Most of them grow between 40 and 45 degrees north latitude. The average temperature in June is -23-5℃, and the average temperature in July is 20-26℃ and 65,438 0.5℃. They have strong cold tolerance and can withstand the low temperature of -40℃. The suitable growth temperature is 65438 0.5-25℃ and the accumulated temperature is 2000-3000℃. The soil is well drained, loose and fertile brown forest soil with deep humus layer or mountain gray brown forest soil with pH value of 5.5-6.2. Most of them live in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests or deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Korean pine, and the canopy density is 0.7-0.8. The main tree species is Korean pine. et Zucc。 Five-pointed maple Maxim. ，Tiliamandschurica Rupr。 Et motto. , Ulmus pumila (Trautv. ) Mayr, phellodendron amurense. Quercus mongolica. , Schisandra chinensis (Turcz. )Baill。 Aralia elata ) it seems. Wait. Ginseng usually blooms in 3 years and bears fruit in 5-6 years. The flowering period is June-July and the fruiting period is July-June.
morphological character
Perennial herbs; The taproot is fleshy, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, and the fibrous root is slender; The rhizome (reed head) is short, with stem marks (reed bowl) and buds on it; Stem solitary, erect, 40 ~60 cm high. Leaves are palmately compound, with 2-6 vertical leaves, which vary with age: L has 3 lobules, 2 has 5 lobules 1-2, 3 has 2-3, 4 has 3-4, 5 has 4-5, up to 6; There are 3~5 leaflets, with the largest 1 in the middle, ovoid or ovoid, 3~ 12 cm long and 1~4 cm wide, wedge-shaped at the base, tapering at the apex, fine-pointed and serrated at the edge, and sparse bristles along the midvein. Umbellies have terminal florets; The flower is bell-shaped and has five teeth; Petals 5, yellow green; Stamens 5, filaments short, anthers spherical; Below the room, 2 rooms, style 1, stigma 2-lobed. Berry drupe oblate or kidney-shaped, bright red when mature; Seed 2, oblate, yellow and white.
Life span of ginseng
According to historical records, the life span of ginseng is about 400 years, but when it is harvested, very few ginseng can grow to 200 years old, and it is not easy to grow to 100 years.
Ginseng can't run away, but it's true that the digger found it was circled with red rope after digging. They not only have to worship to dig, but also can only dig with bamboo sticks. Because old ginseng is not easy to find, it has high medicinal value and high economic benefit, so they are deified. There is also a saying that there is a big snake guarding it. In fact, how can ginseng run? !
2. Knowledge about ginseng
Efficacy of ginseng
Nourish vitality, remove body fluid and soothe the nerves.
Can be used for treating fatigue, fatigue, anorexia, lassitude, nausea and vomiting, loose stool, cough and asthma, spontaneous sweating, fright, amnesia, dizziness, headache, impotence, frequent urination, diabetes, metrorrhagia, metrorrhagia, chronic weakness, and deficiency of qi, blood and body fluid.
The role of ginseng
1 regulates the central nervous system.
Ginseng can regulate the central nervous system, improve the process of brain excitation and inhibition, and make it tend to balance; Can improve mental and physical labor ability, improve work efficiency, and has anti-fatigue effect.
Promoting the brain's utilization of energy substances can improve learning and memory ability. Ginsenoside is the effective component of ginseng to enhance learning and memory ability, among which ginsenoside Rb 1 and ginsenoside Rg 1 have good effects on learning and memory function. Ginsenoside can promote the learning and memory process of normal rats, and ginsenoside can obviously improve the memory disorder caused by electric shock in rats. Both of them significantly increased the contents of monoamine transmitters in different brain regions of normal rats. These studies have certain reference value for the rational application of ginseng plant resources [3].
3 Improve heart function
Ginseng can increase myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, and resist myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia. It has certain influence on heart function, cardiovascular system and blood flow. Ginseng has obvious anti-hypoxia effect, and its preparation can effectively resist sinus heart rate abnormality. Ginsenoside can accelerate lipid metabolism and significantly reduce high cholesterol. Low dose ginseng can slightly increase the blood pressure of anesthetized animals, while high dose ginseng can lower the blood pressure. Different ginseng preparations can enhance the function of toad hearts in vitro and rabbits, cats and dogs in vivo, and can improve myocardial weakness during ventricular fibrillation [4].
4 hypoglycemic effect
Ginseng contains ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide. In particular, ginsenoside Rb2 has obvious hypoglycemic effect, and ginseng polysaccharide (or glycopeptide) is another hypoglycemic component in ginseng.
5. Enhance the immune function of the body.
Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide are active components in ginseng to regulate immune function, which can improve immune function not only for normal people but also for people with low immune function. Ginseng polysaccharide is a high molecular acidic polysaccharide purified from ginseng, and it is an immune enhancer. Animal experiments and human clinical experiments show that it can significantly enhance human immunity and has a certain curative effect on malignant tumors. Clinical experiments show that it can also prolong the survival time of patients, improve the cellular immune function of the body, reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and accelerate the repair of damaged tissues. Clinical observation has proved that ginseng polysaccharide has obvious leucocyte-raising effect. When it is used in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it can reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy, prevent leukopenia, and enable patients to successfully complete the treatment. Ginseng polysaccharide has no side effects, which proves that the drug is safe and reliable.
