Anything above absolute zero (-273. 15℃) can produce infrared rays. Modern physics calls it thermal rays. Medical infrared rays can be divided into near infrared rays and far infrared rays. It contains heat energy, and the heat of the sun is mainly transmitted to the earth through infrared rays.
Ultraviolet refers to the radiation whose wavelength is between 10 nm and 400 nm in the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot cause human vision. 180 1 year, German physicist Ritter discovered that the outer section of the ultraviolet end of the solar spectrum can make the photographic film containing silver bromide sensitive, thus discovering the existence of ultraviolet rays. Ultraviolet rays can be used for sterilization, and too much ultraviolet rays can lead to skin cancer.
-Infrared applications.
Infrared is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between microwave and visible light, with a wavelength between 750 nm and 1 mm, which is invisible light with a longer wavelength than red light. The band covering the thermal radiation emitted by an object at room temperature. The ability to penetrate clouds is stronger than visible light. It is widely used in communication, detection, medical treatment and military fields. Commonly known as infrared light. The real infrared night vision instrument is photomultiplier tube imaging, which is completely different from the principle of telescope. It can't be used in the daytime, it is expensive and needs power to work.
Medical treatment infrared mainly includes near infrared (NIR, IR-A DIN), short-wave infrared (SWIR, IR-B DIN), medium-wave infrared (MWIR, IR-C DIN) and long-wave infrared (LWIR, IR-C DIN). [1] Near-infrared or short-wave infrared, with a wavelength of 0.76 ~ 1.5 micron, penetrating into human tissues, about 5 ~10 mm; Far infrared rays or long-wave infrared rays, the wavelength of which is 1.5 ~ 400 microns, are mostly absorbed by superficial skin, and the depth of penetration into tissues is less than 2mm.
1, medical
After infrared rays irradiate the body surface, one part is reflected and the other part is absorbed by the skin. The degree of skin reflection to infrared rays is related to pigmentation. When irradiated with infrared rays with a wavelength of 0.9 micron, skin without pigmentation reflects about 60% of energy. Colored skin reflects about 40% energy. When irradiated by long-wave infrared rays (wavelength 1.5 microns or more), most of them are reflected and absorbed by superficial skin tissues, and the depth of penetration into the skin is only 0.05 ~ 2 mm, so they can only act on the superficial skin tissues. Short-wave infrared rays (wavelength within 1.5 micron) and red near-infrared rays penetrate the tissue deepest, and the penetration depth can reach 10 mm, which can directly act on subcutaneous tissues such as blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve endings of the skin.
In the infrared region, the band that is most beneficial to human body is the band range of 4- 14 micron, which is collectively called "fertility light" in the medical field, because this infrared band can promote the growth of life, and this infrared ray has a good effect on activating cell tissue and blood circulation, which can improve human immunity and strengthen human metabolism.
When infrared rays with sufficient intensity irradiate the skin, infrared erythema may appear, which will disappear soon after stopping irradiation. When the skin is irradiated by high-dose infrared rays for many times, it can produce brown marble-like pigmentation, which is related to the enhancement of melanin formation in the basal cell layer of blood vessel wall by heat.
Infrared therapy is based on the warming effect. Under infrared radiation, tissue temperature rises, capillaries dilate, blood flow accelerates, substance metabolism increases, and tissue cell vitality and regeneration ability improve. When infrared ray is used to treat chronic inflammation, it can improve blood circulation, increase phagocytosis, eliminate swelling and promote inflammation dissipation. Infrared ray can reduce the excitability of nervous system, relieve pain, relieve the spasm of striated muscle and smooth muscle, and promote the recovery of nervous function. When treating chronic infectious wounds and chronic ulcers, it can improve tissue nutrition, eliminate granulation edema, promote granulation growth and accelerate wound healing. Infrared radiation can reduce the exudation of burn wounds. Infrared ray is also commonly used to treat sprain and contusion, promote the dissipation of tissue swelling and hematoma, reduce postoperative adhesion, promote scar softening and reduce scar contracture.
Effect of infrared ray on blood: Because infrared ray can penetrate deep into human subcutaneous tissue, infrared ray reaction can raise the temperature of deep subcutaneous skin, dilate microvessels, promote blood circulation, revive enzymes, strengthen the metabolism of blood and cell tissue, which is of great help to cell rejuvenation and improve anemia. Regulating blood pressure: Hypertension and arteriosclerosis are generally caused by contraction and stenosis of arterioles such as nervous system, endocrine system and kidney. Far infrared rays dilate capillaries, promote blood circulation, reduce hypertension and improve hypotension symptoms.
