There are two types of asexual reproduction of plants, as follows:
One: vegetative reproduction
The reproductive mode in which vegetative organs (roots, leaves and stems) of plants produce new individuals is called vegetative reproduction. For example, the tubers of potatoes, the roots of thistles, the creeping branches of strawberries and the leaves of begonia can all germinate, and these buds can form new individuals.
Nutritional reproduction can make offspring keep their parents' traits, so people often use artificial methods such as rooting, cutting, grafting, layering and high pressure to propagate flowering fruit trees.
The vegetative propagation in the natural state is called natural vegetative propagation. Such as strawberry creeping branches, begonia leaves and potato tubers; Artificial assisted vegetative propagation is called artificial vegetative propagation. Such as cutting and grafting
Second, tissue culture.
Plant cells are omnipotent. According to this theory, plant propagation can be completed by using plant tissue culture technology. The general process of plant tissue culture is as follows: under aseptic conditions, plant organs, tissues and cells are cut off and cultured in an appropriate artificial medium, and these organs or tissues will undergo cell division and form new tissues. However, this tissue has not undergone cell differentiation. Under the action of proper light, temperature, some nutrients and plant hormones, these cells begin to differentiate, produce tissues and organs, and then develop into complete plants.
Plant tissue culture is not only less material, short culture period, high reproduction rate and virus-free, but also convenient for automatic management. This technology has been widely used in the rapid propagation of fruit trees and flowers and the cultivation of virus-free plants. For example, the shoot tips of orchids and chrysanthemums can produce 400,000 orchid seedlings a year. For another example, plants that reproduce asexually for a long time often accumulate a large number of viruses in their bodies, thus affecting the yield and ornamental value of plants. It has been found that only the shoot tip and root tip are virus-free. Therefore, people have obtained virus-free strains of many plants, such as potatoes, strawberries, chrysanthemums, etc., by using stem tips for tissue culture, and achieved considerable economic benefits.
Examples of plants:
Pepper grass: The leaves of pepper grass can form new roots, send out buds and roots and grow into new plants when raised in water.
Potatoes: Potato tubers germinate and can be transplanted.