the direction of his hometown until he ran to a place called "Bamboo Forest" in his hometown and inserted an arrow. This place was later called "Shooting Bamboo Peak"-this was also said by the emperor. Legend has it that Ruan Ji returned to his hometown in this way.
Ruan Ji, who returned to his hometown, was relatively free from external surveillance and self-discipline. Some like-minded friends came to get together with him. At that time, all seven of them were informal romantic celebrities, singing together to sober up, living a life of drunkards together, facing nature together and enjoying themselves together. Later called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Among the seven sages, Ruan Ji and generous Ji Kang are the most congenial. Later, Dan Tao, one of the Seven Sages, took refuge in powerful people and framed his friends. His stubbornness and outspoken became a stepping stone and victim for Ji Kang to curry favor with powerful people, and a group of friends also tragically dispersed because of Dan Tao's betrayal. This incident is undoubtedly another blow to Ruan Ji, making him feel more obedient in life. From then on, he was lonely and depressed. It is in this loneliness and depression that Ruan Ji interprets his life story. On the one hand, he wrote a beautiful poem, which is his elegant inner monologue; On the other hand, his strange behavior reflects his unique understanding and frank response to the world and life.
Speaking of his strange behavior, there are several typical events in history:
The grave of a crying girl. There was a beautiful girl who died at the age of 16 and was buried by her family. The next day, Ruan Ji went to the grave to worship, knelt down and wept bitterly, and returned home. Ruan Ji didn't even know his family and knelt for a long time. His behavior really made the neighborhood look weird and outrageous.
Sleep at Belle Gate. There is a hotel in the street, which is run by a beautiful woman. Ruan Ji admires the beauty of women. Every time she drinks, she lies drunk at the door, just expecting, and there is nothing wrong with it. For a long time, the woman and her husband were not surprised, so they let it go.
Tears of despair. When Ruan Ji is depressed, he often lets the domestic servant set the car and control it by himself. Whipping the bullwhip, then lying in the car with wine and drinking in the sky, when the car stopped, or the river died, or the tree was hard to walk, Ruan Ji returned with tears in despair.
In all the bizarre behaviors about Ruan Ji, few people mentioned his screams. I think this is a big omission.
Ruan Ji's Scream can also be classified as such an event. That is, the roar of the ancient battlefield, the roar of bereavement, the roar of Taiwan Province, and the roar of Sumenshan.
The roar of the ancient battlefield. Ruan Ji visited an ancient battlefield named "Gorge", where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought a crucial battle. In the war, Liu Bang would rather sacrifice the life of his father who was held hostage by Xiang Yu, and finally won. Although Liu Bang later became emperor, his treacherous and disloyal behavior was despised by later generations. Ruan Ji saw him in the same way, so after he went, he shouted at Guangwu City and said, "When there were no heroes, he made Vertical Son famous." An upright man is also a villain.
The cry of mother's death. When his mother was seriously ill, Ruan Ji played chess with others, and the servant came to tell him that his mother had passed away. Ruan Ji was speechless and advised the other party to continue playing chess. It was not until the end of the game that he screamed at the sky and "vomited blood for several liters." From this point of view, the world is quite criticized, but those who know him think that this just reflects his "filial piety."
The roar of the roaring platform. At that time, the small platform was a mound with high mountains and high waters. It is estimated that there are not many steps from where Ruan Ji lives. Judging from some of Ruan Ji's poems, he often goes there to play the piano and recite poems at night, so when it is not enough to vent his depression, he screams at the water.
