1. The main content "Family Instructions of Yan Family" not only recorded many aspects at that time, such as "the revival of Feng Xuan, the popularity of Buddhism, the spread of Xianbei, and the Sheng Xing of vulgar literature", but also reserved some valuable historical documents for future generations. In the article, through the discussion of the works of writers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it reflects the literary views at that time and his own literary ideas. Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to literature. He criticized Yang Xiong's view that literature is a small skill, and expounded the importance of literature (including knowledge, oral debate, composition and other cultural qualities) from the perspective of personal cultivation. As for the function of literature, Yan Zhitui not only narrowly attributed it to serving political enlightenment and practicality, but also affirmed that literature has the aesthetic function of pleasing people's eyes and ears and cultivating the soul, and at the same time showed a strong literary aesthetic ability in his creative practice. 2. As a model teaching material of the traditional society of Han nationality, Family Instructions of Yan Family directly created the precedent of family instructions in later generations, and it is a valuable legacy in the theoretical treasure house of ancient family education in China. Yan Zhitui didn't have Hector's merit and rank, but he has a long-standing reputation because of one of Yan's family precepts, which shows that his family precepts have far-reaching influence. Yan's Family Instructions, praised by Chen as "the ancestor of family instructions in ancient and modern times", is an important ancient book in China's cultural history. It is not only reflected in the style of the book, but also in the contents of "discussing the rhythm of calligraphy and painting, correcting allusions and appreciating literature and art" and "stating the method of governing the family and distinguishing right from wrong", so scholars of all ages have praised it as a model for educating future generations and family education. Throughout history, Yan's descendants have made amazing performances in moral and academic aspects. Only in the Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu, who annotated Hanshu, Yan Zhenqing, whose calligraphy has been a model for the world for thousands of years, and Yan Gaoqing, who shocked the festival and died, all made people have an unusual deep impression on the Yan family, further proving the effectiveness of the family precepts set by their ancestors. Even in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, members of the Yan family continued to be employed as officials, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

What are the principles of family education put forward by Yan Zhitui?

Yan Zhitui once wrote "Yan Family Instructions", which had an important influence on the development history of feudal family education. His family education principle is:

First, early childhood education.

Second, majesty and kindness.

Third, all love is impartial.

Fourth, it should be world economic affairs.

Fifth, pay attention to weathering and pottery dyeing.

Third, the educational content of Yan Zhitui

In order to cultivate practical talents, Yan Zhitui advocates the educational content of "practical learning". He believes that the trained talents must be "both virtuous and artistic". The so-called "virtue" is to restore the traditional Confucian moral education and strengthen the education of filial piety and benevolence. The so-called "art" refers to the restoration of Confucian classic education and the "book of a hundred schools of thought", as well as all kinds of knowledge and skills needed for social practice.

Of course, the education of "art" is mainly based on the Five Classics. He believes that learning the Five Classics is mainly about learning the truth that exists in the world. "The book of the sage teaches people to be sincere and filial, to be cautious, and to make a name for themselves." However, reading should not be limited to the Five Classics, but should also be widely read and read "the words of a hundred schools of thought". In addition, he also attaches importance to learning "miscellaneous arts". He believes that in the extraordinary period of social unrest, learning "acrobatics" can make people "self-funded" in the case of war and "no shelter" and preserve their personal survival and the political and economic status of the gentry. Yan Zhitui advocated a wide range of "miscellaneous arts", mainly including articles, calligraphy, playing the piano, games, painting, arithmetic, divination, medicine, shooting, throwing pots and so on. These skills have practical significance in life, and also have the value of personal health care and entertainment. But these acrobatics can be both eye-catching and professional. Otherwise, it is not only tiring and clever, but also easy to be enslaved and humiliated by higher rulers. Yan Zhitui's thought reflected the discrimination against skills by the gentry and landlords at that time.

It is worth noting that Yan Zhitui emphasized that the children of scholar-officials should "know the hardships of agriculture" and learn some knowledge about agricultural production. Regarding the relationship between moral education and art education, Yan Zhitui thinks that they are interrelated.

What are the pre-school education ideas mentioned in the four-character family precepts?

The contents of preschool education in Family Instructions by Yan include the thoughts of caring for children and educating children in parallel, treating every child fairly, providing a good environment for children's growth, and attaching importance to children's personality education.

What influence did Yan Zhitui's educational thought have on later generations' families?

First, the main content of Yan Zhitui's family education thought.

The contradiction between love and education is one of the difficult problems faced by modern family education. The main problem of modern family education is too much love, too much protection and too many arrangements for children, which is a misunderstanding of love. Education is a rational behavior, and parents' love is often instinctive and irrational. On the issue of educating children, Yan Zhitui advocated the principle of combining love with education. Parents should combine majesty with kindness, and their beloved son with their godson. He believes that a good learning environment should be created for children. He believes that a healthy and good educational environment and atmosphere should be formed in the family, and parents are teachers and friends. Parents' words and deeds have a great influence on their children. Parents should set an example and play an exemplary role. Spring breeze turns into rain, which exerts a subtle influence on children.

Second, the significance of Yan Zhitui's family education thought to modern family education.

(A) pay attention to the modern significance of the idea of combining love with education

The positive significance of the thought of combining love with education to modern family education

Yan Zhitui's thought of "majesty and kindness" has become the principle of modern family education in China, and it is an important subject worthy of study in modern family education in China. Yan Zhitui advocates the establishment of parents' prestige, which is the principle that "family education needs parents' authority" advocated by modern family education. Modern family education theory puts forward that the authority of parents is an important condition to ensure the effectiveness of family education, and kindness and seriousness are the basic principles of educating children. Pay attention to the degree of strictness and goodness. Children who lack kindness are easy to be cruel, and children who lack seriousness are easy to be indulged. This coincides with Yan Zhitui's thought. Therefore, Yan Zhitui's educational principle of combining strictness with kindness has positive reference significance for modern family education.

