Teaching objectives

Knowledge and skills

1. Accumulate words, pronounce correctly, remember fonts clearly, and understand the meaning of key words.

2. Understand the relationship between viewpoints and supporting materials, central arguments and sub-arguments.

3. Cultivate the ability to read independently, explore carefully and discuss actively.

Process and method

1. In fast and efficient silent reading, grasp the structure of the article, understand the thinking of the article, and understand the common methods of reasoning and examples in argumentative writing.

2. Experience the rigorous and peaceful features of this language.

Emotional attitudes and values

Understand the great significance of creative thinking in real life, and encourage students to strive to become creative and creative people.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

1. Master the reasoning ideas and the method of demonstrating this article with facts.

2. Understand the relationship between ideas and the materials that support them.

3. Understand the meaning of the sentence "The real key to creativity lies in how to use knowledge".

4. Taste the expressive effect of rhetorical questions.

teaching tool

Teaching PPT, reading audio aloud

teaching method

1. Situational teaching method.

2. Interactive inquiry method.

Teaching time

2 class hours

teaching process

first kind

First, an interesting introduction.

Students, a piece of white paper has four corners. How many corners does it have if you cut it off? (3, 5 ... It depends on the cutting method, which may be oblique cutting, cutting only a small angle, or bending an angle ...) It can be seen that there is not only one correct answer to things in life, just as Su Dongpo said in his poem: "Looking from the side of a ridge, the distance is different." Everything is observed and thought from different angles, and the conclusions are different, which requires us to have creative thinking. Today, let's learn a text about this truth-about creative thinking.

Second, the knowledge card

1. Author file

Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha 8226; Cost 8226; Eng, born in 1948, is an American industrialist, scholar and creationist. His published works include "Kicking Sleeping Heart" and "The First Foot".

"The truly happy people are children and creative people" is his famous saying.

2. Background link

This article is selected from Selected Textbooks of Chinese and Foreign Mother Languages (Jiangsu Education Press, 2000).

In the process of life and study, many people are bound by traditional ideas and tend to form fixed thinking patterns. They are not good at using knowledge flexibly and can't think outside the circle. In addition, there are still some people in life who think that invention is a genius, have no chance with themselves, and don't believe that they can invent and create, which leads to self-repression and eventually loss of creativity. This article is written for this situation.

3. Vocabulary accumulation

(1) Difficult words

Di (di), Ji (jí), Yuan (yun), Heng (heng), Zha (zhà) and Qi (qi).

(2) Keywords

Exploration: exploration and pursuit.

Suck: Suck.

Profound: (knowledge) profound and extensive.

Creativity: Creative ideas or ideas.

Materials: refers to raw materials that have not been refined and processed.

Deliberate: Metaphor refers to repeatedly weighing words and thinking.

Deep-rooted: metaphor has a deep and firm foundation and cannot be shaken.

Effective: Effective implementation means that a certain method or measure has been implemented and proved to be very effective.

Diligence: Diligence and indefatigability. Diligence, diligence and indefatigability.

Perseverance: long-term persistence. Perseverance, perseverance

It goes without saying: Needless to say. Yu, I see.

Simplicity: It is simple to describe things.

Perseverance: Carve something and never let it go. Metaphor is perseverance and perseverance. Carve, carve.

Second lesson

First, the initial perception

1. Discussion on the theme

"Talking about creative thinking" is not only the title of the article, but also the object of discussion by the author.

2. Hierarchical interpretation

The first part (paragraph 1 ~ 3) puts forward the view that "there is not only one way to solve problems in life, but there are many ways" (that is, there is more than one correct answer to things), and emphasizes the importance of "not being satisfied with one answer and not giving up exploration".

The second part (paragraph 4 ~ 12) puts forward the view that "seeking the second answer or other paths and new methods to solve the problem depends on creative thinking"; Discuss the basic elements of creative thinking; The difference between creativity and lack of creativity is pointed out.

The third part (paragraph 13): It is concluded that "anyone is creative". As long as he has profound knowledge, attitude and consciousness to explore new things and perseverance, he is a creative person.