The roar of Sumen Mountain. Ruan Ji likes traveling alone. He has been to Sumen Mountain. On a boulder at the top of the mountain, he saw an extraordinary man sitting on the boulder, squinting for health. It is estimated that Ruan Ji knew that he was Sun Deng, a good friend of Ji Kang, a Taoist priest. This was an encounter, and Ruan Ji was unprepared. Ruan Ji greeted him, probably introducing his identity first, and then asking him for advice on health preservation. And Sun Deng saw Ruan Ji's insincerity and continued to squint at him. Ruan Ji was very depressed. He blew a long whistle and went down the mountain gloomily. But this long whistle exposed Ruan Ji's true feelings-a psychological depression that has been suppressed for a long time and is hard to let go. However, what was exposed by this long whistle was Sun Deng's understanding of Ruan Ji's thoughts and behaviors, and it was also the significance level that a natural elder was willing to communicate with the younger generation. So, when Ruan Ji walked halfway up the mountain, he heard a voice, which was also a whistle, but it was like a husband and wife singing, and the mountains returned to the forest, bright and straightforward. Ruan Ji's words sounded the alarm, and he quickly went home and wrote a biography of Mr. Adult, expressing his admiration for a natural master and the touch he felt from his free and easy whistle. This is a profound philosophical dialogue reached by whistling, and it is a cultural anecdote witnessed by no third party. In the dust of history and romantic imagination, it left a space for future generations to have endless aftertaste and express their opinions. It is said that Ruan Ji stopped barking from now on.
However, what kind of behavior and situation is Ruan Ji's crying?
In my opinion, in the few articles that interpret Ruan Ji's "Happy Travel", the description of this behavior is detailed enough, and at the same time, the description of happy travel is a bit excessive. You don't know how Ruan Ji screamed out from so many explanations. You can't justify yourself even in an author's article. You even think that he is not defending himself, but playing with knowledge. Even a famous cultural figure has now declared that she is a wolf. In an essay, Ruan Ji's roar at the foggy city was interpreted as a boring hum, and her imagination was frivolous and crazy. It's incredible.
In fact, it may be precisely the defects of modern literati that can interpret Xiao's unique behavior alone, because some of Xiao's behaviors are vulgar. For example, put your finger in your mouth and blow out loud and exciting sounds and tone sandhi. Nowadays, even woodcutters and farmers rarely know this, let alone modern literati, because such behavior is often regarded as "indecent". Indecent, few people know, even fewer people know, so there is no basis for life experience to interpret Xiao.
I used to be familiar with this method of whistling. I learned it inadvertently when I was a teenager in the jungle of my hometown and playing with my friends. I don't know who learned it first, but we all learned it later. Indeed, when we are working (mowing grass) in the Woods on the river beach or playing on the open Yuan Ye, we sew our thumb and forefinger (or middle finger) together, or bend a single finger to make a seam, including the hard advocacy at the entrance, and a sharp and loud sound rises in the air. Within a few miles of Fiona Fang, it seems that the top of the forest, the grass tips, the water surface and the undulating Yuan Ye are all responding, which makes you feel. You can also express your calling meaning with different tone sandhi, and your partner-human and dog-will recognize whether you are calling him or her. When I was a teenager, many teenagers knew how to scream. At that time, we named it "Whistling". This childish behavior is regarded as vulgar and indecent by adults. Once, I heard a roar at home and knew that my partner was inviting everyone to meet at the head of the village. I yelled back and said, "I see, I'll go right away." Then, several whistles sounded in the village. At this time, my mother, who was then a primary school teacher, came out of the room and came up to me with a serious expression and asked me, "Where did you learn this?" I felt something was wrong, so I said, "We all are. What's the matter, mom? " Mother said, "Don't do this again, like a bandit." Indeed, after growing up in life and reading, I can really appreciate how vivid and appropriate it is to describe Xiangma's life with "roaring mountains". I used to envy their happy and unrestrained life. Of course, it is natural for such an emotion to happen to a rural wild child. Even so, after being scolded by my mother, I made an appointment with my companion, and no one in the village was allowed to call people and dogs like that.
When I was growing up in reading, the change of environment and the support of culture alienated me from that voice. When I got to know Ruan Ji in reading, became familiar with him gradually, and was surprised and confused by his whistling, I never thought that "pointing to whistle" was a way of interpretation. However, an article said, 1960 A brick mural unearthed from an ancient tomb in Nanjing described Ruan Ji's whistling, which surprised me, but I always disagreed.
Actually, there are many ways to scream. Screaming with a cuckold or holding your lips and blowing a song can be called "screaming with your mouth open"; The sound made by a leaf or finger can be called "borrowing". "Whispering in the mouth" can be shouting, singing, or pouring out. "Borrowing things" can be playing music, making phone calls, expressing feelings or sending messages. But no matter which whistling method, there are differences in forms and connotations, such as intense and loud, gentle and deep, sad and cheerful, resentful and hearty, pouring out one's heart and sensing foreign objects. Just as a musical instrument is good at expressing a certain emotion, there is a similar restriction between whistling style and interest. Therefore, the interpretation of Ruan Ji's Scream can never be separated from his inner world and specific situation.
