Erhu maintenance method 1: tuning
The so-called tuning is the debugging of the piano. After getting the new erhuqin, the first thing to do is to fully debug it. According to my personal experience in buying a piano, if we want to measure the erhu purchased by perfect and strict requirements, even the most expensive and top-grade piano, there are some shortcomings in the production of each piano. Each piano is basically not perfect, but there are still some places that need debugging besides fine workmanship.
1, mortise structure part. The tenon structure of each piano has three five points (wooden structure here, mechanical lack of two points): one for the piano; There are two points in the piano barrel; Diligently expand bit by bit. First, the debugging of the combination of piano and tenon. There are some common faults in the joint of the hole truss here, such as tight outside and loose inside, tight at one end and loose at the other, and round hole truss. From the feeling of twisting the piano, it is: tight or loose or shaking or appearing? Kan Kan? Sound, feeling, etc. It depends on the specific situation, whether the hole is small or round, or whether it is noisy, or whether it is a file or sand. If possible, it can be finely reamed with a reamer with a diameter of 1: 10 mm, or repaired with 502 glue (if the hole is empty, use glue). When the debugged harp is rubbed with chalk dust, it feels important, not loose, not falling down, and easy to twist (running strings). The best fit of the hole is that the front hole is slightly tighter than the back hole, which is easy to twist and not easy to run, and vice versa. The front section of the violin should be adjusted to a general length, generally 38mm-40mm, and the longest length should not exceed 42 mm. The second is the debugging of the combination of the barrel and the rod. The combination here has a great influence on the sound quality of erhu, which is not easy to debug. Be careful. First, the common fault of the joint between the piano rod and the piano barrel is that the outside is strict and the inside (virtual) is not tight, showing an inverted V-shaped virtual seam. This is because some piano manufacturers file the tenon of the piano barrel into an inward virtual (empty) eye, which looks tight on the surface. In fact, when erhuqin pronounces, the air column of the piano tube drives the gap to vibrate, and one of the sources that easily cause noise is the inner eye. The only way is to use 502 glue. Secondly, the tenon shoulder on the lower side of the cylinder is combined with the mortise in the lower plate of the cylinder. This kind of mortise-and-tenon combination is ignored by most pianos, and the tenon shoulder is not in place, and it is not fully (tightly) combined with the bucket plate, because the inner wall of the bucket plate here is irregular arc, and the tenon shoulder must be made into irregular arc, which is a bit troublesome to do. Most pianists are careless, and few people from piano makers to piano players would think of this. The strict correction method for debugging this point is: paint the barrel board white with chalk (downward from the hole of the barrel), then close the barrel from top to bottom, and file the tenon shoulder when you see white spots, until the tenon shoulder is completely white (all white spots indicate complete combination). The third is the debugging of the combination of the piano holder and the piano rod. The mortise here is the end point of the stem and the holder. According to the producer's hobby, it can be made into tenon and semi-tenon. When debugging here, first of all, we should pay attention to the fact that the front and rear sleepers of the piano holder must be fully and closely combined with the piano barrel, and there can be no hanging phenomenon. Once suspended, vibration and noise are likely to occur. The way to check in place is to wipe the chalk and see that it is all white. When debugging the piano holder, we should also pay attention to whether the gap between the piano holder and the piano barrel is symmetrical and accurate, and at the same time, we should pay attention to adjusting the position of the fixing screws, and also pay attention to whether there are too many screws in the piano barrel. If there are too many, you'd better cut them off and file them flat.
If the tenon and mortise are properly matched, the whole structure will vibrate well and pronounce firmly when it is pulled up, and there will be no structural noise (broken bamboo effect).
2. Debugging of piano barrel leather surface parallel to the extension line of piano rod. After the strings are installed and adjusted to the standard sound, the leather extension line must be parallel to the piano rod, so that the vibration effect is the best. Otherwise, the stress points of the stem and the barrel will change, which will directly affect the change of the pressure angle of the strings. The stress angle of the backward leaning of the piano rod will increase, the tension and pressure of the strings will increase, and the tension and pressure of the forward leaning of the piano rod will be insufficient, which will affect the erhu. (The correct assembly of the piano rod should have a little backward inclination, about 89 degrees, and the forward tension will reach 90 degrees when the strings are tightened). This part of the adjustment involves the mortise adjustment of the stem, barrel and holder, and there are usually two ways to adjust: one is to dig half to make up the other half to adjust the eyes of the barrel; The second is to adjust the tenon of the piano rod, that is, the tenon and lower plate of the piano barrel and the piano holder, and adopt the method of cutting off half of the tenon and repairing the other half. Personally, I think the latter method is better, without damaging the piano barrel and moving the large structure.
