What is morality like? Morality is used for keeping in good health. The so-called health preservation is to maintain life, not to endanger life, but to benefit life. The human body is a life and the country is also a life. The human body needs health care, and so does the country.
What does the country use for health preservation? It is also related to morality. To cultivate people's morality, we must know what morality is, how morality is formed, and grasp the inherent law of moral formation.
If we know nothing, of course we can't cultivate morality. The cultivation and utilization of morality can only be a failure.
Over the years, we have worked hard on the so-called spiritual civilization, but the results are all negative. Why? The key lies in not mastering the law of moral formation.
Next, I will talk about the relationship between morality and the state in many ways. If someone is willing to argue with me, I'm willing to accompany them at any time. 1 The relationship between the state and morality and law 1 1 The state is the product of certain morality and law.
Any country is a product based on a certain social morality. In a profound sense, social development reflects morality. Generally speaking, morality reflects people's understanding of society. Therefore, it should be said that the state is a product of certain morality and law, and both are indispensable.
Under certain historical conditions, a country cannot live without laws and a country cannot live without morality. Morality and law are the means and guarantee to realize the national design concept. Theoretically speaking, when it comes to capitalism, there will be no laws, which shows that at the national stage, a country cannot exist without laws.
But when it comes to * * * capitalism, we can't leave morality, because * * * capitalist society is a moral society, and social and economic movements are completely maintained by morality. 1.2 the relationship between national setting (superstructure) and morality.
Morality is the foundation of society. Without moral foundation and design concept, the country's tall buildings can't be built. By the same token, only the design concept, without a solid moral foundation, the country's high-rise buildings can not be built. To build a strong country, we should not only have a reasonable system planning, but also not despise morality.
1.3 Morality and law play an auxiliary role in safeguarding the economic and political policies of a country and society. Morality and law both serve the development of national society and human society.
In the social life of a country, they all serve economic policies and economic construction, and they are important auxiliary means of economic construction. 1.4 The purpose of human social life.
Political and economic policies, morality, laws and various social measures are not the purpose of human social life, they are all means for the country, society and life to develop to a higher level. What is the purpose of national, social and life development? It is the highest goal of society, country and life to develop to a higher level and finally realize Tao.
1.5 the role of social form, morality and law in different countries. Morality reflects the development degree of social civilization. A certain social state always adapts to certain moral laws. The weaker the morality, the stronger the law. Slavery, for example, has a strong legal compulsion and is extremely harsh, but its moral form and level are quite low; Feudal society followed, followed by capitalism. Morality and law have a long-term relationship.
* * * Capitalist society is completely a moral society. Only in this way can it show its superiority and strong vitality. All countries must have morals and laws, and we cannot ignore them.
When the country dies, there is no need for laws, because people's morality is extremely high and they don't need legal constraints. With the elimination of human society, even morality is unnecessary.
In short, the more backward a country is, the more depraved its morality is, and the more cruel and sound its laws are. 3. the relationship between morality and law 3. 1 morality is yin, law is yang, and the relationship between them is yin and yang.
Morality is the mother of law, and law is the handsome of morality; Morality produces law, and law guides morality; A certain social morality plays a decisive role in the production of a certain social law, and a certain law plays a guiding role in a certain morality. Law is the product of representing the will of the ruling class on the basis of certain social morality. Morality is dominated by law, but it has a strong feedback effect on law.
It can be seen that morality and law are two different things, and in a certain sense, morality is law and law is morality, just like sitting on a mountain, one on the left and one on the right. 3.2 "Similarities" and "differences" between law and morality.
Law is mandatory morality stipulated by writing, and morality is not soft law stipulated by writing. Their common characteristics are "all about the behavior norms of people in society"; Their difference is that morality is not mandatory, but law is mandatory; Law is "mandatory and punitive necessary actions and omissions stipulated in words"; There is no non-mandatory and non-punitive "what to do and what not to do" in morality. Failure to perform a certain moral behavior is just not compulsory and not punished, but it does not mean that failure to perform the behavior should or should not be.
4. The important role of morality in the national movement 4. 1 To govern the country, we must mention morality and the relationship between morality and law. Because law is hardware and morality is software, only by combining them organically can we become an organic whole.