Second, a deep understanding

1. The article says: "One of the main reasons for distinguishing whether people are creative or not is that creative people pay attention to their own small ideas." Why do you say that?

From the social development, we can see that the genius creation of great men often begins with small ideas: Newton created the theory of gravity from thinking about the problem of apple falling; Watt improved the steam engine by observing the boiling water in the pot against the lid; Pan Jiadun, a great French mathematician, made great achievements in mathematics, most of which began with "small ideas that came out unintentionally". There are also those who have great ideas from the beginning, but very few. It seems to be a rule that small ideas gradually develop into big creations.

2. Why should we establish a new way of thinking about things with more than one correct answer? What kind of argument does the author use to illustrate this truth? What other argumentation methods are used in the article?

(1) Because only by recognizing that there is more than one correct answer to something, not being satisfied with one answer, and not giving up the search, can we find something, create something and make progress.

(2) The author uses the method of positive and negative contrast to illustrate this truth. Say "if you think there is only one correct answer, stop when you find the answer"; As mentioned earlier, "It is very important not to be satisfied with an answer and not to give up exploration". Positive and negative contrast makes reasoning comprehensive and thorough, and enhances persuasiveness.

(3) For example, when discussing what elements must be possessed to produce creative thinking, the author cited the examples of Gutenberg's invention of printing machine and typesetting and Roland 8226; An example of bushnell's invention of interactive table tennis video game. The case is typical, representative and concrete.

Citation argument, such as paragraph 10, refers to the research conclusion of a psychological expert group.

Concluding remarks

Starting with a multiple-choice question, this paper expounds what creative thinking is and how to make yourself a creative person, and calls on people to firmly believe in their creativity, strive to remain curious, keep exploring and become creative people.

blackboard-writing design

Question: It is very important not to be satisfied with an answer and not to give up looking.

Analysis problem: the essential element of creative thinking and the main foundation of creativity.

Problem solving: To be a creative person, the key is to go deeper and deeper.

Two Series of Courseware on Self-cultivation, the first volume of ninth grade Chinese.

Teaching objectives

Knowledge and ability

1. Master the sound, form and meaning of the words "recklessness, fatigue and self-restraint".

2. Read through the text and master the main content of the article.

Process and method

1. Straighten out the argumentation ideas of the article. Understand what real education and manners are.

2. Understand the role of example argumentation and comparative argumentation used in this article.

Emotional attitudes and values

Make clear the author's point of view and learn to be a truly educated and elegant person.

Important and difficult

Teaching focus

Straighten out the argumentation ideas of the article.

Teaching difficulties

Understand the role of example argument and comparative argument used in this paper.

Class arrangement

1 class hour

teaching process

One class hour

First, the introduction of new courses.

As we all know, getting an education is a very important thing. However, everyone's understanding of parenting may be different. So, in the writer and literary theorist Dmitry? Likhachev's eyes, how can you be educated? Today we will study his article "On Education" to explore the answer to this question.

Second, prepare independently.

1. Background information

Dmitry? Likhachev (1906- 1999) was one of the intellectuals, politicians, writers, literary theorists and activists in the former Soviet Union in the 20th century. He was born in St. Petersburg and witnessed the October Revolution. /kloc-entered the university to study anthropology and linguistics at the age of 0/7. 1938 entered Leningrad Russian Literature Institute. Participated in the defense of Leningrad. 1946- 1953, professor at Leningrad University. 197 1 was elected as an academician of the Soviet academy of sciences (now the Russian academy of sciences). 1986, he began to look for the roots of Russian culture. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, its status was equivalent to Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. As a master of culture, he devoted his life to the motherland and became a symbol of Russian knowledge in the 20th century.

Check preview

(1) Pronunciation correction

Rush (wool), fatigue (kn), anger (tíng), self-restraint (hán), with all due respect (shù).

Blow your own horn (li), abide by (kè), promise (nuò), self-restraint (chí), absorption (jí), affectation (jio).

Wriggle (ni), proverb (zhn), chew (jué), ramble (xù), and be embarrassed (gn).

