Wang Gang Gao Xiaoming

As a traditional culture in China, how to determine its own position and choose its own path in the new period has become a problem that people who care about Shaolin Kung Fu culture and the fate of Shaolin Temple have begun to seriously think about. Shaolin Kung Fu culture is of great and far-reaching guiding significance to the sustainable development of China traditional culture in the future.

First, the Shaolin Kung Fu culture in the cultural transition period

1. The cultural environment of Shaolin Kung Fu culture today

From the reform and opening up to China's accession to the WTO in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, China society has entered a transition period from a traditional society to a modern society. Great changes have taken place at all levels of China society. "The in-depth development of reform, especially the rise and development of the socialist market economy, has given a strong stimulus and great impetus to cultural transformation, and at the same time, it is urgent to require reforms in the cultural field to cooperate with it." Market economy is a brand-new cultural phenomenon, and its appearance has brought a shocking impact on traditional values, ways of thinking and ethical norms. The cultural ecological crisis of hedonism, money worship, cultural vacuum and cultural anomie has also become the price of one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and neglect of spiritual and cultural construction and development in the early stage of market economy. China culture began to face the historical choice of transforming traditional culture and establishing modern culture in China.

2. Opportunities and challenges faced by Shaolin Kung Fu culture under social transformation.

Since China's social reform and opening up, China, which has been closed for a long time, has gradually opened to the world with the deepening of reform and opening up. Including the traditional culture of China, began to communicate with other national cultures. Today, China society is transforming from a traditional society to a modern society, and its opening to the outside world is developing further. With the promotion of China's status in the world, the world began to understand China, and China attracted the world's attention in many ways. Shaolin kungfu culture, which is unique and full of Chinese traditional colors, has begun to spread widely around the world, but in the process, it faces both opportunities and challenges.

Under the influence of long-term agricultural civilization, China society began to transform into a modern society after the arrival of the new century. This is an inevitable historical choice for China society in the face of globalization. Compared with before the reform and opening up, China people's way of life and way of thinking have changed greatly. Similarly, previous attitudes towards China traditional culture, such as Shaolin Kung Fu culture, were different. People began to realize its importance to the country and began to protect and develop it. The sustainable development of Shaolin Kung Fu culture has become the focus of people's attention. Shaolin kungfu culture, which seems difficult to adapt to modern society, has also begun to look for a suitable point of convergence.

Since the concept of "global village" was put forward, the media has developed at an alarming rate. Especially with the advent of the internet age, the "global village" has become worthy of the name. The developed media and Internet all over the world provide favorable conditions for the spread of Shaolin culture on a global scale. On the other hand, many foreigners are interested in Shaolin kungfu culture. Perhaps it is difficult for foreigners to understand the essence of Shaolin Kungfu culture, which is characterized by the unity of Zen and martial arts, but both mysterious Zen and superb Shaolin Kungfu attract people's attention in different aspects. Every year, a large number of foreigners flock to Shaolin Temple to satisfy their long-cherished wish. The rapid development of modern society and increasingly fierce competition have brought great pressure to human society. "Civilization disease" has begun to become a universal social problem on a global scale. The effective preventive measure of "civilized disease" is to participate in physical exercise. As a traditional event, Wushu has always had a good mass base in China society because it is not limited by venues. "According to incomplete statistics, there are 60 million practitioners in Wushu, which is half of the population who participate in physical exercise all the year round." In recent years, due to the broadcast of Shaolin Kungfu movies and the holding of Shaolin International Wushu Festival, there has been an upsurge of learning Shaolin Kungfu at home and abroad. Only from the martial arts schools around Shaolin Temple, there are more than 80 schools with more than 30,000 students. It is in this social environment that Shaolin kungfu will find a broader development space in today's increasingly healthy pursuit.