Only law without corresponding morality, the law can't be implemented correctly, because it loses the basis of correct implementation. 4.2 If we emphasize the law and ignore morality, we must expand the law enforcement agencies. Every institution needs certain personnel to uphold the law. As long as the law is guarded by personnel, it needs corresponding financial expenditure, which will increase the financial burden of the country.
The more depraved morality is, the more complicated laws are, and the more institutions there are, which will eventually lead to the overlapping of law enforcement agencies, making * * * bloated, increasing the expenditure of * * * and the burden of the people. If morality is not advocated, the more we advocate governing the country according to law, the larger the state institutions will be.
Morality and law are a trade-off. The worse a person's morality is, the more perfect the law is, and the larger the state institutions are. The nobler the people's morality, the simpler the law and the simpler the state institutions. The more institutions there are, the more inflexible and inefficient the country is.
4.3 The role of morality is to realize various national systems with people's noble thoughts, so as to realize the establishment of the country.
2. An ancient book about moral etiquette.
Confucius said, "The Tao (1) is based on politics, while the Qi (2) is based on punishment, while the people (3) avoid *** (4), the Tao is based on virtue, the Qi is based on courtesy, and the shame is qualified (5)" ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
To annotate ...
(1) Tao: There are two explanations: one is "guidance"; The second is "governance." The former is more suitable.
(2) Uniformity: neatness and restraint.
(3) Exemption: avoidance and evasion.
(4) Shame: the heart of shame.
(5) Case: There are two explanations: one is "ambition"; The second is "positive".
translate
Confucius said: "The people take the prohibition of law as the guide and the criminal law as the system. People just seek to avoid being punished for crimes, but they have lost their sense of shame. "
Heart; Guiding people with moral education and unifying their words and deeds with etiquette will not only make people feel ashamed, but also abide by the rules. "
Comment and analysis
In this chapter, Confucius quoted two completely different principles of governing the country. Confucius believes that punishment can only make people avoid committing crimes, but not make people understand that crimes can be committed.
Shame, and moral education is much better than punishment, which can make people obey the rules and make people feel ashamed. This embodies morality.
There are characteristics different from the legal system in governing the country. However, it should also be pointed out that Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue" should attach importance to morality, but it has been ignored.
The role of criminal management and legal system in governing the country has been paid attention to.
3. What are the famous sentences about morality in ancient China, and then know that pine and cypress are dying.
-The Analects of Confucius? Zi Han, an upright man is open-minded and poised, while a narrow-minded man is anxious. -The Analects of Confucius? Speaking of "Germany is not alone, there must be neighbors."
-The Analects of Confucius? Benevolence is not brave. -The Analects of Confucius? People have no faith in politics and don't know what they can do.
-The Analects of Confucius? A man of virtue helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. -The Analects of Confucius? Yan Yuan: Wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent.
-Mencius? Under Teng Wengong, the brave don't forget to be in the ravine, and the brave don't forget to lose yuan. -Mencius? Under the leadership of Teng Wengong, I feel happy and worried about the world.
-Mencius? Xia liang "people can't * * *. -Mencius? Dedicated and invincible.
-"Zuo zhuan"? Twenty-eight years of Gong: Good advice. -"Zuo zhuan"? After eight years in the public, "personal grievances are not as good as public grievances."
-"Zuo zhuan"? Five years of mourning, good advice. -"Mandarin? Zhou Yu's stone can be broken, but he can't win; Dan can grind, but he can't win red.
-Lu Chunqiu? Ji Dongji: Noble people are not as good as themselves, and ancestors are not as good as themselves. -The Book of Rites? Ji Fang doesn't eat the food delivered.
-The Book of Rites? Bow Down Tan puts the urgency of the country before personal grievances. Han? Sima Qian's Historical Records? Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: Sincerely opens the stone.
Han? Liu Xin's Miscellanies of Xijing (Volume 5) knows that grass borrows the strength of high winds. -Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasties? Ye Fan's Once? The Biography of Wang Ba is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality.
