The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning and an end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.
Those who want to be obviously superior to the world in ancient times should rule their country first, and those who want to rule their country should rule their home first; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; To be sincere, you must know first, and you must know the style. Everyone knows everything, everyone knows it and is sincere, sincere and upright, upright and upright, well-trained and well-groomed, well-groomed and well-governed, well-groomed and well-governed.
From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing. This is called knowing it, and this is called knowing it.
The so-called sincere person is not deceiving himself. If it stinks, if it's lewd, it's called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent. Little people are not good at fooling around and do everything they can. When he meets a gentleman, he will resent it, fight for his incompetence and concentrate on his kindness. It is impossible for a man to treat himself as a liver and lung. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent. Zeng Zi said, "A rich house, a virtuous body, a broad mind and a fat body make a gentleman sincere.
As the poem says, "If you are as serious as you are, you will learn the Tao." If you are as sharp as a mill, you will learn from yourself; Those who feel sorry for others are embarrassed; He Xi Xi Xi, Wei Yi also; If you have a gentleman, you can't be embarrassed. Morality is the best, and the people can't forget it. There is a cloud in the poem: "A gentleman is virtuous, and a villain is happy, so that he will not forget the world." .
Chen Kang said, "Everyone said," The Emperor said, "It speaks for itself. Tang's plaque reads: "Say," a poem says, "So a gentleman does his best. Shi Yun: Shi Yun: Confucius said: Shi Yun: stop at benevolence for the monarch, respect for the minister, filial piety for the son, kindness for the father, and faith for making friends with Chinese people. Confucius said, "A heartless person will never do what he says, and he is afraid of others' aspirations. This is called knowing the truth.
The so-called self-cultivation lies in mindfulness, and it is wrong to be angry, afraid, happy and worried. Absent-minded, blind, listening but not smelling, eating without knowing its taste, this is called cultivating one's morality with the right heart.
There are few people in the world who are in physical repair, loved, looked down upon, feared, worried and lazy. So there is a saying: "This means that you can't keep your family together without repairing your body.
The so-called rule of the country must be in line with its family, its family can not be taught, and there is no one who can teach. Therefore, a gentleman does not become a monk and becomes a Buddhist. Filial piety, so things are also jun; Brother, so the matter is long; Yeah, that's why Gong Ye. Chen Kang said, "I sincerely ask. I missed it, but it's not far away. So are those who haven't learned to adopt children before getting married. A benevolent government, a benevolent government; A letter, a goodsky letter; One person is greedy, and one country is chaotic.
This means that a word is urgent and one person rules the country. Yao and Shun lead the world with benevolence, and the people follow it; Jie fights violence with violence, and everyone follows it. What it ordered was contrary to what it wanted, but the people did not obey it. Therefore, if a gentleman has himself, he will ask others, and if he does not have himself, he will not be others.
Hidden things are unforgivable, but they can be used to describe people, but nothing is left. So the rule of the country lies in its own home. As the poem says, "it is just right for him to tutor Chinese." A poem says, "You should be brothers and younger brothers, and then you can teach the people. As the poem says: "It is the law of father and son, and then the law of civil law. This means that the rule of a country lies in its own home.
The so-called people who rule their country by leveling the world are old and filial, long and lonely, and the people are different, so courtesy is the way of a gentleman. If you are evil, don't let it fall; What is evil is not in this matter; Evil is ahead, not behind; What is the evil of the future, not the evil of the past; Right evil, not left; If you are left evil, don't give it to right evil. This is called the way to slap the moment.
A poem says, "What the people do is good, and what the people hate is evil. This is called people's parents. As the poem says, "those who have a country should not be careless." If you open it, you will be slaughtered by the whole world. ".A poem says," If you gain a lot of knowledge, you gain a country; If you lose a lot of knowledge, you lose your country.
Therefore, a gentleman must first be cautious. Where there is virtue, there must be people. Where there is soil, there is wealth, and wealth is useful. Virtue is the foundation and wealth is the goal. The external cause is the internal cause, and the people strive for it. Therefore, if you gather wealth, the people will disperse, and if you gather wealth, the people will gather. People who say the wrong thing come out and go in; Goods that go in illegally will also go out illegally.
Chen Kang said, "If you are good, you will get it, but if you are not good, you will lose it. Chu Shu said, "My uncle said," Qin Shi said, "Only the benevolent untied and broke into the four barbarians, unlike China. This means that only the benevolent can love and be wicked. If you don't do it when you see a sage, you will die if you don't do it first. You can't retreat if you see something bad, you can't retreat quickly, and you can't go too far.
