Ginkgo biloba is eaten to keep healthy and prolong life. Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol.
The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use. Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgetin. The water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, and their properties are similar to those of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediate in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogenic fungi was 865438 0%. 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid inhibited 25 clinical pathogenic fungi with an effective rate of 92%. In addition, the inhibition rate of epicarp extract on apple anthracnose and other 1 1 plant pathogens reached 88%- 100%. The control rate of ethanol extract on geometrid reached 100% within 3 days, and it also had control effects on Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests. According to Compendium of Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine, Ginkgo preparation can treat strain of livestock, nasal congestion, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, blood drop in urine, leucorrhea of female livestock, etc. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%.
Ginkgo biloba leaves also have important medicinal value. Up to now, there are more than 60 kinds of Ginkgo biloba extract with known chemical components/kloc-0. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, α-hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. In 1960s, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain curative effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. 1kg leaves add 20kg water, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The control rate of spiders and Pieris rapae is over 90%, and there is no residue.
There are more than 50 kinds of skin care and hair care products prepared with Ginkgo biloba extract. In addition, ginkgo beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo leaves have been circulated in the market and achieved good results.
The ecological benefits of Ginkgo biloba are mainly reflected in: from the perspective of cultivation, Ginkgo biloba belongs to a fruit tree-dried fruit; It belongs to timber tree species, protective tree species, insect-resistant tree species, longevity tree species and pollution-resistant tree species. Ginkgo biloba is an ideal tree species for fast-growing and high-yield forest, farmland shelterbelt, road shelterbelt, bank protection forest, beach shelterbelt, village shelterbelt, forest-grain intercropping and "four sides" greening. It can not only provide a large number of high-quality wood, leaves and seeds, but also purify the air, conserve water, prevent wind and sand, maintain water and soil, and improve farmland microclimate. It is a good tree species for afforestation, greening and ornamental, which is of great significance to the adjustment of agricultural and forestry planting structure in the north and south of China and the forestry development in plain agricultural areas. Ginkgo wood is of high quality and low price, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging power, special medicinal flavor and strong insect resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, and can also be used to make high-end furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo biloba has the characteristics of singing, guiding sound and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making machine models and wooden models of X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards and wooden telephones.
Ginkgo biloba also has good ornamental value. Ginkgo biloba is lush in summer and golden in autumn, giving people a handsome, gorgeous, luxurious and elegant feeling. Therefore, ginkgo biloba is regarded as an important tree species in courtyards, sidewalks and gardens at all times and in all countries. In the famous mountains and rivers and ancient temples in China, there are tall and straight ancient ginkgo biloba. They go through vicissitudes, trace back to ancient and modern times, and give people a sense of mystery. Poets and poets of past dynasties set foot in temples, leaving many poems and songs, proud of their beautiful scenery and merits. No wonder people marvel at the close relationship between ancient ginkgo biloba and ancient culture.
Ginkgo biloba is magnificent, its trunk is winding and lush. Ginkgo biloba with graceful posture is selected and processed into bonsai, and the majestic posture of Ginkgo biloba in nature is concentrated in the basin. It is elegant and interesting, and it is clear to the desk, which makes people feel happy.
From the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L. of Ginkgoaceae.
Other names: Lingyan, Fojia, Bergamot, Ginkgo, Duck Foot, Gongsun Tree and Duck Palm Tree.
Chinese Pinyin Baiguo
English name ginkgo seed
Chemical components include ginkgolic acid, bilobanol, ginkgol, ginkgo flavone, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, etc.
Shape, plant shape, deciduous tree. Branches are divided into long branches and short branches. Leaves clustered on short branches, or spirally scattered on long branches, fan-shaped, with shallow waves on the upper edge, sometimes shallowly or deeply split in the center, and branches bifurcated; Petiole is long. Flowers are unisexual, equal to the same plant; Peanut balls are in the axils of short branches or bracts and open at the same time as the leaves; The male flower is catkin-shaped, while the female flower has a long stalk with two forks at the stalk end, and there are 1 ovule at the fork end, and each ovule bears 1 ovule, with only 1 development. The seeds are drupe-shaped, oval to nearly spherical, with fleshy exocarp and white powder, orange-yellow at maturity, bony endosperm and white. The flowering period is May and the fruiting period is 65438+ 10.
