Camellia is native to southwest China, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and other southern provinces. Camellia is a traditional famous flower in China, one of the world famous flowers, and also the city flower in Chongqing, the city flower in Yunnan Province, the city flower in Ningbo, Jinhua, Wenzhou and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, and the state flower in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Because of its beautiful plant shape, bright green leaves and colorful flowers, it is cherished by the world horticultural community. Camellia cultivation in China entered the court and people's courtyard as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, camellia cultivation became more and more popular. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of camellia blooming in Liuhai Temple in Chengdu at that time with the poem "Door fragrance cheers Shili Temple, and the scenery before wax is spring". Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty, Wang's Huapu in Qing Dynasty and Pu's Camellia all describe Camellia in detail. Camellia was first introduced to Japan in the 7th century, and has been introduced to Europe and America for many times since the 18th century.
morphological character
Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bowl petals, single or double. Colors are red, pink, crimson, rose, purple, lavender, white, yellow, stripes and so on. The flowering period is winter and spring, which is more resistant to winter.
The optimum temperature for the growth of camellia is between 20℃ and 25℃. When the temperature is above 29℃, it will stop growing, and the leaves will be anxious at 35℃, which requires a certain temperature difference. The environmental humidity is above 60%, and most varieties can withstand the low temperature of -8℃ (naturally overwintering, but Yuncha is not cold-tolerant). Generally, it can winter naturally in the area south of Huaihe River, which likes acidic soil and requires good air permeability. In order to promote the development of root hair, peat, sawdust, red soil, humus soil or a mixture of the above substrates can usually be used for cultivation. Camellia can be shaded in spring, autumn and winter, and 50% shading can be used in summer.
breeding method
Location: Camellia should be placed in a warm and humid place with ventilation and light transmission. There should be plenty of light in spring, and attention should be paid to shading in summer to avoid direct sunlight and exposure to western sunlight. If you put it on the balcony, you will often get sunburned if you are not careful.
Watering: The cultivation of camellia bonsai should keep the soil moist, but it should not be too wet to prevent dryness and wetness. Generally, it can be watered properly in spring to facilitate germination and budding; Insist on watering in the morning and evening in summer. It's best to spray water on the leaves to soak them. Do not use urgent water for direct irrigation or full irrigation. It is not advisable to water with hot water, and avoid high temperature watering around noon. Water should be appropriate in autumn; It is advisable to water around noon in winter, and spray water every two or three days.
Fertilization: Camellia likes fertilizer, so when putting pots, we should pay attention to putting base fertilizer in the pot soil, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Fertilizers applied include decomposed bone meal, hair, chicken feathers, chaff ash, poultry manure and calcium superphosphate. Usually, it is not advisable to apply too much fertilizer. Generally, 2 ~ 3 times of thin fertilizer water should be applied in April ~ May after flowering, and a little thicker fertilizer should be applied in autumn165438+1October. When using fertilizer, we should pay attention to the proportion of phosphate fertilizer, so as to promote the colorful flowers.
Pruning: Camellia grows slowly and is not suitable for excessive pruning. Generally, long branches, pests and weak branches that affect trees will be cut off. If there are too many buds on each branch, only 1 ~ 2 can be thinned to keep a certain distance, and the rest can be picked as soon as possible to avoid consuming nutrients. In addition, it is necessary to pick flowers that are close to withering in time, which can also reduce nutrient consumption, which is conducive to the healthy growth of plants and the formation of new flower buds.
Pot turning: Camellia bonsai can be turned once every 1 ~ 2 years, and the new pot is larger than the old one, which is beneficial to the stretching and development of roots. The turning time should be in spring and April, or autumn. Combined with soil replacement, some hardened old soil should be properly removed and replaced with fertile and loose new soil, combined with base fertilizer application. Pest control: Camellia diseases mainly include black mold and anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 0.5 degree Bordeaux mixture. The main pest is tea-tip moth, and the control method is to cut off the insect tips, which is generally suitable from April to June.