What a good man hates and what a bad man likes is his arrogance, and disaster will catch his husband. Therefore, a gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance. There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, and those who use them are sick, so wealth continues. Kind people get rich by money, and unkind people get rich by their own bodies.
It is also bad for people without kindness to go on, people without kindness are not finished, and people without treasury wealth are not their wealth. Meng Xianzi said: "This means that the country does not benefit from benefits, but also benefits from righteousness. To serve the country, those who spend money must be small. He is good, the villain's ambassador is the country, and the disaster comes from his mouth. Although there are good people, none of them are good. This means that the country does not benefit from profit, but also benefits from righteousness.
Translation:
The purpose of "university" is to carry forward noble virtues, care for people and reach the highest state of perfection. Only when you know that you want to achieve the state of "perfection" can you set goals. Only by setting a goal can we be quiet, stable and not chaotic. Only by being stable and not chaotic can we have thoughts and thoughts, and we can achieve "supreme goodness." Everything has a root and an end, and everything has an end and a beginning. Knowing their order is not far from the purpose of the university.
In ancient times, if people want to carry forward noble virtues in the world, they must first govern their own country; If you want to govern your country, you must first adjust your home; If you want to adjust your family, you must cultivate yourself first; If you want to cultivate yourself, you must first correct your own heart; People who want to correct their thoughts must first make their thoughts sincere;
People who want to turn their ideas into reality must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to explore things. Only after exploring things can we get a correct understanding, know the truth, revise our thoughts, cultivate our moral quality, adjust our family, govern our country and make the world peaceful after our thoughts are sincere.
From the emperor to the ordinary people, we should take moral cultivation as the foundation. It is impossible to corrupt people's roots, but the final details can be adjusted. Just as I am good to others, others are slowly good to me; I am slow to others, but others are good to me, which has never happened before. This is called knowing the root and the bottom, which is the highest level of cognition.
The so-called idea is true, that is, don't deceive yourself. It's like hating bad smells and liking beautiful women just to satisfy yourself. So a gentleman must be careful when he is alone. Little people can do anything bad at home. When they see a gentleman, they will hide their bad behavior and pretend to be kind and obedient on the surface.
Others look at you as thoroughly as they look at your heart. What's the good of pretending? This is what the heart looks like, and it will be revealed on the outside. So a gentleman must be careful when he is alone. Ceng Zi said: "It's terrible that a person is accused by everyone!" Wealth can make houses gorgeous, and virtue can make people noble, broad-minded and comfortable, so a gentleman should have sincere ideas.
"The Book of Songs" says: "Look at the curved shore of Qi water, green bamboo is lush. That gentle gentleman, like learning from bones and thinking about jade, studies and cultivates himself. He is dignified and radiant. That gentle gentleman is unforgettable! " The so-called "learning from bone" refers to the way of learning; The so-called "like playing with jade" is one's own moral cultivation;
The so-called "solemnity and majesty" means that the gentleman is modest and prudent, and the so-called "aboveboard" means the majesty of the gentleman's appearance; "That gentle gentleman is hard to forget" means that the gentleman's character is perfect, he has reached the highest state of perfection, and the people will naturally not forget him.
"The Book of Songs" says: "Alas, your late king was wise, so don't forget him." Later generations of gentlemen respect the respect of the previous generation of wise kings and kiss the relatives of the previous generation of wise kings. The people of later generations enjoyed happiness and gained benefits because of the wise kings of the previous generation. In this way, although the once wise king died, he will not be forgotten. The article "Gao Kang" in Shangshu Zhou Shu said: "Virtue can be promoted."
The chapter "Tai Jia" in Shangshu Shangshu says: "I miss the nobleness of heaven." The emperor of Shangshu Yu Shu said: "It can carry forward great virtues." These are all based on their own virtues. Shang Tang's "Pan Ming" said: "If you wash it one day, you will wash it every day without interruption." Gao Kang's article said: "Encourage people to turn over a new leaf." The Book of Songs says: "Although the Zhou Dynasty was an old country, the king of Wen inherited the destiny and became new."
Therefore, a gentleman should pursue perfection everywhere. The Book of Songs says: "The capital Fiona Fang, thousands of miles away, was born for the people." The Book of Songs says, "The oriole, chirping, lives on a wooded hill." Confucius said, "Oh, orioles know where they live. Are people not as good as birds? " The Book of Songs says: "King Wen is dignified and beautiful in manners and noble in virtue, which makes people admire him."
As a monarch, we should try our best to be benevolent; As a minister, respect the monarch; As a son of man, be filial to your parents; As the father of man, be kind; When dealing with China people, you should be honest and trustworthy. Confucius said: "My ability to judge disputes is generally the same as that of others, but I try to make disputes not happen at all." People who go against the truth can't do anything to make people afraid. This is called knowing the root and the bottom.
