I vitamin B 1 deficiency
Vitamin B 1, also known as thiamine, can further decompose metabolic intermediates lactic acid and pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water, and promote their synthesis of glycogen in the liver. It is also related to the synthesis of acetylcholine. When lacking, it can cause toxic pyruvate to accumulate in tissues, affect the energy supply of nerve tissues, and damage the functions of kidneys, myocardium and nerve tissues. The application of vitamin B 1 can obtain obvious curative effect.
Because of the loss of vitamin B 1 in the process of grain finishing, children should be given some coarse rice flour. In addition, beans, peanuts and fresh vegetables also contain more vitamin B 1.
Second, vitamin B2 deficiency.
Vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, participates in the redox metabolism of human body. When it is deficient, angular stomatitis and changes in lips, tongue, eyes and skin will occur. The treatment is vitamin B2 supplementation.
Vitamin B2 mainly exists in lean meat, liver, milk, yeast and vegetables.
Third, vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
Vitamin c participates in redox reaction in vivo; Participate in the synthesis of collagen and interstitial tissue; Can activate the body's enzyme system; Increase antibody function and have detoxification effect. When it is insufficient, it can increase the permeability and brittleness of capillaries in the whole body, which is easy to cause bleeding; It hinders the growth of granulation tissue and makes the wound difficult to heal; Bone and hematopoietic function will also be impaired. Vitamin c supplementation can make the symptoms disappear.
Vitamin C is widely found in fresh fruits and vegetables, and will be destroyed during high-temperature processing. Therefore, when eating vegetables and fruits to supplement vitamin C, they should be washed and eaten immediately.
Water-soluble vitamins are soluble in water, so some wrong cooking methods will lead to their loss. For example, when cooking, cut vegetables first and then wash them; Cooking and boiling water takes too long, and I like to eat soup-discarded food. I hope young parents will pay attention.
When the human body ingests too much water-soluble vitamins, it can be excreted through urine, which usually does not cause adverse reactions. However, blindly giving children a lot of vitamin preparations will also bring harm to their health. For example, taking a large amount of vitamin C can cause diarrhea and urinary calculi.
Four. Vitamin a deficiency
Vitamin A is the raw material for synthesizing rhodopsin, which maintains the dark vision of human body. It can also maintain the normal function of epithelial tissue and promote growth and development. Lack of vitamin A can lead to night blindness, dry eye and keratomalacia.
To treat vitamin A deficiency, we should not only supplement vitamin A, but also find out the diseases that affect vitamin A absorption and treat them. It is also necessary to prescribe the right medicine.
Vitamin A exists in meat, liver, egg yolk, carrots, spinach, pumpkins, tomatoes and other vegetables. At present, vitamin A is often added to milk on the market. The combined preparation of vitamin A and vitamin D is cod liver oil.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) has too much vitamin A.
Taking a large amount of vitamin A at a time can cause acute vitamin A poisoning, which is characterized by a temporary increase in intracranial pressure within 24 hours. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and bulging of the anterior fontanel appear. The symptoms can gradually disappear after stopping using. If you take a lot of vitamin A or cod liver oil for a long time, you will also have excessive vitamin A, which is manifested as anorexia, itchy skin, hair loss, irritability, joint pain and other symptoms. Treatment should first stop using vitamin A and its preparations until the symptoms are relieved.
Six, vitamin D deficiency rickets
Vitamin D can promote calcium and phosphorus absorption, reduce urinary phosphorus excretion and promote normal calcification of bones. When it is insufficient, rickets can occur, such as night crying, sweating, loss of appetite, baldness of the pillow, skull softening, beading of ribs, horizontal invagination of the lower part of the thorax, thickening of the wrists and ankles, and bending of the lower limbs.
The treatment method is vitamin D supplementation, and the route of administration can be selected according to the situation. Those who lack obvious should be injected. In addition, children can easily correct chest deformities. When the deformity of lower limbs is obvious, surgical correction should be considered.
Ultraviolet rays can convert 7- deoxycholesterol in the skin into vitamin D3, so sunbathing is a good way to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Pay attention to sunbathing. It is best to do it in 10- 14 in winter, in the morning and afternoon in spring and autumn, and after 5 pm in summer. Don't sunbathe through the glass, and don't cover it. Most milk on the market is supplemented with vitamin D.
Seven, vitamin D surplus.
Excessive intake of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal calcification of soft tissues, polyuria, proteinuria and anemia. The treatment is to stop using vitamin D and its preparations and limit the intake of calcium salt.