3. Debugging that the center line of the violin tail does not match the center line of the piano barrel tail (that is, the left and right are biased to different axes). This is a common problem, which affects the overall vibration of pronunciation to some extent. I have seen a famous teacher in Suzhou make a lot of erhu tunes in succession and all of them are to the right (this has become a habitual manual defect). Debugging method: File the mortise and oblique corresponding surface of the barrel and the piano holder, and paste a little of the other corresponding edge with 502 glue and wood powder, and adjust it to be concentric left and right.
4. Debugging of piano chord groove. The left-right deviation of the harp directly affects the pronunciation and vibration effect. There are two points in debugging: first, the chord groove is left and right, so that it can be straightened naturally. Measure the string with a ruler. The two sides are not left or right, and it is best to center it accurately. If there is any deviation, carefully polish the chord groove with a hacksaw or a small blade. The second is the adjustment of chord groove depth. After installing the piano code, the gap between the strings and the leather edge should be around 1. Hmm. If it is too shallow, carefully dig deeper with a hacksaw or a small blade, and then polish it with sandpaper. The groove of the piano string is too deep, which will damage the skin. When the strings are pressed against the edge of the leather, the grooves of the strings must be filled with 502 wood powder and then polished.
5. Debugging is not smooth enough. One is that the acoustic window is usually rough, which affects the vibration of * * * *, and the other is that it affects the transmission of sound. It can be carefully filed and polished with a small file or fine sand strip. If there is shellac paint, you can also brush it with a brush and dry it thoroughly before fine sand. The effect is better. Second, if the corners of the piano bend are not smooth, you can carefully polish and wax it with 2000 mesh fine sandpaper. Third, the roughness in the barrel. For those with obvious rough burr, stick a fine sand strip on the bamboo stick to polish off the burr of the piano rod eye or sound window, because the pronunciation function of the piano tube is about 30% vibration and 70% reflection function. The smoothness of the piano barrel is the premise of good or bad reflection function. My piano cavity is basically polished with 2000 mesh sandpaper, which is brighter than the appearance (generally, the piano maker's sound window is not bonded).
6. Adjustment of leather edge. First, the protective sheet on the edge of the leather should not be too thick. If it is too thick, the fretting point will rise. You can use a small file sandpaper to grind off the edges and corners, and use a small file to slightly file off the guard plate with bow hair falling on it, because the top of the bow hair is relatively high, and moving the fretting point up a little will have a certain impact on pronunciation (usually, the lower the fretting point, the louder the pronunciation). Second, the glue on some piano skins is not in place in some places. You can touch it with 502 glue, hold it for a while, and then decorate it with a small file or sandpaper when it is dry.
7. Debugging of the bow. The bow should be adjusted to a handy effect, so as to achieve a good effect and a good mood when playing the piano. Bows often have some defects, such as poor bending, twisted bow rod and uneven bow hair. If the camber is not good, the bow rod distortion can be corrected by fire roasting. Operation method: prepare candles, cooking oil, cold water and rags, and loosen the bow hair to prevent fire and oil. First, apply cooking oil to the place to be roasted, put it on the candlelight and slowly rotate it until the oil bubbles, and then pull it to the right position (if it is a straight line, wrap it in cloth, clamp the bow rod with two pliers and screw it to the right position). Dip in cold water quickly, cool and set (the role of edible oil is to speed up the uniform diffusion of temperature to the bow, which is convenient to master the heat, and the bubbling temperature of oil is just right, otherwise it will burn). For long hair with uneven hair, bake it with cigarette butts and shrink it. Pay attention to control the heat, it is easy to burn if you are too close, and there is no response if you are too far away. The edges and corners of the bamboo pole head at the bow tip can be polished with a small file or emery cloth, and some bow hairs at the bow tip are cut into flat filaments with small iron sheets when making bows. Here, we should pay attention to check the edges and corners of the small iron sheet, so that when the edges and corners are exposed, people will unconsciously add small scratches on the piano barrel when playing the piano. The repair method is to wrap the bread with medical tape and apply some 502 glue.