If you want to cultivate good moral character, you must first correct your mentality. It is not correct to be wronged in your heart; It is incorrect to be afraid and uneasy in your heart; If you have a preference in your heart, you will not be correct; It is not correct to have concerns in your heart. Once absent-minded, just look, but can't see anything; Listen, but hear nothing; I ate it, but I couldn't tell the taste. Therefore, the key to moral cultivation is to correct one's mentality.
If you want to adjust your family, you must first cultivate your own moral character. Why? Because people tend to be biased against people they are close to and like, those who despise and hate, those who fear and respect, those who sympathize and sympathize, and those who despise and ignore.
Therefore, there are very few people who love a person but realize his shortcomings, and those who don't like a person but realize his advantages. Therefore, there is a proverb: "People can't see the fault of their children, and they don't realize that their crops are good." This is the truth that you can't adjust your family well without cultivating good moral character.
To govern the country well, we must first adjust our families, because it will never happen that people who can't educate their families can educate the people of a country well. Therefore, a gentleman can teach people without leaving home. Filial piety is the principle of serving the monarch, respecting brothers, serving the Lord, being kind and controlling the people.
Gao Kang said, "Like a baby." Love sincerely, even if it doesn't suit the baby's mind, it's not far apart. No one has learned to raise children before they get married!
If a family is kind and blind, a country will be kind; A humble family respects each other, and a country will be humble; When a person is greedy and violent, a country will be in chaos-this is their relationship. This is called a sentence can ruin a big event, and a person can decide the country.
Yao and Shun ruled the world with benevolence, and the people followed suit. Jie and Zhou ruled the world with tyranny, and the people followed their cruelty. What they order everyone to do runs counter to his own passion for violence, so people don't obey.
Therefore, a gentleman requires himself to be moral first, and then ask others, and will not do bad things first, and then ask others not to do it. It is impossible for others to understand and forgive by hiding an act of forgiveness that does not conform to "Don't do to others what you want them to do to you". Therefore, the governance of the country lies in adjusting the family first.
The Book of Songs says: "Peach blossoms are gorgeous and flourishing. When the girl gets married, the family is happy. " People in a country can only be cultivated if their families are harmonious. The Book of Songs says, "Respect your brother and love your brother." Only when brothers live in harmony can we cultivate the people of a country.
The Book of Songs said: "Its ugly appearance has become the normal state of a country." Only by letting fathers, sons, brothers and younger brothers find their own positions can the people follow suit. This is called good governance. First of all, we must adjust our families.
To pacify the world, we must first govern our own country. Because the superior people respect the elderly, the people will respect the elderly; People will respect their brothers if they are respected by those who live in a superior position. People in a superior position cherish loneliness and smallness, and the people will not break their promises. Therefore, the words and deeds of a gentleman have an exemplary role.
If you hate what your superiors do, don't treat your subordinates in the same way; If you hate what subordinates do, don't treat your superiors in the same way; Don't treat the people behind me in the same way if you hate what the people in front of me do. Don't treat the people in front of me in the same way if you hate the people behind me. Don't associate with the people on my left in the same way if you hate the people on my right.
If you hate what the people on my left do, don't associate with the people on my right in the same way. This is the so-called exemplary role. The Book of Songs says: "Jun Yue, Jun is the parents of the people." He likes what people like and hates what people hate. This is the parents of the people.
The Book of Songs says: "Nanshan is high, and mountains are connected with mountains. Master Yin is brilliant and distinguished, and everyone admires him. " People who govern the country cannot but be cautious. If they make mistakes, they will be killed by people all over the world.
The Book of Songs says: "Yin has not lost his man, and it can be in line with God's will. We should take the demise of the Yin Dynasty as a lesson. Fate is hard to come by. " This means that if you get the support of the people, you get the country; If you lose the support of the people, you will lose this country.
So a gentleman should be careful, Xiu De. Only with virtue can we get people, only with people can we have land, only with land can we have money, and only with money can we enjoy it. Virtue is the foundation, and wealth is the purpose. If putting the cart before the horse, people will fight and rob each other.
Therefore, when wealth is gathered in the hands of the monarch, the people can be dispersed, wealth is evacuated to the people, and the people will gather around the monarch. So if you use unreasonable words to talk about others, others will use unreasonable words to talk about you, and the wealth gained by unreasonable methods will also be taken away by unreasonable methods.
Gao Kang said: "Fate is inconsistent." Good virtue is destiny, and evil virtue is destiny. The Book of Chu says: "Chu has nothing to cherish, only virtue." My uncle said: "Exiles have nothing to cherish, only relatives."