Effect of infrared rays on joints: infrared rays can penetrate deep into muscle joints, make the body warm, relax muscles, promote the exchange of oxygen and nutrients in microvascular networks, and eliminate aging wastes such as fatigue substances and lactic acid accumulated in the body, which has excellent effects on eliminating swelling and relieving soreness.
Influence of infrared rays on autonomic nervous system: autonomic nervous system mainly regulates visceral function. People are in a state of anxiety for a long time, and the autonomic nervous system is constantly tense, which will lead to decreased immunity, headache, dizziness, insomnia and fatigue, and cold limbs. Infrared ray can adjust autonomic nerve to keep it in the best condition, and all the above symptoms can be improved or eliminated.
The effect of infrared rays on skin care and beauty: infrared rays are absorbed by human body and can directly metabolize substances that cause fatigue and aging, such as lactic acid, free fatty acids, cholesterol and subcutaneous excess fat. Through the activation of hair follicle mouth and subcutaneous fat, without going through the kidney. So it can make the skin smooth and tender. The physical therapy function of far infrared rays can improve the heat energy in the body, activate cells, thus promoting the metabolism, burning and decomposition of adipose tissue, consuming excess fat, and then effectively losing weight.
Effect of infrared ray on circulatory system: Far infrared ray irradiation is comprehensive and penetrating, and it is the only physical therapy method that can completely take care of countless microcirculation tissues and systems of the whole body. After the microcirculation is smooth, the systolic blood pressure decreases, and the supply of oxygen and nutrients is sufficient, so it is naturally relaxed and healthy. Strengthening liver function: The liver is the largest chemical plant in the body and a blood purifier. The deep effect of internal heat caused by far-infrared radiation can activate cells, improve tissue regeneration ability, promote cell growth, strengthen liver function, improve liver detoxification ability, and maintain a good visceral environment, which can be said to be the best disease prevention strategy.
Influence of infrared rays on eyes: Because the eyeball contains more liquid, it absorbs infrared rays strongly, and direct irradiation of infrared rays with a certain intensity will cause cataracts. The occurrence of cataract is related to the action of short-wave infrared rays; Infrared rays with wavelength greater than 1.5 micron will not cause cataract.
The effect of light bath on the body: the factors of light bath are infrared light, visible light and hot air. Light bath can make a large area, even the whole body sweat, thus reducing the burden on the kidney, improving the blood circulation of the kidney, which is conducive to the recovery of renal function. Light bath can increase hemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, and the nucleus shifts slightly to the left; Enhance immunity. Local bathing can improve the blood supply and nutrition of nerves and muscles, so it can promote their functions to return to normal. Whole body light bath can obviously affect the metabolic process in the body and increase the burden of whole body thermal regulation; It also has certain effects on autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system.
2. Infrared light source
1. infrared radiator
The resistance wire is wound on the porcelain rod, and the resistance wire heats up after being electrified, so that the temperature of the carbon rod coated with the resistance wire is raised (generally not more than 500℃), and it mainly emits long-wave infrared rays.
There are two kinds of infrared radiators: field radiators and portable radiators. The power of on-site infrared radiator can reach more than 600 ~ 1000 watt. In recent years, medical far-infrared radiators have been made in some areas of China, for example, far-infrared radiators made of high-silica elements.
2. Incandescent lamps
Incandescent light bulbs with different powers are widely used as infrared light sources in medical treatment. The temperature of the tungsten wire in the bulb can reach 2000 ~ 2500℃ after being electrified.
Incandescent lamps are used for phototherapy in the following forms:
Incandescent lamps on site: incandescent bulbs with power of 250 ~ 1000 W are used, and metal nets are installed between reflectors for protection. Incandescent lamps on site, usually called sun lamps.
Portable incandescent lamp: low-power incandescent bulbs (mostly below 200W) are installed in a small reflector, which is fixed on a small bracket.
3. Light bath device
There are two kinds of local or whole body irradiation. According to the size of the light bath box, 6 ~ 30 40 ~ 60W bulbs are installed in the box. The light bath box is semicircular, and a small metal reflector can be added to the part where the light bulb is fixed in the box. A thermometer should be attached to the whole body light bath box to observe the temperature in the box and adjust it at any time.