In-situ (chù), Teaching (jio), Difficulties (nán)

Situation, upbringing and disaster

(2) Definition of words

Indifference: indifference, indifference. Desert: cold.

Follow one's inclinations: Do what you want according to your own wishes. Follow, put down; Want, want.

Go your own way: it means not accepting other people's advice and stubbornly following your own subjective ideas.

Blow your own horn. Metaphor boasts. Beating gongs and drums.

Affectation: To describe is too affectation and unnatural. Straighten the bend. Bend the straight one.

Arty: in order to decorate the facade, make friends with literati and participate in related cultural activities.

Random strain: flexible strain according to the situation. Opportunity, opportunity, situation.

Third, cooperative exploration.

(A) the overall perception

1. What is the main idea of this article?

For example, this paper compares and analyzes many cases through many phenomena of "educated" and "uneducated", and naturally draws its own conclusions to explore the essence of "true education" and "elegant demeanor".

2. What is the argumentation idea of this article?

Examples of answers: Part I (paragraphs 1 and 2): Cut to the chase and introduce the theme.

The second part (paragraph 3- 12): Let's talk about the example of "uneducated" first, then talk about the performance of "educated" and discuss what "educated" is.

The third part (paragraph 13- 18): demonstrate what "elegance" is by enumerating examples and phenomena.

(2) Research and analysis

1. Break through the difficulties

(1) What does paragraph 5- 10 mainly discuss? What are the similarities between these paragraphs?

For example, paragraph 5- 10 mainly discusses the performance of illiteracy from the opposite side. The discussion in these paragraphs assumes that a person is polite outside but disrespectful to his family at home. In contrast, it reflects how a person can be regarded as educated.

(2) What is the argumentation thinking of the author when discussing "demeanor"?

For example, let's talk about books about "etiquette", ask questions about treating people, and then refute wrong views. Then explain the origin of grace. Then, the phenomena of manners are listed and the principles followed by manners are discussed. The final conclusion is: in order to maintain elegant manners, we must respect others.

(3) Illustrate the main argumentation method of this paper with examples.

Example of answer: give an example to demonstrate. In this paper, paragraphs 5- 10 and 17 are all discussed with examples. Paragraph 5- 10 lists examples of bad upbringing, and paragraph 17 lists concrete manifestations of elegant manners. These examples vividly prove what real education and elegant manners are.

Comparative argument. This paper adopts the method of comparative demonstration in many places. In paragraph 5- 10, each paragraph lists the performance of illiteracy through hypothesis and comparison, which reflects the specific direction of illiteracy. The second part of the two layers is also the first layer. First, the example of "uneducated" is given, and then the performance of "educated" is given, so that through comparison, the real education situation can be better reflected.

2. Explore writing methods

What are the writing characteristics of this article?

Examples of answers: (1) The writing is vivid, smart and clear. From discussing education itself to analyzing the important performance of education-"elegant demeanor", the author's basic point of view runs through: the essence of education is respect. As a "letter" written to teenagers, it has the logic and inference to discuss the problem, a large number of vivid examples, and incisive views and aphorisms, which are thought-provoking and worth chewing and tasting repeatedly.

(2) Various methods and strong arguments. Example: Paragraphs 5- 10 and 17 of this paper are all discussed with examples. Paragraph 5- 10 lists examples of bad upbringing, and paragraph 17 lists concrete manifestations of elegant manners. These examples vividly prove what real education and elegant manners are. Comparative argument: this paper uses the method of comparative argument in many places. In paragraph 5- 10, each paragraph lists the performance of illiteracy through hypothesis and comparison, which reflects the specific direction of illiteracy. The second part of the two layers is also the first layer. First, the example of "uneducated" is given, and then the performance of "educated" is given, so that through comparison, the real education situation can be better reflected.

Fourth, class summary.

Students, through the study of this text, we know the importance of education and how to get it. I believe that the author's point of view must give you a lot of inspiration. Of course, everyone must have a lot of views on education, and we can continue to discuss and discuss it after class. But in any case, we should learn from the author and be an educated person.

V. Practical design

Please complete the corresponding training in this lesson.

The third edition of the courseware "On Cultivation", the first volume of ninth grade Chinese.