"Qin Shi" said: "If you have this minister, although you have no talent, you are honest and generous and can tolerate others. Others have talent, so does he; Others have both ability and political integrity, and he really likes it, not just verbally. If we can keep this person, we can protect my children and people. How good it is for the people.
If others are talented, they will be jealous and disgusted; People who have both ability and political integrity will be prevented from displaying their talents. We can't keep such a person. He can't protect my descendants and people. Such a person is really dangerous. "
Only the benevolent can banish such jealous sages to remote areas, so that they cannot stay in the central area of the country. This is called that only the benevolent can love and hate others. It is a snub not to recommend a sage, to recommend it and not to use it as soon as possible. It is a mistake to see the bad guys but not abandon them, and to abandon them without being exiled to distant places.
It is against human nature to like what people hate and dislike what people like, and disaster is bound to befall him. Therefore, all the noble virtues of a gentleman must be honest and honest, and arrogance will be lost.
There is such a principle to get rich: many people produce wealth and few people consume it; Do it quickly and use it slowly, so that you can stay rich forever. Virtuous people will sacrifice their wealth for self-cultivation, while immoral people will sacrifice their lives for wealth.
No superior likes kindness, and inferior people don't like loyalty; Without the loyalty of love, you can't complete your career; The wealth in the national treasury is gone, and it will not belong to the monarch in the end. Meng Xianzi said: "People who have a car and four horses should not care about the property of a chicken and a pig;" Doctor Qing's family doesn't keep cattle and sheep; A house with a hundred cars does not raise a retainer who gathers wealth.
It is better to have a thief-style retainer than to have a retainer who collects money. "That is to say, the state should not regard property as an interest, but should regard righteousness as an interest. The person in charge of state affairs is only committed to the accumulation of wealth, which must be the idea of a villain.
If you think this is a good practice and use villains to serve the country, then disasters will come together, even with good ministers! In other words, the state should regard benevolence and righteousness as interests, not economic interests.
Extended data:
"University" is an essay on the Confucian thought of self-cultivation and governing the country. Originally article 42 of the Book of Rites, it was said that it was written by Ceng Zi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Exploring the way to be a man is an important work of China in ancient times. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi praised it in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhu wrote a bachelor's chapter in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was finally called the "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
The University has been circulated for more than two thousand years, and it has its unique academic characteristics, academic achievements and social status in every period of China's history. The full text is concise, profound and far-reaching. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory and the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, which has profound enlightenment for being a man, doing things and governing the country.
The ancient moral concept was first rooted in the Yi-ology system, and "Tao" was the law of celestial bodies. Confucius advocated that "Tao" should be used in life, and that law should be applied to the world, so that people should not overstep the rules and follow the Tao of heaven and earth.
The full text can be divided into three parts, the first part is about the way of university, the second part is about honesty and prudence, and the third part will be about Zhuji seeking others again.
The full text is concise and profound, with far-reaching influence. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory and the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, and also systematically discusses the Confucian political philosophy, which has deep inspiration for being a man, doing things and governing the country.
At the beginning of the university, the purpose of writing this paper was discussed. The first word "Ming" is a verb, the second word "Ming" is an adjective, and "people-friendly" and "pro" make people kiss it. "stop at the best", the way to the best is heaven, which is changeable. Stop at the best, saying that people should change from heaven to example, and they should not overstep their bounds in dealing with others.
Then it discusses the influence order of people's thoughts and behaviors. No matter what you do, you will find that first you should be rational, then you should think clearly, so that your mind can be calm, and if you are rational, you can feel at ease, then you can think correctly, and finally you will gain something.
This summary must be summed up after thinking about the world. Yi Zhidong experienced spring, summer, autumn and winter, from birth to death, from glory to dryness, that is to say, everything has its origin and end. According to this principle, everything has its end. Knowing this, we can understand the law of Tao and take shortcuts.
Therefore, it was later pointed out that "the emperor and even Shu Ren were all based on self-cultivation". Whoever it is has the right to do well. It is up to the individual to choose whether to go with the flow or to be the mainstay. "At the end of the chaos and governance. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing left. Throughout the 5,000-year history, we have found the experience and lessons of "managing chaos at the end".
Most of the chapters in the back of the university are around the first two sentences. Its function lies in: focusing on the application of the Yi-ology theory to personal cultivation, pointing out that things develop regularly and orderly, and people can't put the cart before the horse, so it is. However, if the law is effective and the world is changeable, naturally, what do you get in the end, you will have the ability of "Ming De", and you can keep your family together, Xiu De, upright, knowing and doing.