8. Debugging of erhu accessories. There are four main aspects: string, weight, code and pad. There is no fixed method, you have to adjust it according to your own hobbies. The collocation of strings and piano should be adjusted according to the characteristics of piano and personal interest in timbre. Not necessarily the most expensive string is the best string, only the most suitable string for piano is the best string. There are two types of jack: fixed and linear. There are many materials for jack, so it is better to use what you like. 1000 kg customs clearance is very important, subject to the most convenient, comfortable and sensitive. Code. The materials of piano codes are also varied, and the timbre of piano codes with the same materials and the same system is also different. It is better to take what you like, such as maple, pine festival and so on. The volume of maple is higher, the volume of pine knot is lower, and the timbre is different. Pad. The material system of the sound pad is also varied, and the most suitable one is better, usually woolen cloth, felt and the like. In terms of accessories, apart from strings, you can debug and explore by yourself if possible, which is better for your own piano and your own hobbies (I have made a special introduction to Qianjin, sound pad and piano code).
Erhu maintenance method 2: pull
The so-called pulling is to use the method of playing, using full vibration to make the new piano fully run in and strengthen the cultivation of piano sound. Commonly known as "pentatonic, pentatonic", it vividly illustrates the adjustment and cultivation of piano sound by playing the piano. The vibration force of playing the piano is transmitted to the piano skin through the strings and codes. After a certain vibration intensity and time, the fiber structure of the piano skin is released, and the tension, tension, elasticity and internal stress are balanced, so that the effect of pronunciation and vibration is optimized, and the so-called piano playing effect is achieved from the external sense.
The skin of a new piano is usually very tight and hard. It is understood that some piano producers usually adopt some auxiliary methods to promote them in the production process. Curing? For example, some use chemical leather softener and other things to promote the softening (maturity) of the leather, and some use rubbing method to promote the softening (maturity) of the leather in the process of painting. All the auxiliary means can't achieve the best pronunciation effect, only the player himself has to rely on the vibration of the long playing process to promote the softening and elasticity of the piano skin and make the timbre more and more perfect.
Playing the piano hard is the best way to promote the softening (maturity) of the new piano skin. Through the process of playing the piano, the harmonious and unified relationship between the piano skin, the piano barrel and the whole pronunciation of the piano rod will be more harmonious and achieve the best effect. Generally, we should grasp two points when playing the piano: First, grasp the strength of playing the piano according to its characteristics. The piano with thick and tight skin should be strengthened, and the general piano should be kept above medium strength. The second is to ensure the intensity of playing the piano, that is, every time you play the piano, you must reach a certain time. Just like exercise and running, you must reach a certain amount of exercise every time to be effective. Is it that every time I play the piano, I feel that it takes about a quarter of an hour to play a new piano before the vibration effect of the piano enters? Role? Therefore, it takes more than half an hour to play the piano every time. Of course, the longer the better. In addition, you should play the piano often, once a day if you have time, and at least once a week if you have less time.
The leather of the new piano is tight, in order to promote it as soon as possible? Open it? Usually people use a variety of auxiliary methods, and there are usually three methods: first, massage? Every time you play the piano, you can cooperate with the piano cover? Massage? That is to say, pressing, rubbing and wiping the leather with a soft cloth along the scale direction can have a certain immediate effect (note that the sound of the piano before and after pressing, rubbing and wiping the leather is obviously different). In fact, its main function principle is to accelerate the elimination of internal stress, balance tension and pulling force, promote the softness and elasticity of the leather, make the fiber stress evenly, and improve and improve the vibration effect. This method is the best policy, which has no damage to the piano skin and can be used safely. Second:? Shock method? If the piano skin is tight and thick, you can also massage the erhu with the electric health massager that people often use for health care. The method is to remove the piano code, cover it with a layer of cloth, and gradually vibrate in circles from the periphery to the middle with an electric health massager for about 10 minute. The effect is very obvious. This method belongs to the middle strategy, so we should pay attention to the vibration intensity of the massager and the pressure on the piano skin. Is this a faster sound to turn on? Method? Third:? Skin compression? This method is simple and easy to operate, and can be made into a special leather pressing frame with a certain scale, and the pressure pressed on the leather is controlled by screws. The simplest and most common method is to put a Go between the skins of several new drums, cover a flat plate and press a heavy object on the flat plate. The faster the sound is turned on, the faster the sound is turned on, which is proportional to the pressure and time. This method is the worst way, and it is easy to cause some damage to leather. This method is used by some manufacturers to improve the selling point of new pianos.