The medicinal materials are oval or ovoid, with a length of1.5 ~ 3cm and a width of1~1.8cm.. The surface is milky white to light brown, smooth, with 1 ~ 2 polka-dot protrusions at the base and ribbed edges. The inner seed coat is hard, and the inner core is oblate and yellow-green. It tastes slightly sweet and bitter.
It tastes flat, sweet, bitter and astringent.
Function is mainly used to treat asthma, phlegm cough, leucorrhea, white turbidity, nocturnal emission, gonorrhea and frequent urination. 1. astringe the lung to relieve asthma and reduce the amount of phlegm: suitable for cough, asthma and excessive phlegm, regardless of cold and heat. 2. Sewing and removing dampness: used for treating leukorrhagia. It can be used whether the lower energizer is weak, leucorrhea is thin, or hot and humid bets with yellow turbidity. 3. Eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma: used for treating asthma and expectoration, which can eliminate phlegm and relieve asthma. 4. Convergence dehumidification: it can cure leucorrhea with red discharge, turbid urine, frequent urination and enuresis.
Adverse reactions Ginkgo poisoning occurred within 1 ~ 12 hours after taking the drug, with symptoms of fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions and dyspnea, and severe cases may die of respiratory failure. A few people have sensory disturbance and lower limb paralysis. Never use too much ginkgo. You should also pay attention to this when eating food made of ginkgo. Irritating to the skin, ginkgo biloba exocarp is toxic, which will irritate the skin and cause contact dermatitis and blisters. Allergic dermatitis can also occur when someone touches it.
Taboos are forbidden to those who have real evil.
The growing area is born in sunny, moist and fertile loam and sandy loam, and is generally cultivated. Location: Guangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hubei and Liaoning.
Harvest the autumn seeds when they are mature, remove the outer layer of the fleshy seed coat, steam or slightly cook, and air dry.
Whether it is medical insurance, medication or medical insurance.
Is this an over-the-counter drug?
For a long time, taking seeds is the best way to manage ginkgo biloba. Therefore, related literature classifies Ginkgo biloba as a fruit tree.
The yield index of Ginkgo biloba, the external morphology of Ginkgo biloba and the type and quantity of its inclusions are the basic conditions for identifying Ginkgo biloba varieties. Morphological characteristics, phenology and cultivation characteristics are only evaluated as auxiliary conditions.
1. Excellent varieties of Ginkgo biloba
At present, the main criterion for evaluating excellent varieties is the yield and quality of seeds. Excellent varieties refer to: high uniformity of kernel size; High and stable yield, the change of output for three consecutive years does not exceed 30%; The kernel rate is above 26%, and the kernel rate is above 76%. Nuts contain more than 65% starch and more than 60% sugar. According to the above indicators, the excellent varieties selected in various places are as follows:
(1) Ginkgo biloba: mainly produced in Anlu, Xiaogan, Suizhou, Lingchuan, Luoshan, Henan, Dabie Mountain, Anhui and other places in Guangxi. The seeds are obovate, with an average weight of 1 1g and a stem length of 4cm. The seed nucleus is large, obovate, slightly flat, with wings at the edge, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.6 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.2 cm, with an average seed nucleus weight of 3.3 g and 365,438+00 seeds per kg. . The seed setting rate is 29%, the seeds are large and full, and the fruit setting rate is high.
