Keywords: ideological and political communication between teachers and students, causes and countermeasures
First, the ideological and political communication problems in the class
Education is a process of communication between teachers and students, which is inseparable from students' communication. How to communicate with students determines the success or failure of education and teaching, and every ineffective communication may hinder education and teaching. Effective communication between teachers and students plays an important role in cultivating students' healthy and rich personality, guiding students to develop good behavior habits, helping students learn knowledge well, transforming knowledge into ability and wisdom, and enhancing the emotion between teachers and students. Increasing communication opportunities between teachers and students and constantly creating effective ways of communication between teachers and students in practice are conducive to cultivating students' correct outlook on life, world outlook and values, stimulating students' enthusiasm and creativity in knowledge, and cultivating students' spirit and practical ability to take responsibility. Effective communication helps to overcome the limitations of students' learning process and broaden their knowledge horizons. [1] In the actual teaching process, due to the influence of subjective and objective factors, communication problems in ideological and political lessons are inevitable.
(A) improper communication leads to disharmony between teachers and students
In the usual teaching process of ideological and political courses, we often see such a phenomenon: teachers are enthusiastically imparting knowledge to students, but students are not interested. Teachers often face students' resistance, low learning motivation, inattention, weariness of learning and even direct opposition. Traditional teaching mainly adopts the mode of "inducing learning motivation-perceiving knowledge-understanding knowledge-applying knowledge-checking feedback", and strives to let students master knowledge as soon as possible. However, under the influence of exam-oriented education, this model has evolved into "spoon-feeding" teaching. In teaching, teachers' leading role is unilaterally emphasized, and the teaching process is boring, mechanically applied according to operating procedures, and students are passively indoctrinated. Moreover, students have been influenced by the concept of dignity of teachers since ancient times, and from the perspective of communication, there are difficulties in communication between teachers and students. For example, in language communication, teachers have the right to speak in class and evaluate students subjectively; In the communication of body language, teachers often use body language improperly, and it is easy to reveal their negative emotions to students, which has a bad influence on students. In other words, it is easy for teachers to show concern for one student through body language, while ignoring the psychology and emotions of other students, which will easily lead to the fairness of classroom teaching that students are extremely disgusted with. Thirdly, there is often a lack of emotional communication between teachers and students. The communication between teachers and students is basically limited to the communication of objective events in classroom teaching, but lacks in-depth communication and communication in emotional fields such as emotion, belief, values, attitude and morality.
(B) poor communication, it is difficult to achieve educational goals.
In the teaching of ideological and political course, it is a common phenomenon that students get good grades in exams, but only stay on the surface language, but their thoughts and behaviors are quite different, often with different appearances. In classroom teaching, the so-called active and open teaching of strengthening behavior training is adopted, but as we all know, it is still "active for activities and open for openness". [2] Students have formed some idealistic moral knowledge by this kind of indoctrination for a long time, which can cope with the exam, but it has little effect on improving the quality of behavior. In addition to the shortcomings and shortcomings of the traditional teaching model, the obstacles to communication between teachers and students in ideological and political courses are more prominent. Influenced by exam-oriented education, most teachers of ideological and political courses teach by the rules, and the teaching process becomes blunt and indoctrinated. The more teachers talk, the less students are willing to accept it. The boring classroom atmosphere makes students lose any interest. This has developed into a neglected course in which students are afraid of learning and teachers are afraid of teaching.
Second, the reasons for communication barriers between teachers and students
In daily teaching activities, the communication between teachers and students often cannot be carried out because of some minor mistakes, and even worse, the opposite effect may occur. The communication between teachers and students can not be realized, which affects the effective transmission of information. In today's primary and secondary school teaching in China, due to the influence of teachers' dignity concept, teachers often criticize students with fierce words in classroom teaching and daily life learning, and even insult students with inappropriate language, which hurts their psychology and personality. Although the teacher's starting point may also be for the students, if we only pay attention to the teacher's authority, ignore the students' feelings and ignore the idea of emotional communication with students, it will inevitably make students fear and rebel against the teacher, lead to the tension and indifference of the teacher-student relationship, and then create obstacles to further communication between teachers and students. Teacher-student communication, as a concrete and complex social relationship and a concrete social practice activity with situational characteristics, is the result of many factors.
