1, Linjiang Elk
Original text:
People by the river get elk and livestock. Introduction, dog covet, all here. He is angry and arrogant. Naturally, it is the day to hold the dog, learn to show, stay still and play a little. After a long time, all dogs are satisfied. Elk is a little old, and I forget my own elk, thinking that dogs are good to friends and servants. Dogs are afraid of their owners and are good at pitching with them, but they spit out their tongues from time to time. In three years, the elk went out, and there were many dogs on the road who wanted to play. When foreign dogs saw it, they were both happy and angry. * * * killing food, the road is chaotic. Elk will never realize.
Translation:
There was a hunter in Linjiang who got a deer and wanted to keep it. As soon as they entered the room, the dogs were salivating at the deer and all came running with their tails wagging. The hunter was so angry that he scared the dogs away. From this day on, the hunter held the deer to approach the dog every day, let the dog get used to it, stop hurting it, and slowly let the dog and the deer play together.
After a long time, the dog will know the owner's mind. When the deer grows up a little, it forgets that it is an elk and thinks that the dog is really its friend. He rolled on the ground with the dog, getting closer and closer to the dog. Because dogs are afraid of their owners, they play meekly with deer, but sometimes they lick their tongues and get greedy.
Three years later, once the elk went out by himself, he saw many other people's dogs on the road and ran to play with them. When other people's dogs saw the elk, they were both happy and angry and ate it together. The road was a mess, and the elk didn't understand why until they died.
2. Donkeys in Guizhou
Original text:
There are no donkeys in Guizhou. If there are good people, they will be put on the boat. If they are useless, they will be put down the mountain. When the tiger saw it, he thought it was a monster and a god. Peeping through the Woods, you can observe closely, but you can't know each other. One day, when the donkey barks, the tiger will run away, thinking that it will bite itself, which is very scary. However, if you look at it, it doesn't make any difference.
I learned its sound, and I was close to it, but I was afraid to fight. Come closer, stagger, jump, donkey is angry, hoof. The tiger was very happy and said, "Stop it!" " For jumping? Cut his throat, do his best, and go. Hey! The majestic shape is also virtuous, and the majestic sound is also awesome. Its skills cannot be learned. Although the tiger is fierce and suspicious, the pawn dare not take it; What a pity!
Translation:
There were no donkeys in Guizhou, so a kind-hearted man brought a donkey aboard. When I arrived, I thought the donkey was useless, so I put it down the mountain. Seeing its size, the tiger thought it was a god. So I hid in the Woods and secretly observed it, and gradually approached it. I was careful not to know what a donkey is. One day, the donkey gave a long cry. The tiger was very scared and ran away, thinking that the donkey was going to eat it. He was very scared. But I looked back and forth at the donkey and found nothing unique.
Later, the tiger became more and more used to barking at donkeys, and began to get close to donkeys and pester them, but never dared to fight with them. Gradually getting closer and closer to the donkey, I despised it more and more and began to collide and offend it. The donkey couldn't help getting angry and kicked the tiger. The tiger was very happy and thought, "I can only do this." So the tiger jumped up, roared loudly, grabbed the donkey's throat at once, ate the donkey meat and left.
Alas! The donkey's body is so huge, it seems to have a good way, its voice is so loud, and it seems to be very technical. If you don't show your skills at first, the tiger, though fierce, will be afraid to attack because of doubt and fear. Now is such a sad fate!
3. eternal mouse
Original text:
There will always be someone who is afraid of the sun and is different. I thought I was born Naoko; Rats are also gods. Because I love mice, I don't keep cats and dogs. Don't kill mice. If you cook in the barn, you know how to kill mice, don't ask. Because mice tell each other that they all come to a certain house, it doesn't hurt to be full. A room has no utensils, no clothes, and a large number of mice eat and drink. Walking with people during the day, stealing and fighting at night, I can't sleep.
How old, a family moved to other States; When future generations come to live, the mice are still the same. The man said, "It's an evil, and it's also an evil, especially stealing violence. Why? " Fake five or six cats, close the door and remove tiles to fill the pit, buy a cat to catch it, kill rats like hills, abandon the hidden place and stink for months. Oh! He takes his satiety and harmlessness as constants!
Translation:
There was a man in Yongzhou who was afraid of violating Japanese taboos and was very cautious. I think I was born in the year of my child, and the mouse is the child's zodiac, so I like mice, don't keep cats and dogs, and don't allow servants to hurt mice. Granary, kitchen, indulge rats to run amok, out of control. So, the mice told each other that they all came to this man's house, and they could eat enough and there would be no disaster.
So this person has no good utensils at home, no good clothes on the hanger, and almost all the food he eats is left over by mice. During the day, groups of mice walk with people. At night, they will secretly bite each other and fight. There are all kinds of noises, and people can't sleep, but this person never hates mice.