cultivate
Camellia usually needs to be watered with neutral or acidic surface water. When watering, it should be dry and wet. Water it thoroughly when it is dry, but be careful not to be too dry. Generally, water should be stopped at the end of spring shoots before germination to facilitate the transformation to reproductive growth, and water should not be stopped before flowering. But it should be noted that if you grow up in a general living room, you will die easily. Ordinary fertilization can be -30cm pot) 10g/ pot; Compound fertilizer 2g/ pot; You can also use 0. 1% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10-20 days, and the above fertilizers are used alternately. If the new shoots are yellow due to iron deficiency, 0.2% ferrous sulfate can be applied once a week until they recover. Apply 0.2% ferrous sulfate every 15-30 days to prevent yellowing and root rot in the north. Pests and diseases and their control
The main diseases of camellia are ring rot, anthracnose, shoot blight, leaf spot and bituminous coal disease. The main control agents are: bactericide 800 times; Carbendazim 500 times; Chlorothalonil 800 times; Kemeiling should be controlled 800 times regularly, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of gray mold and flower blight before flowering. Jinpan litchi
Camellia pests mainly include red spider, aphid, scale insect, leaf roller moth, bridge builder and so on. The main control chemicals are cypermethrin15ml+isocarbophos 20ml or monocrotophos 25ml-30kg water spray.
breeding method
There are many ways of propagation of camellia, including sexual propagation and asexual propagation, among which cutting and docking are the most common. 1. This method is the simplest, and the most suitable time for cutting is September or spring. Selecte well-grown semi-lignified branches, remove that basal leaves, keeping the upper three leaves, cut into oblique mouth with a sharp knife, immediately soaking the incision with 200-500ppm of indolebutyric acid for 5-65438 05 minutes, drying in the sun, inserting into a sand basin or vermiculite basin, watering for about 40 days after insertion, and healing the wound and rooting for about 60 days. The cuttings treated with hormone took root 2-3 months earlier than those without hormone treatment. Using vermiculite as an insert bed can take root much faster than sand bed.
2. Docking method Choose a suitable variety, such as small tea tree or camellia oleifera, as the rootstock to dock with precious camellia. Docking time is usually between Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. First of all, plant the rootstock in a flowerpot, cut off about half of the parts to be combined with a knife, and the incision should be smooth. Then, the cut surfaces on both sides are closely attached together, wrapped in plastic film, and the rootstock is watered twice a day, and it will heal after 60 days. You can cut it and plant it in the shade to avoid direct sunlight. In February of the following year, cut off the tail of the rhizome with a knife and plant it. 3. Leaf-cutting method Camellia usually adopts branch cutting propagation method, but some rare varieties can also adopt leaf-cutting method because of the limitation of branch source or considering that the tree shape will be affected after the materials are taken. Mountain mud is used as cutting matrix, and 1/3 river sand can be added to facilitate ventilation and drainage. Put the substrate into a clay pot and then can it. In rainy season, annual leaves can be used as cutting materials, which are too old to take root, too tender and easy to rot. Insert the soil about 2 cm deep, compact the soil after insertion, pour enough water, and then put it in a cool and ventilated place. Generally, the roots can grow in 3 months, and the branches can grow in the next spring.
4. High interpolation method
The biggest feature of high-altitude cutting method is that it can regenerate all the weak branches on camellia that should have been cut off. Moreover, this method has high survival rate, rapid rejuvenation and early flowering. The method is as follows: girdle the twigs to be pruned at a proper position (generally, the upper part can keep 15-25cm branches), girdle a plastic film with a proper size, add sterilized peat soil or humus soil into the film, and girdle the lower part of the plastic film for 5-8mm after 7- 10 days.
use value
1. Health scented tea 1. Materials: 4-6 camellias, 3 yuan, lotus root 1, cogongrass rhizome 1.
2. Method: 6 bowls of water are decocted into 2 bowls and taken in three meals. 3. Usage: Effective for nosebleeds, hemoptysis and cough. 2. External application method 1. Ingredients: 4-6 camellia, 4-6 hibiscus and 4-6 gardenia respectively. 2. Method: After all the pieces are crushed, add the tea clear (dregs-removed tea). 3. Usage: Treat burns and mosquito bites.