Improving the resistance to harmful * * * can enhance the body's stress ability and adaptability.
Ginseng contains ginsenoside, which can improve the anti-stress effect. Resistant to hypoxia, high temperature and low temperature.
7 anti-tumor effect
Ginsenoside, ginsenoside, panaxol, panaxatriol and volatile oil in ginseng. These substances have a certain inhibitory effect on tumors, but the mechanism is very complicated.
8 antioxidant effect
Ginseng contains a variety of antioxidant substances, such as ginsenoside, ginseng polyacetylene compounds and panaxadiol saponins. These compounds have anti-lipid peroxidation effect and are the basis of anti-aging effect. In addition to anti-aging, it can also regulate physiological functions such as nerve, endocrine, immune function and substance metabolism. In addition, ginseng also has many functions such as antivirus, anti-shock, weight loss and so on. Although ginseng is a tonic with high value, it is not suitable for everyone. The protein factor in ginseng can inhibit lipolysis and aggravate lipid deposition on blood vessel wall, so patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular sclerosis, diabetes and vasculitis should use ginseng with caution. The increase of blood viscosity will lead to poor blood circulation, which is called blood stasis in Chinese medicine. Ginseng can promote the growth of red blood cells, increase the number of red blood cells and make blood stations more consistent. Attachment list
3. What should I pay attention to when eating ginseng?
Generally speaking, young people had better not take tonics. If you don't feel well, you can eat some properly to adjust.
Who should eat ginseng?
As the old saying goes, medicine has three poisons, so you should be careful with what medicine you use, and ginseng is no exception. Ginseng is a tonic, mainly for invigorating qi. Therefore, the applicable population of ginseng is mainly people with symptoms of qi deficiency. For example, pale face, weak body and easy asthma. For another example, anemia patients often have qi deficiency syndrome, and such patients can also eat ginseng. If you are a normal person without diseases, you can also eat some ginseng in order to nourish your body and prevent diseases, but you can't overdo it. You should choose different ginseng according to your physical condition.
Generally speaking, old and weak people can eat some red ginseng or wild ginseng properly. If economic conditions do not allow them to eat wild ginseng, they can also eat some sun-dried ginseng.
Women with postpartum weakness can eat some red ginseng.
Ordinary people can eat dried ginseng tonic, but don't eat too much.
For patients with massive bleeding, it is best to eat wild ginseng, followed by red ginseng and sun-dried ginseng.
Summer tonic, you can choose American ginseng.
If people with hot constitution want to eat ginseng, it is best to choose American ginseng or sun-dried ginseng.
People who are not suitable for eating ginseng include: patients with hypertension; A person who has a bad temper and blushes; It is not advisable to eat red ginseng and wild ginseng for fever; People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat American ginseng.
Little knowledge:
The efficacy of various ginseng
Understand the efficacy of ginseng, and then choose the right ginseng to nourish your body according to your specific situation. Let's take a look at the different effects of various ginseng.
1, sun-dried ginseng: sweet in taste, slightly bitter, flat in nature, and has the effects of invigorating vitality, restoring pulse, invigorating spleen and lung, promoting fluid production and calming the nerves.
2, red ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, warm, has the effect of replenishing vitality, restoring pulse, benefiting qi and enriching blood.
3, wild ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, flat, similar to red ginseng, but the strongest, the smallest yield, and expensive.
4, American ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, cool, effective qi and yin, clear fire and fluid.
4. small ginseng
In medieval Europe, carrots were considered as delicious food for short old people. It is said that the little old man will generously give a gold ingot after eating boiled carrots.
In today's European and American countries, carrots are regarded as nutritious and high-quality vegetables, and they are indispensable delicacies in western food. In Japan, carrots are honored as "ginseng", which is a health care product that everyone competes for.
Carrots are native to Central Asia and North Africa and have a long history of cultivation. In13rd century, carrots were introduced to China from Asia Minor, so they were called carrots because they looked like radishes. Carrots are rich in carotene and a lot of nutrients such as sugar, starch, vitamins B and C.
After digestion and decomposition, carotene becomes double vitamin A, which can promote body development, bone composition and fat decomposition. According to analysis, the darker the color of carrots, the more carotene they contain.
Cooked food is suitable for carrots. It is a pity that about 90% of carotene will not be absorbed and utilized by the human body if eaten raw. In addition, if carrots are eaten with meat, the effect will be better
5. What is the common sense of taking ginseng?
The principle of taking ginseng
The principle of taking ginseng is four words: eat less and eat more. You can't eat ginseng once and for all. You won't eat it once or twice. Mr. Zhang, a 90-year-old man from Hong Kong, has been buying wild ginseng for decades. After eating, he felt energetic, but after stopping eating for a period of time, there was a situation of "rejuvenation". He ate ginseng again and recovered his strength and energy. So he took ginseng by eating less and drinking more, and achieved satisfactory results.
