The homology of medicine and food is not only based on the same source, but also based on the theoretical guidance of homology of medicine and food, that is, the principle of homology of medicine and food. For thousands of years, the same medicine, the same food and medicine, the same food and medicine, and the combination of food and medicine have become a major feature of Chinese medicine dietotherapy. It is not difficult to find examples of homology of medicine and food in many herbal books and prescriptions, such as black-bone chicken, mutton, donkey skin, bird eggs, onions, ginger, dates and so on. , used to nourish yin and yang, qi and blood, or regulate stomach qi, so as to achieve the effect of disease prevention and treatment. It is not difficult to find many drugs in a large number of ancient prescriptions, prescriptions and tea charts, such as medlar, yam, astragalus, clove, cardamom and cinnamon. So as to improve the efficacy of food health care and disease prevention.
Dialectical view of catering aftercare
Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic principle of TCM in understanding and treating diseases, and it is also one of the characteristics of TCM. Its embodiment in traditional Chinese medicine dietary nutrition is the combination of comprehensive diet and "dialectical diet", which is the basis of dietary nutrition, but not the dietary model. At present, the scientific concept of diet health is to advocate the individualization of diet health care. That is to say, according to different physique, occupation, region and illness, we should "dialectical diet", that is, "eat because of people", "eat because of time", "eat because of places" and "eat because of illness"
Eat for people.
Ancient Diet and Fetal Raising Method: Xu Zhicai, a physician in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, once wrote the Method of Fetal Raising in the Month to adjust the diet of pregnant women according to their different stages. For example, in the early pregnancy, it is emphasized to eat "sour and beautiful" things, mainly light; In the middle and late pregnancy, give delicious food and emphasize the principle of tonifying kidney and nourishing blood.
It is very important to replenish kidney and qi in adolescence: this period is the mature stage of sexual development, emphasizing the principle of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence. Eat fish and shrimp, lean meat, poultry, eggs, milk, etc.
The principle of middle-aged people's diet advocates eating less reasonably and exercising more appropriately: middle-aged people are prone to gain weight, so the intake of carbohydrates and fat should be reduced appropriately; Limit foods with high energy density and low nutritional content, such as sucrose, fat and distiller's yeast. Eat more foods with low energy density and high nutritional content, such as vegetables, melons and fruits.
The diet of the elderly should be diversified and nutritious, and tend to be tonic: the diet of the elderly should be diversified and calcium should be supplemented appropriately. According to their physiological characteristics, we should follow the principle of "three more and three less", that is, protein has more vitamins, less fiber, less fat, less sugar and less salt.
People with different constitutions should choose their diet. Traditional Chinese medicine takes the balance of yin and yang as the starting point. Therefore, due to different constitutions, we should also pay due attention to the choice of diet. For example, obese people with phlegm-dampness constitution should eat less fatty and greasy products; Thin and prosperous people eat less spicy products; Litchi is sweet and warm, has a beauty effect, and can make the skin fair and ruddy, but it is easy to get angry if you eat too much. Fried peanuts, sunflower seeds and red dates are all dry. Eating too much is easy to get angry, with blistering lips and sore throat. Those who are physically strong should not eat hot tonic products; People with deficiency of spleen and stomach should avoid eating cold and sticky products.
Eat by time
The four seasons in nature are characterized by spring, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the basic principle of four seasons health preservation is "nourishing yang in spring and summer, nourishing yin in autumn and winter". Therefore, the four seasons diet aftercare should also follow this principle.
The principle of spring diet is to reduce acid and sweet, and choose spicy and warm products. Diet should be light and delicious, avoid sour, greasy and cold things, and eat more yellow-green vegetables.
Summer diet is hot and sour, less cold and less cold drinks. Choose light, refreshing, less greasy and digestible food. "Summer tonic" should warm yang and adjust yin.
The principle of autumn diet is to add less bitterness, prevent dryness and protect yin. For example, eat less spicy products such as onions, ginger, garlic, leeks and peppers, and eat more sour fruits and vegetables. Eat more sesame seeds, walnuts, honey, glutinous rice and dairy products. The principle of winter diet is to reduce salt and increase bitterness, protect yin and suppress yang. Appropriate intake of soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle, lotus root, flax, fungus, etc. Tonifying in winter should be based on nourishing yin and protecting yang.
It varies from place to place
The edible value of the same food to human body will be different in different areas. For example, eating a certain amount of peppers from Hunan and Sichuan will have a certain health care effect. Because these areas are wet and rainy, local people eat more spicy food, which can dispel the tide and drive away the moisture and make their bodies adapt to the natural environment with low pressure and high humidity. If people live in dry areas in the north, eating too much pepper will be harmful to their health.
Eating due to illness
Traditional Chinese medicine has the theory of "homology of food and medicine" and "homology of medicine and food". Food, like medicine, has certain bias. Diseases caused by eating disorders are increasingly endangering human health. These diseases are called "lifestyle diseases" abroad, so many scholars in Europe and America shouted: "Don't dig your own grave with your own teeth". Now people have realized the harm of food-borne diseases. From another point of view, making use of the different properties of food, scientifically and reasonably preparing meals and adjusting the balance of yin and yang can effectively prevent and treat some diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has attached great importance to the functions of "food supplement" and "diet therapy" since ancient times. The book "Longevity for the Aged" points out: "Those who are good at treating diseases are not as good as those who are cautious; It is better to be good at medicine than to be good at food. " Thus, the practical value of dietotherapy. For some chronic diseases, we should pay more attention to the role of diet therapy. As the saying goes, "three points are in the doctor, seven points are in the care." Among them, "nourishing" includes "diet therapy" and nourishing. For example, the dietotherapy method of diabetes should determine the principle of diet according to the characteristics of upper digestion, middle digestion and lower digestion. Another example is the scientific diet of cancer patients. According to the survey, one third of cancers are related to unscientific eating habits. Bad eating habits that are easy to cause cancer, such as overeating barbecue food, contaminated food, fried food, high-fat food, etc. The principles of dietotherapy for cancer are as follows: (1) Choose foods that strengthen the body resistance and eliminate pathogens and enhance immune function; (2) Choose foods with functions of softening and resolving phlegm; Choose food with the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; Choose foods with the functions of clearing away heat, promoting diuresis and detoxifying.