3. Night vision equipment
It has the characteristics of clear imaging and simple production, but its fatal weakness is that the infrared light emitted by the infrared searchlight will be found by the enemy's infrared detection device. In the 1960s, the United States first developed a passive thermal imager, which does not emit infrared light, is not easy to be found by the enemy, and has the ability to observe through fog and rain.
1982 From April to June, the Malvinas War broke out between Britain and Argentina. /kloc-Late at night in April, the British attacked the port of Stanley, the largest stronghold of Argentine defenders. The minefield laid by 3000 British troops suddenly appeared in front of the Afghan defense line. All guns and artillery in Britain are equipped with infrared night vision devices, which can clearly find the targets of the Afghan army in the dark. The Afghan army, on the other hand, lacks night vision equipment and cannot find British troops. Just passive beatings. Under the precise attack of British firepower, the Afghan army could not support it, and the British army took the opportunity to launch a charge. By dawn, the British army had occupied several main commanding heights on the Afghan defense line, and the Afghan army was completely under the fire control of the British army. At 9 pm on June 6th, 14, 14 000 Afghan troops had to surrender to the British. The British army led the infrared night vision equipment and won a battle with great disparity in strength.
In the Gulf War of 199 1, on the battlefield full of sand and smoke, the US military was equipped with advanced infrared night vision equipment, which could find the other side before Iraqi tanks and artillery fire. The Iraqi army only learned from the muzzle fire that the enemy was ahead when the American tanks opened fire. It can be seen that infrared night vision equipment plays an important role in modern warfare.
4. Perspective telescope
Just like F7 17, you can see through it by turning on night vision and adding a filter, but it has the worst effect on cotton-padded jacket. This was originally a very useful function, however, users soon discovered that this kind of infrared night-vision goggles can be used not only to see the distance at night, but also to peek at the body through people's clothes. The manufacturer of this kind of night vision accessories is Yamada Denso, which originally produced optical cameras for military, national defense and applications.
5. Optical wave furnace
The barbecue tube of light wave oven is changed from quartz tube or copper tube to halogen tube (i.e. light wave tube), which can quickly generate high temperature and high heat, with fast cooling speed, higher heating efficiency, no scorching and guarantee the color of food. In terms of cost, the cost of light wave tube is only a few dollars more than that of copper tube or quartz tube, so the use of light wave tube in microwave oven technology is very common.
Optical wave furnace has the following advantages:
Advantages 1: no pots and pans, and the advantages of convenient use and beautiful appearance of the induction cooker are retained. It makes up for the defect that the induction cooker can only use iron pots and pans, and its application scope is extended to all pots and pans, so it is called a cooker that never picks pots and pans.
Advantages 2: High-grade glass-ceramic panel is adopted, which can withstand high temperature of 950 degrees, and the panel is bright as a mirror, easy to clean and environment-friendly.
Advantage 3: No radiation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. As we all know, an ordinary electromagnetic oven is equivalent to the radiation of 15 mobile phone, while the optical wave oven is far infrared, which has health care and heating functions. 87% of infrared waves are concentrated in 8 microns to 65,438+05 microns, the infrared radiation conversion rate is over 70%, and the infrared energy is 765.9W. Long-term use can play the role of health care and physical therapy, especially.
Advantages 4: Good function, delicious food, strong fire design from weak to strong, strong heat and even heat, ensuring delicious food. And it is a stove specially designed for safety. Equipped with intelligent overheating protection device, it can be automatically turned off according to time. Even if you forget to turn off your phone after use, you will never have any worries.
Advantage 5: the temperature rises quickly, up to 700 degrees. Through multi-stage accurate power control, fast cooking, centralized heat source, energy saving and electricity saving.
Advantages: brand-new microcomputer control, absolute separation of high and low voltage, anti-overheating protection, anti-leakage, waterproof, safe and reliable.
Advantage 7: There is no open flame, carbon monoxide and halogen lamp when cooking, which allows users to easily identify whether the cooker is working normally.
6. Thermal imager
Origin: In the early 1960s, AGA Company of Sweden successfully developed the second generation infrared imaging device, which added the temperature measuring function to the infrared seeker system, and was called infrared thermal imager.
At first, due to confidentiality reasons, it was limited to military use in developed countries. The thermal imaging equipment put into use can detect other targets, camouflage targets and high-speed moving targets at night or in thick clouds. Due to the support of national funds, the investment in research and development costs is high, and the cost of instruments is also high. In the future, considering the practicality in the development of industrial production and combining the characteristics of industrial infrared detection, the cost of the instrument will be reduced. According to the requirements of civil use, measures such as reducing scanning speed to reduce production cost and improve image resolution have gradually developed into civil use.
