2. Experience:
(1) Zhuangzi used to be a painter, living in poverty, but despising wealth, power, fame and fortune, trying to maintain an independent personality in troubled times and pursue carefree spiritual freedom.
(2) The feudal emperors paid special attention to Zhuangzi's important contribution in the history of China literature and thought. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzi was named "South China Real Person", later called "South China Real Person". Zhuangzi wrote more than 100,000 words in his life, entitled "Zhuangzi". Zhuangzi is also known as the Southern Classic of China. His articles are full of romanticism and have a great influence on later literature. This document is a treasure in China's ancient books.
3. I thought:
(1) His thoughts contain simple dialectical factors. His main idea is "Heaven does nothing", and he thinks that everything is changing. He thinks "Tao" is "the land of nature". From "Tao begins with sealing", Zhuangzi mainly thinks that nature is better than man-made, advocates uselessness, and thinks that great uselessness is useful.
(2) Just like "an ugly tree is considered useless, a carpenter wants to find a tree to make a beam, but the tree is too bent to make a beam; The second carpenter asked a tree for a grinding handle to bend it, but the tree was so ugly that he could do nothing. The third carpenter wanted to make wheels, but the tree didn't grow well and was useless in some ways. But in Zhuangzi's view, uselessness means usefulness, and great uselessness means great achievements. Therefore, what Zhuangzi advocates is useless spirit (that is, "Tao" has no boundaries), which belongs to the subjective idealism system.
(3) "Tao" is also the foundation and highest category of his philosophy, that is, the concept of the origin and essence of the world, and it is also the realm of people's understanding. Advocate "inaction" and give up everything. He also thinks that everything is relative, fantasizes about a subjective spiritual realm of "Heaven and Earth coexist with me, and everything and I are one" (The Theory of Everything), and turns to relativism and fatalism. Politically, it advocates "governing by doing nothing" and opposes all social systems.
4. Works:
(1) Zhuangzi's articles, with rich imagination, changeable writing style and strong romanticism, are humorous and satirical in the form of fables, which have a great influence on the literary language of later generations. His extraordinary imagination and unpredictable fables constitute Zhuangzi's unique and peculiar imaginary world. "Beyond the dust, strange things happen." (Liu Xizai's A Brief Introduction to Art and Literature) Zhuang Zhou, his disciples and later scholars wrote Zhuangzi, one of the Taoist classics (regarded as a southern classic by Taoism). There are 52 Zhuangzi articles recorded in the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art, and only 33 exist.
(2) It is divided into external articles, internal articles and miscellaneous articles. Among them, there are seven chapters, which are generally designated as Zhuangzi; Foreign essays may be mixed with his disciples and later Taoist works. Zhuangzi is of great philosophical and literary research value. To study China's philosophy, we must read Zhuangzi. To study China literature, we must read Zhuangzi. Mr. Lu Xun once said, "His writing style is Wang Yang's, and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers should not be the first. " Famous articles (Outline of the History of Chinese Literature) include Wandering, On Everything, Lord of Health Care, etc. And the master of health care is especially famous in later generations.