(A) communication barriers caused by educational ideas and methods
In the traditional teaching mode, the role played by teachers often creates obstacles to the communication between teachers and students. For example, some people listed the different roles of 12 teachers: the source of knowledge and the assistant of learning, the demonstrator of behavior, the representative of society, the judge and mediator of students' behavior, the group leader, the acting parent, the confident supporter, the detective of bad behavior, the nanny, the target or scapegoat of venting anger, the teacher and friend, and the idol. [3] Most of these teachers' roles determine that teachers should play a leading role in the process of teacher-student interaction, and teachers, influenced by these role factors, often unconsciously point the finger at students in the process of teacher-student interaction. Emphasizing that the source of problems is all caused by students, not only can not alleviate students' negative emotions, but also increase their pressure. In view of this concept, modern education advocates respecting teachers and loving students, but the potential rule is to respect teachers first and love students second. In the long run, it will stifle students' courage to express themselves, and at the same time deprive students of their right to make their own decisions and sense of responsibility. In the end, this way can't establish an open, encouraging and constructive positive communication.
Although it has been reformed many times, the educational ideas and methods in reality are still far from the modern, scientific and reasonable educational ideas and methods advocated by educational researchers. As for what knowledge is in education, how should teachers cultivate students' personality, emotion, morality and attitude while cultivating and developing their knowledge and skills? What roles do teachers and students play in classroom teaching? How should teachers improve students' participation in class and cultivate students' active inquiry consciousness and autonomous learning ability. This series of basic education problems have not been well solved in primary and secondary schools. [4]
(B) communication barriers caused by both teachers and students
In this special school group, teachers are faced with growing independent individuals. Because the class size of primary and secondary schools in China is usually relatively large, it is difficult for teachers to pay attention to every student in the process of classroom teaching and communicate with every student in real time. Every student has different personality characteristics. Some students are cheerful and generous, and are good at communicating with teachers. Some students are shy, self-abased, like to be alone, not good at communication, and do not respond strongly to the communication information sent by teachers. Students with strong interest in learning and good grades are often willing to communicate with teachers; And those students who think the course is boring and are forced to come to class by grades and regulations have no initiative in learning and have no intention to communicate with teachers at all; Students with poor grades are unwilling to communicate with teachers because of their inferiority complex; Some introverted students want to talk to their teachers.
Communication is also afraid of "flattery", so keep a distance from the teacher. This will have a bad influence on the communication effect.
On the other hand, the main obstacles affecting the communication between teachers and students are not only the differences in status and roles, but also the differences in maturity (such as knowledge, experience, emotion, ambition, attitude, etc.) between teachers and students. ), gender, age, social background, interest and other factors, as well as the different channels of obtaining information and the amount of information obtained, lead to the inability to communicate in time and effectively. Because of these differences, teachers and students will have different views on the same information when communicating, and there is a generation gap between them, so they lack a common language, which leads to this special obstacle to interpersonal communication.
(C) communication barriers caused by teaching methods and communication methods
The teacher's lectures are lively and informative, and the classroom atmosphere is active. Students will like to listen to the teacher and communicate with him. However, teachers are too rigid, pedantic and rigid in teaching methods, and students will be reluctant to listen to teachers and communicate with them. In addition, teachers' personal style also affects students' willingness to communicate: teachers who are cheerful, generous, sincere and have strong personal charm can often attract students; Faced with teachers who are too serious, indifferent and arrogant, students are reluctant to communicate with them.
In daily teaching activities, teachers often rely on experience and imagination to communicate with students, and can't really get in touch with students' hearts. In the process of communication between teachers and students, if teachers do not pay attention to the ways and means of communication, they will inadvertently hurt students' self-esteem and emotions, thus affecting the interpersonal relationship between teachers and students, and even leading to the rigidity or hostility of the relationship between teachers and students. At this time, no matter how good the teacher is, the students will not accept it, and they will have a strong resistance to the teacher from the bottom of their hearts.
Third, ways to promote effective communication in ideological and political courses
(A) update the concept, student-oriented, is the basis of effective communication.
There are relatively few classes in ideological and political courses every week, and the interval between classes is long. In addition, a political teacher is in multiple classes, so there are many students and fewer opportunities for communication between teachers and students. Ideological and political lessons should implement the principle of integrating theory with practice, one of which is to integrate students' ideological practice with knowledge practice. Therefore, we must change from contacting students only in class to contacting students as much as possible at ordinary times. In class, self-study or other spare time, I often walk in classrooms, corridors and playgrounds, or talk with them, or participate in their extracurricular activities, which not only understands their various situations, but also cultivates the feelings of teachers and students. Middle school students' self-awareness is gradually enhanced, and they are no longer credulous and blindly follow teachers' words and deeds like primary school students, which requires teachers to play their guiding role in emotional education in order to gain students' trust. Long-term teaching practice has proved that teachers always smile, have a kind attitude and kind language, be "a good teacher on stage and a good friend off stage", care for and care for students, and place hope on them, so as to gain their trust, students will be willing to approach teachers and accept their education, and students will make rapid progress. It can be seen that this emotional power of teachers and students is very important to students.
1, realize the role transformation, and make everything student-oriented.