Interpretation of teaching materials:

On Education is an argumentative essay. Through many phenomena of "educated" and "uneducated", it is simple and practical to explore the essence of "true education" and "elegant demeanor". The author does not generalize, but naturally draws his own conclusions from the comparative analysis of many cases. The article is vivid, wise and clear-headed. From discussing education itself to analyzing the important performance of education-"elegant demeanor", it runs through the author's basic point of view: the essence of education is respect.

As a "letter" to teenagers, this article is worth reading by middle school students and discussing by teachers and students. This is a good model of ideological and moral education for teenagers. Therefore, teachers should guide students to chew and taste the incisive judgments and aphorisms in the article repeatedly, sort out the ideas of the article, analyze and learn the methods of comparative argumentation and example argumentation.

Teaching objectives:

1. Read through the full text and straighten out the argumentation ideas of the article. Understand what is "true education" and "personable".

2. Understand the role of example argumentation and comparative argumentation used in this article.

3. Make clear the author's point of view and learn to be a truly educated and elegant person.

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Key points: 1. Understand the author's point of view and sort out the argumentation ideas of the article.

2. Understand the role of example argumentation and comparative argumentation used in this article.

Difficulty: learn the specific argumentation ideas analyzed by examples in the article.

Teaching methods and learning methods:

Teaching method: appreciation and taste method: in teaching, with the help of the good opportunity that students' world outlook has just formed, guide students to learn what is true education and what is elegance, and guide students' words and deeds with the viewpoint of the article.

Learning methods: Comparative reading appreciation method: There are many contrasts in the article itself, such as listing examples of uneducated first, then talking about what real education is, guiding students to compare reading, drawing conclusions through comparison, and understanding the author's point of view faster.

Teaching preparation:

Teacher: Prepare courseware including preview test, question guidance, blackboard design, classroom test, etc.

Students: preview the text before class; Collect famous sayings and aphorisms about "education"; Solve the pronunciation and meaning of new words in "reading, writing and writing"

Class arrangement:

1 class hour

Explore new courses

Teaching process:

Teachers' Design Intention of Teaching Strategies in Teaching Links

First of all, introduce the text, stimulate interest and stimulate thinking. (About 3 minutes) Introduction Method 1: (Topic introduction)

Educator Suhomlinski said: "Nothing is more intelligent and complicated than human love. She is the most delicate, simple, beautiful and common flower among flowers. The name of this flower cluster is education. " The Greek philosopher Heraclitus also said: "Education is the second sun for educated people." So, how can we become an educated person? What are the ways to receive education? Today, let's go into the book On Education by Likhachev and discuss what real education is.

Import method 2: (background import)

Dmitry, former academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences? Sergeyevich? Lihachev is the most outstanding scholar and writer in the contemporary era. First, let the teacher introduce his book Letters of Goodness and Beauty. These "letters" have no specific recipients, but are for all readers. This book is written for young people, aiming to tell them that taking the right path is the most feasible and correct. After reading this book, readers will know that his advice involves all aspects of life and people benefit from it. This is a collection of letters full of wisdom, and it is the heartfelt words of a noble tutor. His talent lies in persuasion and being good at communicating with students. On Education is selected from The Letter of Goodness and Beauty written by Hashoff. Quoting famous sayings and aphorisms about parenting can lead to topics, which will help students directly enter the classroom and concentrate as soon as possible.

Through the brief introduction of Letters of Goodness and Beauty, students can have a general understanding of the main contents of the book, and at the same time understand the content tendency and readers of the article to be studied, which lays the foundation for students to better understand the main idea of the article.

Second, read the text for the first time and talk about your feelings. (about 15 minutes) (1) Check the preview and learn common sense.

The teacher's courseware shows the new words in this article, leaving the meaning of phonetic notation and keywords. Students discuss and solve in groups. The teacher finally dialed and made it clear. )

1. Pay attention to the following words.

Abide by (kè), promise (nuò), self-control (chí)

Draw (jí), twist (niē), proverb (zhēn)

Chong (Mao), Embarrassment (gān), Self-restraint (hán)

Affection (Ji m: o), pour out (xi)

mingle with men of letters in cultural activities and pose as a cultured person―be a lion-hunter

Furious (tíng) and polite (bιn)

blow one's own trumpet/horn

2. Explain the following words.

(1) Hasty: hasty and thoughtless.