Needless to say, Ruan Ji is a good temperament middleman. His life is full of misfortune. Have great ambition to make achievements in adolescence, but lack talent in adulthood; The life course of orphans and widows, their love for each other, and the eternal trauma caused by the loss of their mothers; Free, spontaneous and highly lonely, maintaining the social and political atmosphere of the times and betraying the road of discipline; Elegant aesthetic style, infatuation with beauty and perishable beauty make him sad inside; These are the basic factors that form Ruan Ji's mood, emotion and personality. Ruan Ji wrote eighty-two poems chanting for the memory, with gorgeous words and romantic style, but full of sad details everywhere. In the poem, we can see his real inner world. He lamented his lack of ambition and talent when he was young: "In the past 14 and 15 years, I decided to be an excellent poet. Jeweled with jewels, Yan Min and North Korea. Open the entrance, face the fields and think high. The mound tomb is covered with hills, and all generations live together. Long live a thousand years later, Rong Ming Ann knows. It is to admire the door, and now to ridicule it "("Yong Huai "poem 15). He expressed irony and sorrow for superficial etiquette and hypocritical ethos of the times: "The system of generous donation has always been served. Set the order of precedence, and things will be in order. Let the whole color be decorated and folded. There is xuan wine in the hall, and the room is full of rice beams. Talk about the truth outside, and the fragrance outside will die. Speak from the heart, and then talk about righteousness "("Poems on Huai "No.67). In the sinister environment of fate, Ruan Ji deeply felt the impermanence of honor and disgrace, but how much he admired the life like pine and cypress: "If you hang a car in the southwest, he will be ready to fall." Flowing around the world, suddenly in the evening. It is widely honored that the DPRK is a fairy pool meeting. I'm afraid a poor man can't live until he dies. Depending on the peach blossom, who can take a long photo? Where is the gentleman? I sigh that it is not closed. Looking at Jingshan pine can comfort me. " ("Huai Shi" article 18). In the lonely life thinking, Ruan Ji once envied the secluded life: "The world is complicated and human feelings are bitter. "At any time, the light disappears and the sun is exposed. I'd like to hug Ho Ho, and I won't move the light during the day. Riji road is far away, and there is no beam in the cloud. Zhuofa Yang Jiabin traveled to Kunyue. Climb the hillside and pick this Qiu Lan. There are birds on the road, and Tai Chi can soar "(the thirteenth love poem). However, Ruan Ji, who seems to be spontaneous in behavior, is often lonely and hard to blame: "I can't sleep in the middle of the night, sit up and talk about playing the piano." Thin curtains look at the bright moon, and the breeze blows on the chest. Lonely Hong calls for the wild, birds are singing in the forest in the north, and when you see something, you are sad "("Forever ").
However, how to interpret Ruan Ji's Howl? Among people's various explanations of whistling, I think the possibility of "whistling by borrowing things" should be ruled out first. Imagine that in the above-mentioned scene of Ruan Ji's wailing, or the emotion is fierce or the heart is hard to blame, any method of sounding with foreign objects is not loud enough, but it is extremely frivolous, melodramatic and artificial. In the same way, the situation of "intense emotion or difficult knot" should also be suitable for our examination of "mouth call" In this way, there is a Taoist whistling method that should attract our attention-on Gaogang, or in the open space, raise the gas of Tian Chan and shout at the sky to cleanse the turbidity and dispel the mood, so as to achieve the purpose of physical and mental (qigong) cultivation. In my opinion, Ruan Ji's whistling and this whistling method should be the same, but he is not practicing Qigong. On Sumen Mountain, the whistling dialogue between him and Sun Deng and the differences between them should be a proper proof. Of course, Ruan Ji also played flashy childe when he was young. In that era when whistling was popular, Ruan Ji and his charming son boasted that they composed music or sang poems, which naturally made them "handsome". However, in a typical screaming incident that can show the temperament of an adult Ruan Ji, it should not be understood in this way. Ruan's uniqueness lies in his uniqueness-his unique temperament lies in his unique life.