In the mid-1960s, AGA developed the first industrial real-time imaging system (THV), which was cooled by liquid nitrogen and powered by 1 10V power supply, weighing about 35kg, and was not portable when used. After several generations of improvement, the infrared thermal imager developed by 1986 adopts thermoelectric refrigeration. 1988, which integrates temperature measurement, modification, analysis, image acquisition and storage, weighs less than 7 kg, and its function, accuracy and reliability have been significantly improved.
In the mid-1990s, FSI Company of the United States first successfully developed a new infrared thermal imager (CCD), which was commercialized from military technology (FPA) and belonged to the focal plane array structure. The technical function is more advanced. When measuring the temperature in the field, you only need to aim at the target to take an image and store the above information on the PC card in the machine, that is, all operations are completed. You can use software to modify and analyze the settings of various parameters indoors. Finally, the test report is directly obtained. Due to the improvement of technology and the change of structure, complex mechanical scanning has been replaced. The instrument weighs less than 2 kg and can be easily operated with one hand like a hand-held camera. Principle: The infrared thermal imager is an instrument to find and identify the target according to the basic principle that all objects above absolute zero (-273. 15℃) radiate infrared rays, and the difference between the target and the background itself radiates infrared rays.
Features: Due to the different infrared radiation intensities of various objects, people, animals, vehicles, airplanes, etc. Can be clearly observed, not affected by obstacles such as smoke, fog and trees, and can work day and night. It is the most advanced night vision observation equipment mastered by human beings at present. However, due to the extremely high price, it can only be used for military purposes at present. However, due to the wide application range of thermal imaging, it has a huge market in electric power, underground pipelines, fire fighting and medical care, disaster relief, industrial testing and so on. With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, infrared thermal imaging, a high-tech technology, will be widely used in the private market in 20 or 30 years and make contributions to mankind.
-UV applications.
1, chemical field
Paint curing, pigment curing, lithography. Instrumental analysis: analysis of minerals, drugs and food. 、
2. Industrial field
Application in surface cleaning treatment
Due to the development of high-power ultra-high-power low-voltage ultraviolet discharge tubes and miniaturization of microelectronics and other products, rapid progress has been made in the practical application of dry surface treatment technology for ultra-precision cleaning or improving the adhesion of their surfaces by using short-wavelength ultraviolet rays and ozone generated in the manufacturing process of microelectronics and ultra-precision devices. In the manufacture of semiconductor devices, liquid crystal display elements, optical products, etc. In order to improve the yield, the dry surface treatment technology combining ultraviolet rays with ozone has become an indispensable technical means. As an alternative technology of Freon, smooth surface cleaning technology will gradually replace the traditional wet technology.
Application of surface modification treatment
Some materials used in general industrial or high-tech fields have very high performance and are very beneficial to the environment, but their adhesion and printability are generally poor. The short wavelength ultraviolet (UV) surface cleaning and surface modification technology provided by the company can obtain extremely clean surface and strong surface adhesion after treating the above materials with clean high-energy UV light source.
The basic reaction of modification is the oxidation reaction caused by ultraviolet light. After ultraviolet irradiation on the solid surface, the pollutants on the surface are oxidized, then decomposed into volatile substances such as CO2 and H2O, and finally volatilized and disappeared. Moreover, hydrophilic groups such as OH, COO, CO and COOH were formed on the surface, and the adhesion of the modified surface was greatly improved.
The progress of UV light source technology ensures that UV/O3 surface modification technology will play its outstanding advantages. UV/O3 surface modification technology is more and more widely used in solid surface treatment because it can obtain high cleanliness and surface adhesion.
3. Biological field
Promote plant growth, trap and kill mosquitoes.
The strongest ultraviolet absorption peaks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and nucleoprotein in bacteria are between 254 and 257 nm. After the bacteria absorb ultraviolet rays, the DNA strand breaks, which leads to the cross-linking of nucleic acid and protein, killing the biological activity of nucleic acid and causing the death of bacteria. Fast and convenient, because there is no physical contact and no secondary pollution.
4. Medical field
Ultraviolet sterilization, human health care irradiation, trapping and killing pests, oil fume oxidation, photo-catalase (titanium dioxide). Sterilization and deodorization.