(2) Courtesy: describe the appearance of being personable and polite. Binbin, originally meant to have both literature and art, was later described as elegant.

(3) indifference: indifference, indifference. Desert: cold.

(4) follow one's inclinations: do what you want according to your own meaning. Follow, put down; Want, want.

(5) Go your own way: it means not accepting other people's suggestions and stubbornly following your own subjective ideas.

(6) blow your own horn. Metaphor boasts. Beating gongs and drums.

(7) affectation: it is unnatural to describe too affectation. Straighten the bend. Bend the straight one.

(8) Arty: In order to decorate the facade, make friends with literati and participate in related cultural activities (mostly derogatory).

(9) There is nothing but appearance: emptiness has its appearance, but it is not real.

(10) improvise: respond flexibly as the situation changes. Opportunity, opportunity, situation.

(1 1): Put on an artificial or exaggerated posture; Not natural or natural.

3. Communicate and collect information about relevant authors in the group, and the teacher will supplement it.

(Courseware demonstration)

(1) About the author:

Dmitry? Likhachev (1906— 1999) was one of the Russian intellectuals, politicians, writers and literary theorists in the 20th century. He was born in St. Petersburg and witnessed the October Revolution. /kloc-entered the university to study anthropology and linguistics at the age of 0/7. 1938 entered Leningrad Russian Literature Institute. Participated in the defense of Leningrad. 1946 to 1953, professor at Leningrad University. 197 1 was elected as an academician of the Soviet academy of sciences (now the Russian academy of sciences). From 65438 to 0986, he began to look for the roots of Russian culture. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, its status was equivalent to Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. As a master of culture, he devoted his life to the motherland and became a symbol of Russian knowledge in the 20th century.

(2) overall perception, first understand the text.

Students read the text for the first time and understand the main content of the article around the following questions. )

1. Where does the author think education is first embodied?

Clarity: The author believes that education is first embodied in the family.

2. What does paragraph 5- 10 mainly discuss? What are the similarities between these paragraphs?

Clear: Paragraph 5- 10 mainly discusses a person's ill-bred performance from the opposite side. These paragraphs all assume that a person is polite outside, but has no respect for his family at home. In contrast, it reflects how a person is educated.

3. How to understand the title of this article?

In On Education, the word "on" determines the nature of the article; "Education" is the theme of this article, which also implies the arguments of this article, namely "educated" and "real education". The purpose of checking preview is to test the effect of students' preview before class, and pave the way for teachers to know the learning situation in time and adjust the teaching focus.

Guiding students to perceive the text on the basis of reading the text for the first time and sorting out the ideas of the text initially can give students a complete cognition and help them grasp the text as a whole.

Third, cooperate and explore, and enter the country through the text. (About 20 minutes) (1) Read the text again and sort out the structure.

Sort out the argumentation ideas of this paper, divide the structural levels and summarize the significance.

(After the cooperation in the group is completed, the teacher will patrol and guide, and it will be clear after the exchange. )

Clarity: Part I (1, 2): Cut to the chase and introduce the theme.

The second part (3- 12): Let's talk about the example of "uneducated" first, then talk about the performance of "educated" and discuss what "educated" is.

The first floor (3- 10): through hypothesis and comparison, list examples of uneducated people.

The second layer (1 1, 12): discuss what real education is from the front.

The third part (13-18): demonstrate what "elegance" is by enumerating examples and phenomena.

(2) Study the text and explore deeply.

In the form of group communication, discuss the following questions and study the text in depth. )

1. In the second part, let's talk about the example of "no culture" first, and then talk about the performance of "culture". What are the advantages of writing like this?

Clarity: This writing helps to highlight what is really cultured. Especially after enumerating a large number of examples and phenomena, readers can understand what is "educated" by comparison.

2. In this article, the author turns from discussing "upbringing" to discussing "demeanor". What is the internal relationship between them?