-Three Kingdoms Zhi Shu? Zhuge Liang's book of exhortation is not like saving the cold at all, and stopping slander is not like self-study at all. Kim? Chen shou's reflection? Shu Wei? Who won't die in Wang Changchuan? To die for one's country is the greatest loyalty.
Kim? Chen shou's reflection? Shu Wei? Biography of yangfu: Do your best to die. -Three Kingdoms? Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" Dan can be grinded but not taken away from its color, orchid can be burned but not destroyed, jade can be broken but not turned white, and gold can be sold but not easily strengthened.
-BAIC? Liu Wei, "Liu Zi? Great quality would rather die than drop. -Don? Li Bai medicine "Beiqi Book? The Biography of jing yuan anticipates good and goes to evil.
-BAIC? Yan Zhitui's Yan Family Instructions? If something happens, the source is clean and the shape is straight. -Don? The book on Liu's right is a poor scholar.
-Don? Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou is not afraid of righteous death and does not respect life. -Don? The reputation of Han Yu's Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng is mixed.
-Don? Han Yu's "With Zhong Weishu" detests evil and treats good as if he were hungry. -Don? Han Yu's Zhang Zicheng is turbulent and clear, and he hates evil.
-Don? Jason Wu "Zhenguan politician?" Ren Xian "defeat, everything fell apart. -Don? Liu Zongyuan's letter to Xu Jingzhao and Meng did not infringe on jade.
-Don? Liu Yuxi's tombstone, Duke xi of Sikong, distinguishes martyrs from immortal fighting festivals to match his friendship. -Don? Liu Yuxi's Book of Going to Situ is self-cultivation and the words must be written by rope.
Song? The source of Wang Anshi's "life solution" does not violate the Tao and has a clear conscience. Song? Ouyang Xiu's Talk with Yan Zhi prefers to die without hesitation, rather than being born lucky, but dying without regret.
Song? Ouyang Xiu's "The Theory of Longitudinal Prisoners" is a great festival for scholars and gentlemen. Song? Ouyang Xiu's shame theory: Shameless people will do anything.
Song? Ouyang Xiu Wei Gongqing honor table no longer knows that there is shame in the world! Song? The distinction between good and evil in Ouyang Xiu's Advice on Shangshu is that fire and water are incompatible. Song? Ouyang Xiu's Literature in Sacrifice to Ding Xueshi puts the world's worries before the world's joy.
Song? Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower" collapsed in front of it, and the color remained unchanged. Song? Su Xun's mind is good, but his virtues are insufficient; If people are not good, they will be satisfied.
Song? Yang Wanli's "Yan Yong" mortals are good, but they don't praise themselves; If you are evil, don't destroy yourself, others will destroy it. Song? A hero in Su Shi's Jinshi Tu must have an extraordinary festival.
Song? Su Shi's Lun Hou is muddy but not clumsy. Song? Su Zhe Feng Jing's kindness system does not hurt justice with selfish love.
Song? Su Zhe's "On Hou said that drinking less with irrigation miscellaneous" is muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon. Song? Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" has no thoughts inside and no actions outside.
Song? Zhu's "Introduction to Zhuzi Schools" dare not forget to care about the country and the people. Song? The sound of wind and rain in Lu You's "Illness from a Book" and the sound of reading; Family affairs, state affairs, what's going on in the world, everything.
-Ming? Gu Xiancheng's title Donglin Academy is that money is like dirt, and benevolence is precious. -Ming? Feng Menglong "Warning the world? Longan repents of poverty, which is entrusted by people and loyal to others.
-Ming? Feng Menglong "Warning the world? Wang Jiaoluan's A Hundred Years of Long Hate protects the world and makes a man mean and irresponsible. -Ming? Gu's Record of the Sun has a volume of thirteen inches of mountains and rivers.
-Green? Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world in Huang Zunxian's "To Ren Liang's father in the same year". -Green? Wu's Tenth History of Pain is immortal for good and immortal for evil.
-Green? Cheng "Qionglin Kindergarten? Personnel.
4. Ancient prose on morality can be said to be Tao, which is unusual. The name can be named. It's very famous. The beginning of the nameless world; The famous mother of everything. Therefore, there is often nothing and I want to see its wonders; Often, I want to see it. Both of them, with different names, are called metaphysics. Mysterious and mysterious, the gate of Wan Qi.
