wasp
wasp
Also known as the paper nest wasp.
Hymenoptera (Vespidae) Insects of Vespidae (Vespidae). All over the world. It is daunting. The body length is about 16 mm, and the tentacles, wings and hocks are all orange; The body is black and shiny, with yellow stripes and paired spots. It stings people, but its toxicity is not as good as the common [〔Vespa〕] and [〔Vespula〕]. Beehives are made of paper and made of wood pulp collected by the queen bee. There are 100 larval chambers in a hive, and these larval chambers are connected to solid pendants through short handles.
Hymenoptera, a member of the bee family, belongs to the needle tail 1 superfamily. The body wall of bees is thick, smooth and hairless. When resting, the front wings are folded vertically and the thorns are very strong. The insects of this superfamily are generally called wasps, commonly known as wasps. There are about 6.5438+0.5 million species in the world, and more than 5,000 species are known. China recorded 200 species. This is a carnivorous bee. Adults are mostly black, yellow and brown, or a single color. With different sizes of carving or smoothness. The fluff is usually short. Feet are longer. With developed wings, it flies very fast. When resting, the front wings are folded vertically to cover the back of the body. The mouthparts are developed and the upper jaw is thick. The drone has seven abdominal segments and no thorns. The female bee has six abdominal nodes, and there are spines formed by ovipositors at the end, and poison sacs are attached to them, which secrete highly toxic venom. Pupa shed, yellow and white, and the color deepened with age. The head, chest and abdomen are distinct, and the main organs are clearly visible. Many salamanders overwinter in pupae. The larvae are spindle-shaped, white and footless. The text is divided into 13 paragraphs. Newt larvae feed on other anesthetized insects, which are stored by their parents in closed nests built by their parents The larvae of other wasp-like insects are fed by adult bees in the nest, and after eating, the larvae often secrete a liquid that adult bees like to eat. At the midgut end of the digestive tract of larvae, the peritrophic membrane forms a closed sac, which is not connected with the excretory orifice. Excrements are stored in this bag and are free in the body. After pupation, the capsule becomes hard and black, and falls off with molting. Eggs are usually oval, white and smooth, with/kloc-0 eggs in each nest, and a filiform stalk is fixed at the base until the larvae hatch. Therefore, although the mouth of the hive is downward, the larvae in the nest will not fall off the nest.
Wasp is an insect group with social behavior. Generally speaking, the species of Hemiptera have no nests and live freely. When laying eggs, the female bees build a mud house or choose a suitable bamboo tube to lay eggs in it, and store the larvae or spiders of other insects that have been stung after being caught. One room and one egg are sealed separately, and the larvae hatched from the eggs feed on the stored prey. After pupating into a bee, it bites through the nest and flies out.
Other kinds of wasps live in nests all their lives. There are differences between queen bees, worker bees (or worker bees) (females) and drones. The queen bee is a female bee that has mated and fertilized with a drone after the previous autumn. They store sperm in seminal vesicles and use them in batches this year. Drones will die soon after mating. When the weather gets cold, fertilized females leave their nests, look for shelters such as cracks in walls and haystacks, and gather together for the winter. The next spring, the surviving female bees went out in droves to find suitable places to nest and lay eggs. The fertilized eggs they produce form female bees, and the unfertilized eggs form male bees. Due to the increase of worker bees, the hive gradually expanded. Worker bees are responsible for nesting and feeding larvae. There are three peaks in Central China every year. After autumn, drones in the nest account for about 1/3 of the total, which is the period with the most drones in a year.
In Henan, Shanxi and other provinces in China, it is very effective and economical to use wasps to control cotton pests through artificial wintering, artificial nesting and migration. Catch female bees after autumn and put them in cages. Put the cages in a sheltered place and let them hold each other. Next spring, put these female bees in the field and let them naturally nest around the field. You can also provide food, drinking water and building materials in the big bee shed to let it nest in the shed. If necessary, move the nest to the field, with 3 ~ 5 nests per mu and more than 0/00 bees/kloc, which can basically control the harm of LEPIDOPTERA pests. Because wasps have the habit of homing, releasing bees once is effective for a long time. It has a wide range of feeding habits and can control a variety of agricultural and forestry pests.
Generally speaking, when the temperature is 12 ~ 13℃, wasps will sting people, start nesting at 16 ~ 18℃, and overwinter when the temperature drops to 6 ~ 10℃ in autumn. In spring, the temperature is high at noon, and activities are the most frequent. In summer, it is hot at noon, and activities are often suspended. Go back to the nest at night. Have the habit of liking the light. When the wind exceeds level 3, the activity stops. When the relative temperature is 60 ~ 70%, it is most suitable for activities, and it stops going out in rainy days. Hornets like sweet substances. Within 500 meters, the wasp can clearly identify the direction and return to the nest smoothly. Over 500 meters, they often get lost and forget to return.