Clarity: Education is the foundation of grace, and grace is the external expression of education.

3. What is the argumentation thinking of the author when discussing "demeanor"?

First, talk about the books about "demeanor", put forward the problem of treating people, and then refute the wrong point of view. Then explain the origin of grace. Then, the phenomenon of grace is listed and the principles that should be followed in developing grace are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that we must respect others in order to maintain elegant manners.

(3) Appreciate sentences and pay attention to inquiry.

Teachers guide students to read the following sentences repeatedly, and then combine the main idea of the article with the relationship between the preceding and following sentences to understand the expression effect of key words or sentences. Group discussion and in-class communication. )

Tasting highlights:

(1) Taste the function of underlined words in "Remember not to interfere with each other".

Clear: "Remember" means to remember. This is both a warning and an opinion.

(2) Understand the expression effect of underlined words in "If you understand this and add a little improvisation wisdom, then grace will come to you automatically".

Clear: "If ... plus ... and then ..." This group of related words shows the logical relationship before and after the sentence, and also appropriately discusses how to obtain "grace".

(3) "If a person has entered adulthood and still takes care of his parents as a matter of course, but at the same time he can't see that his parents also need care and help, then he can't be said to be an educated person." What is the function of the related words in this sentence?

Clear: "If … then ……" constitutes a set of hypothetical complex sentences. This shows that this phenomenon is hypothetical and not necessarily true; It is in line with human thinking to draw a hypothetical conclusion through hypothetical reasons; Mapping a social phenomenon to awaken individuals with similar phenomena. The three steps of this link are in-depth, that is, from the whole to the local cognitive text, grasp the main content of the article, and sort out the ideas of the article. In this process, teachers guide students to discuss in groups and complement each other, fully mobilize every student to participate in the classroom, think independently and express their opinions, and give full play to students' subjective initiative.

Fourth, compare and comb, accumulate and use. (about 7 minutes) (1) Explore the main idea.

1. Illustrate the main argumentation method of this paper with examples.

Clear: (1) Give an example. Examples are discussed in paragraphs 5- 10 and 17. Paragraph 5- 10 lists examples of "bad manners" and paragraph 17 lists concrete manifestations of "elegant manners". These examples vividly prove what is true education and elegance.

(2) Comparative demonstration. This paper adopts the method of comparative demonstration in many places. In paragraph 5- 10, each paragraph lists the performance of uneducated through hypothesis and comparison, which reflects the specific direction of uneducated. The first two layers of the second part first talk about the example of "uneducated", and then talk about the performance of "educated", so that through comparison, it can better reflect the real education situation.

2. Tell me the main content of this article.

Clarity: Through many phenomena of "educated" and "uneducated", this paper explores the essence of "true education" and "manners", and draws a conclusion naturally by comparing and analyzing many examples, which will help us understand what true education and manners are and guide us to strive to be an educated person.

(2) Expansion and extension

According to your own reality, talk about how to be educated.

Communicate in groups and combine your own examples when you speak. After a student has finished speaking, other students will evaluate and supplement it. )

(3) Teacher-student summary

Students talk about the harvest first, and then the teacher adds it. )

This article is vivid, wise and clear-headed. From discussing education itself to analyzing the important performance of education-"elegant demeanor", it runs through the author's basic point of view: the essence of education is respect. As a "letter" to teenagers, there are not only logic and inferences to discuss the problem, but also a lot of vivid examples. Coupled with incisive views and aphorisms, it is thought-provoking and worthy of repeated chewing and tasting. In particular, the truth expounded in this paper is worth learning by every student, so that he can become a truly educated person in his own life and in his interaction with others. This link is mainly to guide students to understand the main idea of this article, to guide students to talk about their own cognition of "being educated", and to let students really understand how to be educated.

Blackboard design:

The first part (1, 2): Cut to the chase and introduce the topic.

On the second part of education (3- 12): Let's talk about the example of "uneducated" first, then talk about the performance of "educated" and discuss what "educated" is.

The third part (13-18): demonstrate what "elegance" is by enumerating examples and phenomena.