Although the deepening of reform has provided a broad space for the development of Shaolin Kungfu culture, it has also challenged it in many aspects. It is embodied in the inheritance of Shaolin Kungfu culture and the loss of Shaolin Kungfu cultural resources in 1500. First of all, we should realize that the Shaolin Kungfu culture, which enjoys a thousand-year reputation under the banner of "Zen and Wushu in one", is not just some cultural relics that need to be protected, but a living Shaolin Kungfu culture. We can't just protect the halls, inscriptions, murals and other physical objects. The intangible cultural heritage of Shaolin Temple, such as Buddhism, monks, Zen, martial arts, medicine and fasting, is what we should protect. Secondly, from the appearance of "Shaolin" and "Shaolin Temple" as some trademarks, to the international cybersquatting and misappropriation of "Shaolin" and "Shaolin Temple" trademarks after China's entry into WTO. The only Shaolin Kung Fu culture in the world began to be diluted, misinterpreted, confused and carved up. When Shaolin Kung Fu monks went to Japan with the Japanese government delegation to attend the celebration of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China, China and South Korea, abbot Yongxin got "a 3,000-page inquiry report on 272 related trademarks registered in Japan, such as Shaolin Temple, Shaolin Temple Boxing and World Shaolin Temple Boxing Federation, and the development of 28 participating member countries around the world" from a Japanese friend. Although China society has begun to "connect" with the world, we will encounter many unexpected situations and problems in this process. Shaolin Kung Fu culture, which has been growing in the soil of China traditional culture for a long time, has been greatly challenged from the very beginning. Shaolin kungfu culture can't just "recite scriptures behind closed doors". For the sustainable development of Shaolin Kungfu culture in the future, we should stand up and defend the interests and rights of Shaolin Temple. On the other hand, when Shaolin Kungfu is popular at home and abroad, Shaolin Kungfu performances, Shaolin International Wushu Festival and other activities have created rich economic value for Shaolin Temple, but we must keep a clear head in the face of economic interests and protect and publicize the deeper cultural connotation of Shaolin Kungfu. In short, Shaolin kungfu culture is facing great challenges in the new era. As abbot Yongxin said, "I want to consider the next 1500 year of Shaolin Temple."

Second, the original value of Shaolin Kung Fu culture

Indian Buddhism was introduced into China and carried forward, forming the Zen Buddhism Sect in China. As the ancestral home of Zen Buddhism and its unique Shaolin Kung Fu, Shaolin Temple has an irreplaceable position among many temples in China. Shaolin Temple contains great cultural value. Therefore, it is Shaolin Wushu culture that makes Shaolin Temple famous all over the world. In the 1500 years since its development, Shaolin Temple has been playing its own role. What is the origin of Shaolin Kung Fu culture? A clear understanding of this problem is of great benefit to the future development of Shaolin kungfu culture.

From the 20th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 496) when Emperor Xiaowen built Shaolin Temple for Batuo, a monk, to today, Shaolin Temple, as a royal temple in the Central Plains, has maintained its own religious and cultural model.

A significant cultural value of Shaolin Kung Fu culture is the two-way influence and integration of Indian Buddhism and China traditional culture, and Indian Buddhism finally formed China Zen in the Central Plains. China's Zen Buddhism is integrated with China's Confucianism and Taoism in the historical development, which occupies a prominent position in China's ideology.

"Zen, with its tenacious and vivid vitality, still lives in the real culture of China, which constitutes a mentality of China people, especially the intellectual class." Zen Buddhism, which originated in India, was not smooth sailing in the process of China. When Zen first spread in China, it inevitably collided with the traditional culture of China and experienced many disputes with different sects. The heyday of Zen in China is the differentiation stage of Zen itself after the forbearance of the five ancestors. Nanzong Zen, represented by Huineng, the sixth ancestor, and Beizong Zen, represented by Shen Xiu, have different practice methods. The former advocates epiphany, while the latter advocates gradual cultivation. Their understanding of Buddha nature is also very different. This can be seen from Huineng and Shen Xiu's poems that inherited the mantle of five ancestors. Shen Xiu said, "I am a bodhi tree, and my heart is like a mirror platform. Wipe hard, so as not to get dusty. " Huineng said, "Bodhi has no trees, and the mirror is not a stage. There's nothing. Where can it cause dust? " The difference between them is "yes" and "no". In the end, the southern Zen Buddhism overwhelmed the northern Zen Buddhism, which made China Zen Buddhism enter a prosperous period. Huineng regards the noumenon of mind as "nothing", which is the real symbol of the formation of Zen in China. This understanding of mind and nature is the product of the integration of Indian Mahayana Buddhism and China Taoism. Among the four mantras known as the tenet of Zen Buddhism, "Don't tell anyone outside, don't make a statement inside, point directly at people's hearts, and see nature become Buddha", and "Buddha" has almost become the "real person" and "saint" pursued by Confucianism and Taoism. In this way, chinese zen gradually transcended religion and penetrated into all levels of culture and life. Culturally, the word "elegance" is highlighted. For example, "since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, many literary and artistic fields in Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties have been unable to resist the temptation of Zen, and even can't help but take Zen as a lofty realm." And "from the perspective of life, enlightenment and meditation are not only respected by many famous literati, but also regarded as high standards; In addition, the Zen style of "normal mind is the Tao" has also attracted the general public. "There is no doubt that the influence of Zen Buddhism on China people in China is far-reaching, and it will play a greater role in the future development.