The adults, larvae and honeycombs of wasps can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. Whether orally taken or externally applied, it can treat diseases such as poisonous insect bites and toxic furuncle.
Remnants can prey on bees, tussah and so on. In orchard areas, they often bite fruits, which leads to reduced production. Bee venom is very toxic, and the injured person is very painful. In severe cases, it can lead to disability or death. But wasps generally don't attack people and animals actively. The wasp is a natural enemy insect that kills pests, and it should be protected by people except in beekeeping, sericulture areas and orchards.
Emergency treatment:
1. mild sting: wasp venom is acidic, so it should be washed with alkaline water.
2. If it is moderate, you can immediately squeeze the stung part by hand and squeeze out the venom, which can greatly reduce the redness and allergic reaction. Or you can immediately wash the stung part with weak acid liquid such as vinegar, and tie a tourniquet near the wound heart, relaxing once every 15 minutes, and the ligation time should not exceed 2 hours. Go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Prevention of poisoning: wear long pants when working in areas with dense wasps, and pay attention to the protection of face and hands; Don't provoke wasps.
Control of wasps
The wasp is one of the important natural enemies of bees in mountain areas in autumn. Vespa vespa is a HYMENOPTERA insect that kills honey-stealing bees and is the main enemy of mountain bee farms in summer and autumn. There are 1 15 species of wasps commonly found in China, and Jin Huan wasps, also known as big wasps, yellow-edged wasps, black-pier wasps and queen wasps, are the main hazards to apiculture. The common wasp with golden ring is about 40 mm long, and the wasp with yellow edge is 22-30 mm long. Most of them live in social groups, and each group has female bees, worker bees and drones. In early winter, after mating and fertilization, the last generation of female bees hibernate in the shelter. The next spring, the female bees began to feed, nest and lay eggs. Hornets nest in branches, tree holes and eaves. Female bees can live for more than 1 year. Most drones appeared in the last generation of that year and died soon after mating with new females. How to prevent it is a headache for beekeepers. Now introduce several methods, hoping to help beekeepers.
1. Poisoning method: net live wasps with insect traps, then put them in a jar full of powder with anti-sting gloves (pay attention to personal protection, it is not fun to be stung by wasps), cover them and release them for about 1 minute, so that the wasps will not die on the spot or poison other family members on the way back. This method is vicious and ecologically balanced.
2. Combustion method: Tie a piece of cotton wool on a special iron arrow or long bamboo pole, pour gasoline or diesel oil on the cotton wool and light it. Firefighters in anti-bee suits will directly burn the hives in the forest with torches. This method is generally used to treat beehives below 8 meters on wild branches, and the effect is good. However, this method has shortcomings, and how to find the hive is a problem to be discussed.
2. Bagging method: It refers to using 1 m square cloth bag, placing it on the balcony, window or the lower part of the house, and putting the whole cage into the bag. When dismantling, the action should be light, accurate and fast. As long as the "three essentials" are well done, the adults and larvae in the cage can be completely eliminated under normal circumstances. This method generally does not leave "sequelae".
3. Shooting method: After the air gun bullet is treated, cotton is tied to the back of the lead bullet, and then the air gun is poisoned, so that the "poison bomb" is left in the honeycomb, and its medicine slowly spreads, resulting in the death of wasps in the honeycomb. Blasting method is suitable for treating honeycomb with height of 10 meter. But this method can't see the effect in a short time because the dose of poison sprayed on the "bullet" is small, and when the efficacy gradually decreases, the lethality is not too great.
4. Tree cutting method: mainly for the last resort when fire and shooting methods can't be used. The method is to cut down the tree with a hornet's nest, and destroy it by bagging or pouring gasoline after it falls down. This method is generally not used. Because it consumes a lot of physical strength of firefighters and destroys trees, it is not worth popularizing.
5. Water flushing method: after the beehive is pressurized, it is directly broken with a large-caliber water cannon of a fire truck. This method is very simple and saves time and effort. It usually takes only 1 minute or a few seconds to destroy a cage of beehives, but the water flushing method is limited by the terrain and can only be used in places where fire engines can be parked along the highway.
6. Poisoning method: This method is to tie cotton to a self-made small iron arrow, then dip it in highly toxic pesticides such as dichlorvos and Baomianfeng, and then gently insert the "poison arrow" into the beehive with a special combination long rod, so that the "poison arrow" will stay in the beehive forever, and the venom will spread rapidly in the beehive, and all the wasps in the cage can be poisoned in a few minutes, because players are generally not disturbed by this method. This method is extremely polluting and may harm bees. )
7. Prevention method: Spray pesticides on cow dung collected from wasp nests from spring to summer.
8. Beating: Put the dead wasp carcasses on the bee farm, lure them to fly for food, and beat them to destroy them.
9. Trapping and killing method: put 3/4 honey vinegar (diluted vinegar mixed with honey) in a jar and hang it near the bee farm to trap and kill wasps.