However, such a unique historical figure is about to be forgotten-even in his hometown of Wei, traces and memories about him are disappearing more and more.
According to the county records, my hometown Weishi County was named after the fief of Wei Liaozi, the general of Qin Dynasty. In the middle of the east wall of the county seat, there is an ancient pagoda, Taiping Temple Tower, which was formally built in the Song Dynasty. Not far from the north of the ancient pagoda, on the east bank of the lake called Dongkeng, before the 1980s, there was a big mound called Xiaotai, named after Ruan Ji. I remember that there was also a winery in the county town at that time, producing a kind of wine with the brand "Xiaotai Daqu". As far as I know, this is all the cultural relics and stationery about Ruan Ji in the county at that time. However, after more than 20 years, the material memory of Ruan Ji, a fellow villager and historical celebrity, has disappeared.
Within 20km of Fiona Fang, there are still villages called "Ruanzhuang" and "Ruan Jia" around the county seat, some of which have the same names. Most of the residents in these villages are Ruan people, and their genealogy records that they are of the same clan as Ruan Ji. This place called "Bamboo Forest" is near Ruanjia Village15km east of the county seat. It is worth mentioning that the tombstone of Ruan Ji, now a cultural relic protected by the government, is erected in this "Ruan Jia" village, and the real location of the cemetery is unknown to people surnamed Ruan in the village. Judging from the ancient concept of "fallen leaves return to their roots", this must be the birthplace of Ruan Ji.
Since "Taiwan" is the place where he shouts on the stage, he should live nearby. With Ruan Ji's identity at that time, he should have lived in a relatively prosperous town nearby, which is probably where the county seat is now.
Let's try our best to exert our historical imagination. Before the vicissitudes of 1000, the population of the Central Plains was not dense because of the war. Now the county seat should be a town with concentrated population, and there are also trade centers and local administrative agencies that produce daily necessities. That mound should be a mountain bag; That "Dongkeng" should be a big lake; That town should also look antique; And that place, which is now called "bamboo forest" but has almost no "bamboo", should be a place with lush bamboo forests, flowing water and beautiful natural scenery in the Jin Dynasty. Ruan Ji wandered around here alone, occasionally howling about his life and his feelings about things and things. What kind of cry should it be: intense and loud, cramped or long; With a loud cry, I cried out nameless anxiety and sadness. Although his howling is so conscious, it sounds to his knowledgeable people, but it can be generally recognized in the depths of his soul.
However, in the sense of understanding and cherishing Ruan Ji, how many people can there be in the past or today? Yes, people's limited understanding of him is mostly concentrated on his literary achievements. However, from the spiritual and historical aspects of our Chinese nation, from the perspectives of philosophy, politics, personality psychology, folklore and culturology, how capable are we to know him? Imagine a talented, graceful and ambitious person. The change of social and political environment distorts his ideal stage to show his ambition in life, but he is firmly grasped by the invisible claws of this ugly stage and can't get away. In the cruel power struggle, we should not only protect our personality from being defiled, but also avoid the courtship of powerful people skillfully and cautiously, so as to save the life raised by his cherished and uncontrollable widowed mother. He is afraid to avoid the disaster, hunched in the invisible shackles of life, but he can't completely resist the sensitive and profound active soul, and can only rely on uncontrollable howling occasionally to get temporary physical and mental relaxation. However, when the usurper who wanted to be a bitch and set up a memorial archway forced this powerful and arrogant person to write "Persuade Surrender" and set up this memorial archway for them with dignity, Ruan Ji, who was cautious and good at coping all his life, was finally forced into a corner. When he wrote "Persuading the Golden Tablet" with the talent that was called the magic pen by later generations,
Therefore, in such a life course, in his hometown and in vilen, he occasionally howls, which has a strong and frightening life connotation. For the history of our national spirit, for the future of our national spirit, for the spiritual pursuit and freedom of everyone in our life, how can we not record this voice forever in today's cultural construction! Whenever we face this figure by hanging on a historic site or looking through history, how can we not listen to this ancient voice wholeheartedly!