Everyone plays the piano with different strength and methods, so the effect of playing the piano is different. Everyone is required to carefully analyze the characteristics of their new piano and adopt appropriate playing methods. The key is to use the best way to play the piano and achieve the best effect. Usually, the so-called popularity (closeness) of the piano is the embodiment of individual piano playing methods, which conforms to the characteristics of the piano. Note that, generally speaking, a good piano should avoid being played by people with poor piano playing methods. Once a good piano is played by a person with poor piano playing methods, the timbre effect will change obviously, which requires great efforts to adjust. Therefore, the good piano is still a little shy. There are many players who don't lend it to others easily and don't let others play casually. That's the reason. Besides, it's a bit like everyone's own car. It is easy to drive your own car for a long time. It's obviously a bit embarrassing for someone else to take your car and drive it for a while.
Erhu maintenance method 3: protection
The so-called protection is the daily protection and care of Qin. Erhu is a delicate musical instrument, which must be carefully cared for at all times, otherwise once it is damaged, it is likely to be irreversible and people will regret it forever.
1. Knocking, touching, rubbing and falling must be prevented. Even general negligence will cause damage to the piano, especially the weak parts of wooden structures such as the piano head and the piano barrel, which are most vulnerable to damage under the conditions of knocking, touching, rubbing and falling.
2. Leather must be carefully protected. Piano cover is the most important and fragile part of the whole piano. There are many factors that are easily affected and damaged, and the stability of the cover is poor, so it must be the focus of protection. Especially moisture-proof, dry-proof, insect-proof, scratch-proof and bump-proof. After playing the piano, wipe off the rosin foam on the piano skin with a rag every time after playing the piano, and then hold it up with a pencil rod, or loosen the string (loosen the string by 2-3 degrees). It is suggested that the piano code should not move down frequently, because every movement may hang the scale of the piano skin. Before using the new code, be sure to check whether the bottom edge of the code is rough. If it is rough, be sure to polish it before using it. It is good to carefully flatten the squashed scales of the piano skin, but we must grasp the temperature and ironing point, and never make mistakes. Erhu has been used for a long time, and its skin is dry, so it can be wiped on soft cloth with neutral wax or paraffin wax and beeswax. Increase the effects of moisture-proof, dry-proof and dust-proof.
3. Take care of the appearance of the piano. Generally, a little neutral wax, paraffin wax, beeswax and the like can be coated on a soft cloth to wipe the wooden part of the piano surface, or walnut kernels can be broken and wrapped with a soft cloth for polishing, dust removal, moisture prevention and drying prevention. It is usually enough to get it once a month. Don't wipe it with walnut oil in rainy days with high temperature and high humidity, because walnut kernel is rich in fatty protein, which is a little moldy in high temperature and high humidity environment. In other seasons of the year, especially in the cold and dry season, walnut kernel has a good effect, so be careful not to be too expensive or even when wiping with walnut kernel oil.
4. Be careful with the strings. Don't twist or fold the strings when you put them on. Once the strings are ready, don't always go up and down, because the strings can't be the original shape every time they go up and down, and each time they go up and down, they will produce different distortions, which will have a certain impact on pronunciation and also affect the stress intensity (tension) and service life of the strings. The strings should be wiped regularly, one is to remove rosin scale, and the other is to remove sweat stains on hands. If possible, it can be wiped with a soft cloth dipped in string oil, which has a good effect on removing scale, stains and rust. In addition, after the strings have been used for a certain period of time (generally speaking, it is 600 hours in theory), they should be replaced in time after tension fatigue occurs. The specific requirements for changing strings should be mastered according to their own conditions (usually the pitch relationship between the inner and outer strings of the lower handle becomes worse, so it is time to consider changing strings).