Hunted wasps can also be used well, except poisoning:
Medicinal value of wasp
The wasp is sweet and pungent, warm in nature, and is mainly used for rheumatism and arthralgia. Honeycomb can be used as Chinese herbal medicine, which has the effects of relieving pain, expelling worms, reducing swelling and detoxifying. It is mainly used to treat epilepsy, rheumatism, breast abscess, toothache, stubborn tinea and cancer. Hump wine is a good medicine for expelling wind and removing dampness, treating acute and chronic rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis. People in Taiwan Province Province should take it back to the mainland. Bee venom can treat arthritis and has high medicinal value, which is of great significance to the development and production of new pharmaceutical products. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of bee venom in the international market, which are quite expensive. At present, bee venom in China is about 6.3 million yuan per kilogram, and wasp venom is one of the most valuable toxins in the world, and the price per ounce in the international market is as high as 23 million dollars.
Edible value of wasps
In recent years, with the development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, delicacy, nutrition, health care and returning to nature have become new goals pursued by people. Bee pupa dishes with special nutrition and special value are more favored by people. As a kind of bee pupa with strong game, full nutritional value and high medicinal effect, it has become a new fashion for people to consume. At present, wasp products have been widely used in people's lives and become people's preferred consumption varieties. China has a large population and a vast consumer market, especially in Guangzhou, Taiwan Province, Hongkong, Guangxi, Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, the hornet has become a hot commodity in the game products, and only Taiwan Province, Guangzhou and Guangxi are in short supply. People in Taiwan Province Province especially believe in Bodhisattva, and there is a small door behind the Bodhisattva statue. If you put the wasp in the small door and close it tightly, it will make a "buzzing" sound, which means "thriving" So in Taipei, each wasp can be sold to 50 yuan NT, which is about RMB 12.5 yuan. At present, the wasp products imported from Japan and South Korea to China are far from meeting the market demand. In addition, wasp larvae and pupae are rich in nutrients and can develop various nutritious foods.
The wasp has high nutritional value and is rich in protein and fat. Protein content, wasp 865,438+0%, cricket 75%, cicada 72%, earthworm 65%, locust 60%, bee 43%. Bee pupa has the functions of strengthening body constitution, benefiting stomach and relieving pain, regulating qi and resolving phlegm, and expelling beauty beauty. Has special functions of treating diabetes and resisting cancer. Bee pupa is one of the most exquisite dishes in Dulong. It is said that there are many centenarians in Dulong, which is related to the frequent consumption of bee pupae.
Bee pupa is an ideal nutritious food, which contains many vitamins and trace elements. Bee pupa can be used as both food and nutritional health care products. According to the data, bee pupa contains protein 20.3%, fat 7.5%, carbohydrate 19.5%, trace elements 0.5% and water 42.7%. The nutritional value of bee pupa is not lower than that of pollen, especially the content of vitamin A is much higher than that of beef. Protein is second only to dried fish oil, and vitamin D is 10 times higher than dried fish oil. Known as "aerial ginseng", it is a pure natural advanced nutrition. It is also rich in protein, amino acids, germanium, selenium, vitamins and calcium. In addition, bee pupa is rich in dozens of enzymes beneficial to human body.
Professor Sang Baola, a health expert at Xiyuan Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that eating some insects can really play a cosmetic role. Insects are rich in various nutrients necessary for human body, including protein and fat. Facts have proved that eating insects regularly can help people overcome modern urban diseases such as obesity and high blood pressure. In the west, eating insects has also begun to be accepted by people. In some specialty food stores in London, you can even buy canned goods made of crickets, bees and caterpillars. There are also farms in Britain that specialize in raising insects.
Many entomologists believe that insect food is an ideal food for human beings because of its fast reproduction, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol and low fiber. They predict that the prospect of developing insects is very bright and will become a new food trend in 2 1 century. Therefore, raising wasps has high economic benefits and broad development prospects. This is the most promising aquaculture development project.
Market sales forecast:
As a game, bees began to enter restaurants, hotels and public tables. According to the survey, in a city with a population of 200,000, with 400% purchasing power, they can consume 5,000 kilograms of commercial wasps every day (this nest is a conservative figure). How many wasps will be eaten every day in a city with a population of 200,000 in China? These figures are incalculable. In addition, we also have a complete sales system all over the country, such as game food production line, picnic king chain store, specialty animal wholesale market, export and other huge sales networks, which can ensure worry-free sales.