Huai Nanzi: "Name and Tao are unclear. If a person is famous, then the Tao is not needed; If the Tao gains people, the name will stop. If Tao argues with others, those who seal people will stop. If people close the road and rest, they are in danger. If they were famous in the past, that day would come. If they want to be famous, they will get better. If you want to be a good person, you will cause trouble. When you have troubles, you can let the public go, let the private go, and do whatever you want. If you want to look at your reputation well, you don't need to fix it, but you don't need it. If you don't fix the cause, you have greater responsibility. When things don't need to be done, there is no job. If the responsibility is too great, there is no way to stop it. If you make a mistake, you will be invited and you will succeed. Success will not be more responsible. Failure is not enough to save us. Therefore, good is more important than evil, but lies in Tao. "
Confucius' famous saying
1, wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent.
2. Old people and old people, young people and young people.
3, born in sorrow, died in happiness.
4. Get more help and less help.
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.
Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches and studies the sentences of the book, is not the person I call telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.
Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. " Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Li is seventeen years old, and he is good at classical Chinese, but there are some works in "All-knowing Six Arts", so he studies from time to time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
5, the day will drop to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, and starve their flesh and blood.
Pre-Qin philosophers also had eight moral theories.
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5. The relationship between the classical Chinese state and the individual is the longest-term interest. Profits concentrate one's profits. Collective interests are a pair of interests, the interests of the country and the world are also a group of interests, and the interests of machines, schools and enterprises are also a group of interests. It is the benefit of the country and the concentration of one room, which means the sum of all people's demands. To govern the country, benefit and benefit, we must adhere to the following three points: first, the state and usury. There is a gap between national interests, national interests and national interests. People should be ordinary, put the country first, and put national interests first. Under the first step, people will abandon the interests of the country and the interests of the country, and even live an expensive life for the country and interests. In China's socialism, the interests of a country and a foreigner must come first. Taking the country at a high interest rate and collecting profits is not to sacrifice people's interests if there is no capital in everything, let alone the bondage of nature and the reduction of profits. We set a high profit at the expense of the world, but we are required to take advantage of the whole country and foreigners at the expense of others. Second, in the face of big countries and collective interests, we should also talk about the legitimate interests of the state and collective encouragement and protection of Serbs. Long-term travel will certainly spread people's nature and talents. When I was in a big country, I paid attention to the rape of others when I was collecting profits. In today's life, ignoring the real existence and human nature is extremely harmful and inconvenient for employing people. Third, fundamentally speaking, the interests of the country, the interests of the country, and the interests of the country are also rational. The interests of the country and the people are also the fundamental interests of the country and the concentration of all rooms. The benefits of each house are divided into those that are inseparable from the state and the benefits. The sum of the country and the interest set is the product of others' rape.
Under the socialist system, profit comes from collecting profits, profit comes from itself, profit comes from profit, or small bureau, and the truth comes from the avenue. I am kind to travelers, but I can't care less about profits, small profits and rights. Under the socialist system, it is actually beneficial to welfare recipients, meager profits and physical interests, rights and interests.
When you are old, you will feel the personal affairs of China, and more people will be involved or the country will benefit, benefit and benefit.
6. In China's ancient famous sentences about morality, what morality is the flower of truth?
-Hugo
Virtue itself is its reward.
-Daraton
The greatest secret in morality is love.
-Shelley
Virtue is a state of war. If we live in it, we must always struggle with ourselves.
-Rousseau
Blushing is the color of virtue.
-Junna, Thailand
Life is short, and only virtue can pass it on to distant descendants.
-Shakespeare
True virtue is like a river, the deeper it is, the quieter it becomes.
Halifax
Whether you come from a noble family or a humble family. But you have to be a man.
-Gold
Morality should be respected even if it is in rags.
Schiller
If you go forward, you should plant flowers all the way, because you will never go the same way again.
Irving
To be perfect, it is no longer impossible to add, but it is impossible to cut now.
anonymous
Good people always make themselves mean.
-Hawthorne