5. Be careful to protect the edge of the piano barrel. The upper and outer side of the piano barrel is the part where the bow hair and the piano rod rub for a long time, so it must be protected. The common method is to stick two layers of medical tape, neither too wide nor too narrow. Generally cut 20 mm wide and wrap the sides slightly. Tape wears easily. Once worn, tear off the old tape and put on a new one. Never put it on the old tape layer by layer. Because the tape is too thick, the point of rubbing the bow hair will move up, making the pronunciation empty and the volume lower. This is a problem that many people often ignore in order to save money or save trouble. It is a good habit to wipe off the rosin powder on the piano barrel every time after playing the piano, otherwise it will be difficult to remove the rosin skin in case of getting wet. In addition, solvents such as alcohol can not be used to remove the rosin skin from the piano barrel, which has great corrosion damage to the surface paint (commonly used shellac paint) of erhu.
6. Take good care of the bow. The bow hair of the piano bow should not be stained with oil, wax and other substances. Pay attention to the bad habit of holding the bow finger in the right hand and pressing it on the bow hair. Bow hair is dirty, you can remove it, wash it with soap, dry it and put it on. Be careful not to hang bow hair when playing the piano every day. As soon as the bow hair is hung, it will become longer. The parts that are easy to hang bow hair are: first, the edge of the barrel, the scale edge of the leather and the code, and second, the hammer and the head (especially the part where the head comes out). It is necessary to prescribe the right medicine to eliminate the direct cause of hair hanging. Don't accidentally get rid of the long bow hair, or you will get rid of it one by one today and tomorrow, and it won't be long before there is not much left. For hanging long bow hair, you can shrink it with cigarette butts, which is very effective and immediate. Pay attention to the heat when baking (the distance between the cigarette end and the bow hair), and then rub some rosin after baking, which has a good effect.
7. Be sure to adjust and check the jack. What I'm talking about here is the wire socket, which will not change easily after being fixed. First, wire sockets are easy to be stretched or tied loosely, which leads to the widening of socket spacing and needs to be adjusted in time. Second, the coils are unevenly stressed or piled together, which needs to be sorted in time. From bottom to top, a tight-to-loose combination is formed to form a clue group, that is, how to tighten and align the wire sockets.
Erhu maintenance method 4: hide.
The so-called possession is the preservation and collection of erhu. The method of storage and collection is directly related to the safety and life of erhu, which should not be taken lightly.
1, the right place. Less pianos can generally be placed directly in the piano box. Pay attention to check whether there are hidden dangers of sharp nails and fragile piano in the piano box (at present, many piano boxes have many parts that are easy to damage the piano, especially aluminum alloy piano boxes). If there are many pianos, you can put them in the piano cabinet for centralized storage and measurement. It would be great if you could bring a special camphor wood piano cabinet, which has a natural insect-proof effect. Generally don't hang the piano on the wall, and don't be exposed to sunlight, wind, places with large temperature difference and humidity change for a long time, such as places close to radiators and air conditioners. Sometimes, a little negligence will do harm to the piano. Don't play or practice the piano in these places.
2. Pay attention to the following points when keeping the piano: First, prevent high temperature; Second, anti-dryness; Third, moistureproof; Fourth, moistureproof; Fourth, prevent insects from eating; Fifth, prevent rats from biting people; Sixth, prevent other injuries. First, it should be noted that high temperature and drying are two different concepts. The high temperature may be high humidity or dry. For example, high temperature and high humidity coexist in summer in the south and warm and dry in winter in the north. According to the different characteristics of high temperature, do a good job of moistureproof and dryness prevention. Second, it should be noted that the dry environment may be dry, cold or high temperature. High temperature will cause accelerated aging of piano skin, wood deformation and cracking. And drying will cause the skin of the piano to shrink and the piano material to crack. Humidity will accelerate microbial reproduction, make the protein fiber of piano skin decompose and age, degum the piano skin, degum the piano barrel when the wood expands, and so on. The bow hair of piano leather belongs to protein fiber, which is very vulnerable to insects. This year, a friend of mine neglected it during his summer vacation. There was an unused piano box with no camphor in it. A few days ago, I found that the scales of the piano skin were eaten by insects. Whiteboard? , arch hair bite into a piece. Generally speaking, from April to the end of 10 every year, camphor insect repellent should be put in pianos and piano cabinets, and attention should be paid to insect repellent for pianos that are not used temporarily. Pay attention to the southern environment.