Key points of cultivation
1. It is best to plant in the north of the Yangtze River in spring and in the south of the Yangtze River in autumn. Ground planting should be selected with good drainage and strong water retention performance. Sandy loam rich in humus. Pot culture is made of humus soil, sandy soil and manure with 65,438+0/3 each, or mixed culture soil with 4 humus soil, 5 peat soil and 65,438+0 coarse sand. The pH value is 5-6.5. The planting place should be where there is no water and no sun exposure. Potted camellias should be placed in a ventilated and light-transmitting place in winter and in a shade shed or other cool places in summer. Camellia should avoid moving its position randomly, otherwise it will be bad for its growth. Chidan
2. Camellia guangwenensis is a long-day plant. Flower buds can only be formed in the environment of day length 12 hours. The optimum growth temperature is 18- 25℃, and the optimum flowering temperature is 10-20℃. Above 35℃, the leaves will be burnt. It is not cold-tolerant. It should be indoors in winter, and the temperature should be kept at 3 ~ 5℃. It can tolerate the low temperature of-10℃ for a short time, but it cannot exceed 16℃ for a long time, otherwise it will promote germination and cause defoliation. The growing season should be placed in a semi-shady environment, and it is not suitable to accept too strong direct sunlight. Especially in summer and autumn, it should be shaded or placed in a cool place under a tree. 3. Water fertilization Camellia requires high fertilizer and water, and neutral and alkaline loam is not conducive to its growth. In the north, it is particularly important to pay attention to acidifying alkaline water before watering flowers. The specific method is to store the rice washing water for 2 days to volatilize the chlorine in the water, and then add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate (about 0.5% of the water). Don't water too much, or the roots will rot easily. Pot soil can't be dry, otherwise the roots will shrink due to water loss, so it is advisable to keep the pot soil and surrounding environment moist. Don't spray water during flowering. It is best to apply thin alum fertilizer and water to avoid applying thick fertilizer. Generally, after germination in spring, dilute fertilizer water is applied 65,438+0 times every 65,438+07 days, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in summer, and fertilizer can be stopped for about 65,438+0 months in early autumn, then alum fertilizer water is applied before flowering, and quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied when flowering, so that the flowers are bright in color and have a long flowering period. 4. Prune the camellia planted on the ground, mainly by cutting dry dead branches, weak branches, cross branches and over-dense branches, which obviously affects the branches of the tree and sparse redundant buds. Besides the above work, potted camellia should be pruned according to personal preference, but it is not suitable for re-pruning because of its weak growth potential. 5. Flowering control Because camellia is not cold-tolerant, delayed flowering is not commonly used. Generally, the flowering period is controlled by variety selection, temperature control and hormone treatment. In order to make camellia blossom in 1 1 month, we can dip 0. 1% gibberellin in the bud with a brush in mid-July or early August, and apply it 1 time every three days to achieve normal fertilizer and water management. It depends on the growth of flower buds in September to decide whether to draw flowers. If it is estimated that "Eleventh" flowering is unsafe, we can increase the number of flower coating, increase the amount of fertilizer and water, promote the rapid growth of flower buds, and make "Eleventh" blossom.
shan cha hua de hua yu
Modesty, ideal love, virtue, loveliness and great charm. White Camellia: Innocent Black Tea Flower: Natural Beauty [2] Camellia is a traditional famous flower in China, one of the world famous flowers, the city flower in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, and the city flower in Yunnan Province, China Province. Because of its beautiful plant shape, bright green leaves and colorful flowers, it is cherished by horticultural circles all over the world. In Jinhua, there is a special camellia park with many camellias. Camellia cultivation in China entered the court and people's courtyard as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, camellia cultivation became more and more popular. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of camellia blooming in Liuhai Temple in Chengdu at that time with the poem "Door fragrance cheers Shili Temple, and the scenery before wax is spring". Camellia was first introduced to Japan in the 7th century, and has been introduced to Europe and America for many times since the 18th century.
Technology and protection 1. Camellia is a semi-negative flower, which needs shade in summer. After beginning of autumn, the temperature dropped, and camellia entered the flower bud differentiation stage, so the whole plant should gradually receive sufficient light. In winter, it should be placed in a sunny place indoors. If the indoor light is too weak, camellia will grow poorly and be prone to pests and diseases. 2. Camellia likes warmth and is afraid of cold. The indoor temperature should not be lower than 5℃. Its hexagon is red in a room with a temperature of 10℃ to 15℃.
If proper measures are taken, he can blossom in the Spring Festival, and the flowering period can last until March. Humidity. In winter, it is generally dry indoors, so we should often spray water on the leaves of camellia to form a humid microclimate. But avoid spraying water in rainy days. 3. Water in winter depends on the indoor temperature. Generally, it is watered once every three days to keep the soil moist and avoid water accumulation or half watering. Tap water should be put in a bucket for a day or two to allow chlorine to evaporate. It is best to put 1% ferrous sulfate in the water to improve the water quality. 4 Fertilization Camellia likes fertilizer. Generally, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the basin when putting or changing the basin. In autumn and winter, due to the rapid development of flower buds, decomposed light liquid fertilizer should be poured once a week and topdressing 1 to 2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is easy to scorch the flower buds, and it can be applied less or not after flowering.