For a long time, teachers, as classroom managers and controllers, are no longer monopolists of knowledge, but their roles have changed from authority to equality, from imparting knowledge to participants in knowledge. The communication between teachers and students is no longer imperative, but has the characteristics of dialogue between friends-it is two-way interaction, not just one-way information transmission. Therefore, teachers, as the main actors in the communication between teachers and students, must change the traditional communication role, always reflect the students' dominant position in the teaching process, and give full play to the students' enthusiasm and initiative in the learning process. Teachers should be creators of good communication environment between teachers and students, providers of communication opportunities, organizers of positive interaction between teachers and students, supporters, helpers, directors and promoters of students' development. It is necessary to "take students as the main body", highlight students' dominant position in learning, and fully serve students' development.
2. Understand students and realize emotional identity.
To really understand students, the key is that teachers can't hold inherent prejudice and subjective judgment on students. They should stand in the students' position, put themselves in their shoes, observe with their eyes, feel with their hearts, and think from the students' point of view, so as to enter and experience their inner world and reach common feelings with their hearts. If teachers can't keep pace with the times and enter the fields that students are interested in, they will eventually be unable to accept and understand students' experiences and feelings.
3. Respect students and communicate on an equal footing.
Effective communication between teachers and students requires teachers to treat students equally and respect their value and dignity, which is not given to students by teachers' goodwill or imposed on them by teachers. It is that teachers believe, see and cherish the value and potential of every student, and believe that every student has the motivation and ability to change and grow, instead of emphasizing good grades, good conduct, noble birth and ugly appearance. Only in this way can teachers truly treat students as equal friends and as a person worthy of respect like themselves.
4. Treat students sincerely and realize spiritual interaction.
We often hear students say, "I like this teacher because he is very kind to me." In school, almost every teacher's expectation of students comes from good wishes and goodwill to students. However, when different teachers communicate with students, students feel different sincerity, and the effect of education is also very different. In education and teaching. Teachers should get rid of camouflage and defense and communicate with students sincerely. A teacher's eyes, a smile, an action and even a pause in his speech convey his affirmation, appreciation and satisfaction to the students, realize the psychological communication of "silence is better than sound", selflessly dedicate his love to the students, and communicate with the students in a tangible and intangible way all the time, which is the key to the success of education.
As the saying goes: "people are not vegetation, who can be ruthless." As long as the teacher treats the students sincerely, persevere and achieve "sincerity, the stone opens the door", I believe the students will be willing to accept the teacher's teaching.
(2) Improving teachers' comprehensive quality and overcoming communication barriers are effective communication strategies.
Communication plays an important role in classroom management, and the essential requirement of communication is the effectiveness of communication. To overcome communication barriers, teachers must have good comprehensive quality, choose the best communication channels, organize teaching reasonably and pay attention to information feedback.
1, the improvement of teachers' comprehensive quality
Teaching in any school is essentially an activity in which teachers guide students to learn. The effectiveness of this activity is inextricably linked with students' learning consciousness, enthusiasm and creativity, but it is actually greatly influenced by the quality of teachers' teaching. From the perspective of pedagogy, a qualified teacher should have a variety of higher qualities. Specifically, it refers to teachers' ideological and moral quality, cultural quality, professional quality, psychological quality and their own personality charm. [5] Only teachers with noble thoughts, good moral quality, profound knowledge, superb art of education and teaching, good appearance and style, strong sense of responsibility and frustration tolerance, and sound personality can lay the foundation for effective communication and exchange between teachers and students, guide students to feel the charm of knowledge and improve the effectiveness of teaching.
2. Overcome the psychological barriers of communication.
Counseling students' psychology is a very important work in education and teaching. Teachers work with students with active thinking and distinctive personality, and use life humor to dredge students' psychology, which can get twice the result with half the effort for building a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. To overcome communication barriers, we must pay attention to the following psychological factors. First of all, we should pay attention to students' psychological background and apply some psychological effects scientifically in interpersonal communication. In the teaching process, students are required to listen carefully and pay attention to the teacher's teaching content accurately and timely. At the same time, students can listen to others' speeches in mutual discussion and communication, and compare them with their own thoughts, feelings, attitudes and values, so as to make self-criticism and self-correction. This is also a process of introspection. Secondly, enhancing memory is an effective psychological measure to eliminate communication barriers between teachers and students. Students with strong memory are also more likely to accept the knowledge taught by teachers. Third, pay attention to the construction of class culture. Good class culture is the positive background of interpersonal communication in classroom teaching. Class culture is also an important part of campus culture construction. To create an excellent class culture, we should pay attention to the little things around us, and don't be overjoyed. Class culture is a kind of silent education, which moistens things quietly and is therefore the most beautiful education. [6]
(C) improve communication skills, strengthen teaching exchanges
1, improve communication skills.