(2) Dameihe: mainly planted in Zhuji, Lin 'an and Changxing in Zhejiang, Lingchuan and Xing 'an in Guangxi, Anlu and Suizhou in Hubei. Pixian County, Jiangsu Province and Tancheng City, Shandong Province are also cultivated. The seeds are spherical or nearly spherical, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.0 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, an average unit weight of 12.2 g and a stem length of 4.5 cm. The seeds are large and full, slightly flat, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.4 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.9 cm. The average single seed weight is 3.3 grams, with 300-420 seeds per kilogram, and the seed yield is 26% and 75%. The product has full nuts and strong waxy characteristics. Drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong adaptability and good high yield performance.
(3) Giant Buddha Hand: mainly produced in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu Pixian, Zhejiang Changxing, Hubei Xiaogan, Henan Luoshan and Anhui Dabie Mountain are also cultivated. The seeds are ovoid, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.5 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm. The average single seed weight is 65438 07.6 g, and the stems are thin and about 4.0 cm long. The seed nucleus is oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.9 cm and a transverse diameter of 1.7 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.3 g and 3 10 seeds per kilogram. The kernel rate is 26%, and the kernel rate is over 75%. The core is big and the shell is thin, and the waxy property is poor. The waterlogging resistance and wind resistance are weak, and the year is not obvious.
(4) Daikin pendants: mainly produced in Tancheng, Shandong and Pixian, Jiangsu. The seeds are long and oval, shaped like earrings, hence the name. The longitudinal diameter of seeds is 2.9 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.4 cm, the average unit weight 10g, and the stem length. The seeds are oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.7 cm and a transverse diameter of 65,438 0.6 cm, with an average single seed weight of 2.8 g and 360 seeds per kg. The nucleation rate is 25.4%, with large core, thin shell and strong waxy property. Fast-growing, high yield, drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance and barren tolerance.
(5) Dayuanzhong: Tancheng, Shandong and Pixian, Jiangsu are widely cultivated. The seeds are nearly spherical, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.9 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, with an average single weight 13.7 g and oblique stems. The seeds are short and round, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.5 cm and a transverse diameter of 2. 1 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.6 g and 280 seeds per kg. The nucleation rate is 26. 1%, with large nucleus, thin shell and complete kernel. The tree has strong potential, vigorous growth, strong stress resistance, fast growth, early fruiting, high and stable yield, and high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions.
(6) Buddha's finger: mainly produced in Taixing, Jiangsu. Pixian County, Jiangsu Province and Tancheng City, Shandong Province are also cultivated. The seeds are obovate and oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.65438 0 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.4 cm, with an average unit weight of 65438 03.3 g, and the stems are slender and about 5 cm long. The seed nucleus is obovate and oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.7 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.7 cm. The average weight of seed kernel is 3.3g, with 3 10 seed per kg. The nucleation rate is 28%, the core is large, the shell is thin and the quality is excellent.
(7) Dongting Emperor: mainly planted in Wuxian, Jiangsu, Lingchuan and Xing 'an, Guangxi. The seeds are obovate, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.6 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, with an average unit weight of 17.6 g and a stem length of 4.3 cm. The seed nucleus is oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.65438 0 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.9 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.6 g and 280 seeds per kg.
(8) Damaling: mainly produced in Zhuji, Zhejiang, Pixian, Jiangsu and Tancheng, Shandong. The seeds are oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.6 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.3 cm, with an average unit weight of 65,438 0.3 g, and the stems are wide and flat, about 3 cm long. The seed nucleus is oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.2 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.6 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.4 g and 300 seeds per kg. The nuclear rate is 27%. Seeds are sweet and waxy.
2. Name of the disease. See the standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous diseases. There is a yellow-green death syndrome. After treatment, the paste and water spots on the beads are mixed into a cloud, which looks like a white mixed obstacle. Southerners call it Ginkgo biloba.
At the beginning of the disease, wind and heat attack, damage to the true ointment, blood and gas stasis extremely broken beads. The paste and juice in the beads are festering. I am in poor health after this disease. See the crab's eyes and the spiral protruding strips.