A few years later, the man moved to another state, and later people lived here. Rats are still as rampant as before. Later, people who lived in it said, "Rats are disgusting animals and will sneak around. The mice here are particularly noisy when they steal food. What makes them so crazy? "
So I borrowed some cats, closed the door, opened the tiles, poured water into the mouse hole, and paid someone to kill the cats. All the mice killed were piled up in hills, and then thrown in hidden places, which stinked for several months before stopping. Alas! Those mice think they can eat enough and there will be no disaster, but can they stay like this?
Extended data
Creation background
The Three Commandments was written after Liu Zongyuan demoted Yongzhou. At this time, the author experienced a complicated struggle and gained richer social experience and deeper life experience, so he wrote fables about phenomena that could serve as a warning to the world as a warning and punishment.
Through the three animal images of elk, donkey and mouse, the author exposed the ugliness of some dignitaries and proud villains at that time and predicted their inevitable fate. The language of the article is concise, thought-provoking and has a strong realistic irony.
works appreciation
The article "Elk by the River" satirizes the people who are "practical" in society in a teasing tone. "Forget Me Elk" acts willfully and offends foreign objects in order to find happiness, but when it loses the shelter of its owner, it is easy to be killed by foreign dogs. Sadly, it didn't understand why until it died.
Throughout the ages, people who lie in other people's arms begging for food and are complacent are not uncommon. It reveals profound allegorical significance from a common social phenomenon, which is its artistic charm of seeing the big from the small.
The donkey of money is the most popular among the three. Deeply criticized the incompetent but used to show off the "donkey barking" characters. Combined with Liu Zongyuan's experience at that time, it can be seen that he wrote for his political enemies, satirizing some upper-class people in the ruling group at that time, who were arrogant, bullying and afraid of hard work, lacking talent and virtue, and being strong outside and weak inside.
Through imagination and exaggeration, Liu Zongyuan grasped the characteristics of things like donkeys and tigers and portrayed the behaviors of some people in society vividly. At the same time, this fable also left two idioms for future generations: "behemoth" and "donkey's skill is poor"
Yongmou's Mouse satirizes a class of people who steal time violence in society. This kind of people seize the lucky opportunity, run amok, thinking that they can "eat enough without harm", which makes people hate it. This fable profoundly and powerfully satirizes the vicious bureaucrats and the ugly people who ran rampant for a while, and subtly criticizes the ugly human world in feudal society.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Zongyuan (773 -8 19), a native of Hedong County (now Yongji, Yuncheng), was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world, and was also called "Liu Liuzhou" and "Liu Yuxi" because he was a secretariat in Liuzhou.
Together with Han Yu, he advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and called it "Liu Han". Also known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Also known as "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei. Together with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Tang Dynasty, they are called "the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". One of the "Four Great Writers".
Tang Dezong was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793) and passed the course of erudition and macro-speech five years later. He has successively served as Zheng Yu of Jixian Hall, He Wei of Lantian County, and served as the supervisor of the empire (that is, the trainee empire). During Yong Zhenyuan's reign (805), he participated in the political reform movement led by Wang. After the failure of innovation, Wang was killed, and Liu Zongyuan was demoted from the central government to the local government, first as the secretariat of Shaozhou, then as Sima of Yongzhou (now Hunan), and ten years later as the secretariat of Liuzhou. 8 19 died in Liuzhou.
Although Liu Zongyuan only lived to be 46 years old, he made brilliant achievements in literature, and made outstanding contributions in poetry, ci fu, prose, travel notes, fables, prose, literary theory and so on.
Liu Zongyuan left many poems in his life. Most of his poems are mainly about expressing melancholy, grief and homesickness, and they are deep and gloomy, forming their own family. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Wen's achievements are greater than poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, which have not broken away from the habits of parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, but there are also masterpieces like Yunsuiyang Temple Monument in Antarctica.
Liu Zongyuan attaches great importance to the content of the article, and advocates that the text should be used and the Tao should benefit the country and the people, which is practical. He attaches importance to the social function of literature and emphasizes that literature should be beneficial to the world. He advocates the perfect combination of ideological content and artistic form, points out that writing must be serious and emphasizes the importance of writers' moral cultivation.
He admired the articles of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and proposed to learn from Confucian classics, Zhuangzi, Laozi, Li Sao and Historical Records. And learn from it, thinking that it can be used by me, but don't give up eating because of choking. In terms of poetic theory, he inherited the tradition that Liu Xie advocated Bi Xing and Chen Ziang advocated Ji Xing. It is consistent with Bai Juyi's proposition about satirical poems in the Yuan zaju Jiushu. His theory of poetry and prose represents the progressive tendency of the literary movement at that time.
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