Whether the language is used properly or not directly affects the effect of communication. First of all, the speech should be focused, the language should be concise and clear, and the narrative reasoning should be well-founded, clear and logical; Proper wording, easy to understand, no abuse of words, no empty talk and rhetoric. Secondly, we should make good use of metaphors. Even complex problems can be told by simple metaphors. Thirdly, sign language and facial expressions can be used to enhance the vividness and vividness of communication and make it easy for the other party to accept. The expression of language or body language in communication is made under the background of individual personality, which is a reflection of the whole personality, and can especially enhance the affinity between teachers and students. Ideological and political courses are different from other courses that mainly impart knowledge. The moral knowledge taught in ideological and political courses is a kind of support and bridge. Its purpose is to let students accept what you say from the heart through the enlightenment of knowledge, so as to change their ideas and influence their behavior. This feature of ideological and political course requires us to pay more attention to the art of lectures, not only to understand the moral point of view, but also to be infectious, to convince people with reason, to move people with emotion, to convince people with emotion, so as to achieve the educational purpose.
2. In the teaching process, students are both the object of education and the subject of learning.
The famous educator Di Duohui pointed out: "Scientific knowledge should not be taught to students, but should guide students to discover them and master them independently." Therefore, in order to achieve good teaching quality, students' initiative and creativity must be mobilized. Einstein once said, "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it." Therefore, students are encouraged to ask questions at any time, discuss when necessary, and take the form of trial lectures to guide students into the role, so that students can become the protagonists on the teaching stage from a single audience, from passive learning to active exploration. Everyone has a certain desire to show more or less. In order to be competent in the role of teaching stage, students are bound to listen carefully and concentrate on thinking, and then they can actively participate in this kind of mutual exchange and communication in the classroom, and the effectiveness of communication will be higher. As the director of the teaching stage, teachers should carefully prepare lessons, know what they want to teach like the back of their hands, and make the information exchanged fully and effectively, so as to achieve the best way of communication, make classroom teaching colorful and promote the interaction of classroom teaching.
(d) Learn to communicate and listen effectively and choose the best communication method.
1, learn to communicate and listen effectively.
Listening is a habit, listening is a kind of respect and listening is a kind of connotation. Effective listening can increase the trust of teachers and students and is an important condition to overcome communication barriers. Listening is different from listening in the general sense. Psychology divides it into "external listening" and "psychological listening". The so-called "external performance listening" means that teachers take an active part in listening to students' conversations and communicating with them. "Psychological listening" has a deeper level. We should not only actively listen to students' verbal expressions, but also carefully observe students' nonverbal information expressions, so as to "listen" to the deep meaning implied in their words from their eyes, tone, gestures and facial expressions. For many teachers, it's not that they don't listen, but that they don't want to listen. To learn to listen, we can start with the necessary attitude of listening, including: acceptance and equality, concentration and vigilance, appreciation and learning, persistence and calmness, participation and experience. This kind of listening is sincere listening, which effectively changes the way teachers listen, making them change from external listening to internal listening and from abstract listening to concrete listening. While listening, we should also interact with students in time, show that we are listening and give positive feedback, so that listening can get twice the result with half the effort.
2. Choose the best communication method
Teachers and students can communicate in many ways, especially in today's increasingly developed information technology. In the communication between teachers and students, teachers generally occupy a dominant position. Therefore, teachers should choose the communication mode that can give students the most appropriate performance according to the actual situation. Generally speaking, teachers will adopt face-to-face communication. This is the most direct and traditional way of communication. Teachers and students talk face to face, sincerely and frankly, and the effect of communication can be immediate.
But in some cases, there may be some things that are not convenient for teachers and students to communicate face to face directly, so an indirect way is needed. For example, a phone call and a greeting can bring us closer, avoid embarrassment in face-to-face communication and ensure the timeliness of communication. Communicate by email, QQ, MSN, blog, etc. It can make the communication between teachers and students more in-depth, understand some situations that students are not easy to master at ordinary times, and even directly face the inner world of students, and as students, they will get more complete help and guidance from teachers.
(E) vary from person to person, increase the flexibility of communication.
Confucius, a great educator, put forward the idea of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". He advocates different methods of education according to students' different personality characteristics and intelligence level.
According to the universality and particularity of human psychology and intelligence level, communication should be used flexibly in teaching according to the similarities and differences of students. Teachers should fully understand students' general knowledge level, acceptance ability, learning atmosphere, learning attitude and each student's interests, hobbies, knowledge reserve, intelligence level, thinking and physical characteristics, so as to proceed from reality and carry out teaching with a clear aim. At the same time, in teaching, we should not only pay attention to the collective teaching for the whole class, but also be good at giving consideration to the individual students, so that each student can get corresponding development; Put forward different requirements according to students' personality characteristics, and design the best scheme for students with different personality characteristics to become talents.