In Fusong County, Jilin Province, the hometown of ginseng, everyone knows the truth of eating less and eating more ginseng. Maybe someone will ask how much is "eat less"? Generally speaking, adults should not eat more than 3g ~ 5g of dried ginseng and 0. 1g ~ 0.3g of wild ginseng every day.
Precautions and contraindications for taking ginseng
1. Newborns should be careful when taking ginseng.
Ginseng experts in Japan and South Korea agree that ginseng can be used as a tonic from infants to the elderly. Some experts in China think that newborns should not take ginseng. Someone once gave 0.5 grams of red parameter orally to newborns for several hours and then had side effects. The reason why cannibalism has side effects is that newborns have low tolerance and all organs are immature. Furthermore, the standard for adults to eat ginseng is about 3 grams, such as 1 gram for newborns, which is obviously too much. If the newborn is given 0. 1 g or 0.05 g, the situation will be different. Korean newborn babies take ginseng honey and the effect is good. However, it is still prudent to give ginseng to newborns.
Healthy children do not eat ginseng.
Healthy children may not eat ginseng, but children with weak constitution and slow development (including physical and mental) need to eat ginseng. Healthy children will have problems such as precocious puberty if they take too much ginseng.
3. ginseng can't be mixed.
Ginseng can't be compatible with other drugs and animals at will, and the traditional method of human participation in chicken compatibility is out of date for most contemporary people. The ancient medical theory that "ginseng is afraid of trogopterori and anti-veratrum" is still practical now. Before the new scientific viewpoint overturns this conclusion, we should follow the theory that ginseng cannot be compatible with trogopterori and veratrum in order to avoid problems. It is best not to eat radish when eating ginseng.
4. The five taboos of ginseng are inconclusive.
More than one book records the five taboos of ginseng mentioned by a famous doctor in Changbai Mountain: cough, pain, cold, fever and bleeding. The author thinks that these five taboos are debatable, worthy of in-depth study and should not be blindly followed.
Looking up some ancient prescriptions, there are several prescriptions for treating cough with ginseng, such as Xiaotaiping Pill for treating chronic cough and sore throat, Ginseng Coix Seed Powder for treating lung flaccid cough, Jingfu Decoction for treating phlegm cough and asthma in children, and Ginseng Poison Powder for treating typhoid cough and nasal congestion in children. It shows that ginseng can be used to treat cough and cold. There are also many examples of people eating ginseng to cure colds and coughs, which proves that eating ginseng can cure colds and coughs.
Some people say that you can't eat ginseng when bleeding, but you can eat ginseng when stopping bleeding. However, many experts at home and abroad have studied the hemostatic effect of ginseng, because ginseng contains the hemostatic component Notoginseng.
6. What is the growth process of ginseng?
Herbs perennial, up to 60 cm tall.
The taproot is fatty, fleshy, cylindrical and often bifurcated, and the dichotomy of the upper part of the root is called "spiritual body" or "horizontal body"; People who disagree or disagree in the lower half are often called "stupid people" or "caring people"; The fibrous roots are long and have many small warts; There are stem marks on the rhizome, and sometimes the roots are uncertain. The stems are erect, green, thin cylindrical, smooth and hairless.
Impellers are born at the end of the stem, and the number varies according to the growth years. It is 65,438+0 leaves and 3 leaves at birth, 65,438+0 leaves and 5 leaves at two years old, 2 leaves and 5 leaves at three years old, and it increases year by year at four years old, and finally reaches 6 leaves. Leaves with long stems; The leaflets are ovoid or obovate, and the leaflets at the base of compound leaves are small, 2~3 cm long and 1~ 1. 5 cm; The upper leaflet is 4~ 15 cm long and 2 cm wide.
2~4 cm; The apex is tapered, the base is wedge-shaped, descending, the edge is serrate, there are erect bristles along the veins above, and there is no hair below; Petiole up to 2. 6 centimeters.
The total pedicel is drawn from the center of the petiole at the end of the stem, about 7~20 cm long, with a terminal umbel with dozens or dozens of yellow-green florets, which usually begin to bloom in the fourth year; Flowers pedunculate, bisexual and male; Calyx green, 6-lobed; Petals 6, apex pointed; Stamens 5; Ovary is inferior, 2-loculed, 2-style, bisexual flowers are free, and male flowers form hollow tubes. Berry drupe, kidney-shaped, bright red when mature, containing seeds 1 grain per room.
Seeds white, oblate, with one side truncated. The flowering period is from June to July.
The fruiting period is from July to September.
7. What should I avoid eating ginseng?
Winter is the best season for tonic. It is better to give ginseng something as valuable as cigarettes, wine and drinks. It is better to give healthy ginseng as a gift.
Suitable for people with weak breathing, cold limbs and sweating. 2. Bufei Yiqi.
Suitable for shortness of breath. 3. soothe the nerves and improve intelligence.
Suitable for palpitation, insomnia and forgetfulness. 4. Benefiting yin and promoting body fluid.
Suitable for sweating and thirst. Can be use for treating diabetes, gastropathy, live disease, neurasthenia, impotence, cardiovascular diseases and various shock rescues.
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