Shaolin kungfu was originally produced to protect the safety of temples. With the passage of time, Shaolin Kung Fu has become more than just a martial art handed down to protect the safety of temples, especially after the cold weapon era passed, it has gradually developed to multiple levels, and the system of Shaolin Kung Fu has become extensive and profound, and its value is also reflected in different aspects. The most classic feature of Shaolin Kung Fu is the combination of Zen and martial arts. It can be said that Shaolin Kungfu integrates the essence of China's traditional thoughts such as Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism into Shaolin Kungfu in a unique way of cultivation, making it more cultural. "In Shaolin Temple, monks practicing martial arts is also a form of Zen, which is completely in line with Shi Wangdong's idea that everything is mysterious and self-present, and the Zen method of" seeing the truth "in Yunyan's" treasure mirror and three flavors ". The key to practicing Shaolin Kung Fu is whether there is "Zen mind". By practicing Shaolin Kung Fu in this unique way, practitioners can equate the process of practicing martial arts with the process of learning Buddhism and practicing Zen. On the other hand, Shaolin Kung Fu is a huge technical system with routines as the main part. Its movements, from the design to the combination of complete sets of roads, conform to the laws of ancient human medicine and human movement in China. Under the influence of the idea of "harmony between man and nature", Shaolin Kung Fu pursues the harmony between itself and nature. Therefore, after long-term continuous development and improvement, Shaolin Kung Fu can not only give full play to human potential, but also enhance many functions of the human body, showing high fitness and health preservation value. China's traditional aesthetic thoughts were also incorporated into Shaolin Kungfu routines during its formation, and rhyme, spirit, form, spirit and artistic conception were perfectly embodied in Shaolin Kungfu. For example, Shaolin's "Elephant Head Boxing" embodies the characteristics of various animals in action and modeling, and truly combines strength and beauty. That vivid performance really gives people a kind of beautiful enjoyment. Both the Zen spirit contained in Shaolin Kung Fu and the traditional aesthetic taste of China are the result of the continuous accumulation and innovation of China traditional culture in the long-term development.

Shaolin Kung Fu really became famous in China after King Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty conferred the title of Shaolin Monk. Since then, the patriotic spirit of Shaolin Kung Fu has been closely linked with it. Shaolin Temple should be a clean place for Buddhism and Zen, and it has nothing to do with the outside world. However, due to the special historical environment, he began to set foot in the national struggle and was famous for his "peaceful and prosperous times". Since then, people have become more familiar with the fact that in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Shaolin monks fought against Japanese aggression. No matter in which period, Shaolin Temple did not "jump out of the three realms, not the five elements" when the nation was in danger, but resolutely shouldered the national responsibility of "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". The infiltration of this patriotic spirit in Shaolin Kungfu further established the status of Shaolin Kungfu in China Wushu. Because, whether from China's traditional moral thought or from the desire of Buddhism to "educate all sentient beings", Shaolin Temple's "peace and salvation" is valuable for establishing national consciousness and carrying forward the spirit of patriotism. There are "Ten Wishes" in the "Rules of Shaolin Kungfu Buddhists" written by Mr. Wan Laisheng, the first of which is "I am willing to learn this skill to protect my country and benefit the people!" "As early as the12nd century, Jue Yuan, a Shaolin Temple monk, stipulated a strict' martial arts ban' for training monks to practice martial arts, which was called the' ten bans': once banned, they should not betray their teachers; Second, it is forbidden to think differently; 3. Prohibit false words; 4. No flowing art; 5. Prohibition of robbery; 6. Barbaric fighting is prohibited; 7. Prohibition and violation; Imperial edict eight prohibitions; 9. No bullying; Ten prohibition of alcohol and lewdness. " Shaolin kungfu is passed down under such rules. No wonder Shaolin Kung Fu, a just martial arts tradition, can be passed down from generation to generation. With the development of Shaolin Kung Fu culture, the "peaceful and prosperous times" of Shaolin Temple may never happen today, but that kind of patriotism will always accompany Shaolin Kung Fu culture and write a new chapter in the road of spiritual civilization construction in China in the new era.

The spirit of "the combination of Zen and Wushu" in Shaolin Kungfu has a very far-reaching influence on China Wushu and even Buddhist belief. Shaolin Kung Fu pays equal attention to the cultivation of mind and nature while pursuing the perfection of techniques. Kung fu is just a method of practice, and Shaolin monks have found another way to realize Tao by practicing Shaolin Kung fu. Shaolin monks put this universal spirit into the practice of Shaolin Kungfu, which made Shaolin Kungfu reach a level that other schools of China Wushu could not reach, thus forming a unique religious quality of Shaolin Kungfu, which is conducive to improving the spiritual realm of mankind. This religious quality and cultural function of Shaolin Kung Fu enriches the connotation of China's traditional spiritual culture.

I hope these are useful to you.