Meaning.

2. The lack of combination of love and education in the implementation of modern family education.

(1) There is a serious imbalance between "strictness" and "goodness"

The deficiency of "majesty and kindness" in the implementation of modern family education is mainly manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, doting is more than being strict. Nowadays, the only child is the apple of his parents' eye. Parents often try to create a comfortable nest for their children, so that children can eat and wear well, and their own work is also done by parents. These parents regard doting as love, but they don't know that children who grow up in comfortable and comfortable environments often can't stand setbacks and grievances. On the other hand, strictness is more than doting. Parents should be strict with their children, but also pay attention to strictness and moderation. You can't just beat and scold your children, thinking that as long as you make them afraid, it means that family education is very good. In some family education, parents are strict and relaxed, and one takes care of the other. This will not only offset the influence of education, but also lead to children's confusion and confusion.

(2) Parents expect too much from their children, which leads to strict family education.

We know that it is understandable that parents of the only child now want their children to become talents in the future. However, the expectations of family education should not be too high, and there is often a gap between parents' excessive expectations and their children's actual level. Too high expectations often become a heavy burden for children, and they are too strict with their studies, which makes them lose their childhood. Even some children tamper with their grades and cheat their parents in order to meet their parents' high expectations.

(3) The separation of family education and school education leads to overindulgence of family education.

The school requires students to take care of themselves and learn to do housework, but parents don't want to make their children tired. Most parents put intellectual education in the first place, asking their children to spend all their time studying, thinking that as long as they study hard, they ignore the education of their children's family work. In this way, children's school and family have two sides, and their performance at home and school is inconsistent. After a long time, children will be very obedient and arrogant at home. If it continues to develop, students will have problems with their integrity and lie, and the consequences will be very serious.

3. Suggestions on the combination of love and teaching in the implementation of modern family education.

(1) Parents should grasp the scale of strictness and doting.

Parents must overcome their doting on their children and be strict and moderate with them. Infants and young children are immature in physical and mental development and lack of experience, so they need the care and love of their parents. Most parents regard doting as love. However, children who grow up in a comfortable environment are seriously egocentric, have poor independence and weak ability to resist setbacks, and cannot stand on the society well. Appropriate and feasible requirements should be put forward according to the child's growth stage, psychological and physiological characteristics, not too high or too hasty, step by step. In particular, it is necessary to unify the educational thoughts of parents and elders in order to promote the implementation of good family education.

(2) Parents should adjust their realistic expectations and balance strictness and kindness.

Parents should base themselves on reality, adjust their expectations and stress educational value. Parents should shape their children with the goal of cultivating their physical and mental health and harmonious development. Because after all, few people become outstanding. In this way, when children grow up, they can truly stand in society and create value for society. As parents, they feel that this is also a real success. At the same time, it will not be disappointed because children become ordinary people. Therefore, parents can achieve good educational results only by proceeding from their children's actual ability, acting according to their abilities, step by step, based on reality and adjusting their expectations.

(B) pay attention to the modern significance of environmental impact thinking

1. Attach importance to the positive significance of environmental thought to modern family education.

Yan Zhitui believes that educating children should create a healthy and good family environment and atmosphere, and so should modern family education. Nowadays, a large number of data show that in a family with relaxed atmosphere and harmonious relationship between parents, father and mother often get along well, with gentle temperament, standardized speech and filial piety to their elders. For children who have not been able to live independently and rely entirely on their parents, in such an environment, children are in a good mood. Children's long-term warmth and care are easy to form good qualities such as unity and self-reliance, which has a positive impact on children's mental health. The formation of children's behavior habits mainly comes from imitating the behavior of people around them. Therefore, parents must purify the family environment and establish a good

For example.

2. Pay attention to the lack of environmental thought in the implementation of modern family education.

The disharmony between parents

Harmonious coexistence between parents is the basis of forming a good family education atmosphere, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for promoting good results in family education. We have seen a lot in our life. Many discordant parents only have material and economic satisfaction for their children, but can't give them basic family care. Some parents' emotional disharmony and long-term separation, especially divorced single-parent families, will have a bad influence on their children and cast a shadow over their young hearts. Therefore, a family with disharmony between parents can not only have a good family education, but also is not conducive to the development of children's physical and mental health.

(2) the inequality of parent-child relationship

Influenced by the ancient hierarchical system for a long time, the Chinese nation believes that fathers must be superior to sons, and sons must listen to their fathers. If a son criticizes his parents, it is a big violation. Parents always think that they are their children's teachers, always incorporate their children's thinking into their own thinking patterns, and can't accept the fact that their children are smarter than themselves. As a result, their enthusiasm and creativity are stifled, and the "generation gap" between children and parents deepens.

In my opinion, the purpose of modern family education is to promote children's personality development, cultivate independent consciousness, innovative consciousness and innovative spirit, and let children master the ability of independent life. It is of far-reaching practical significance to strengthen the excavation, collation and research of China's rich family education thoughts in ancient times and master the principles that should be paid attention to in the process of drawing lessons from ancient education thoughts.

The relationship between Yan Zhitui's educational thought and social and historical reality.

Yan Zhitui's educational thought is a reflection of the social reality at that time. Although his educational thoughts are all centered on how to strengthen the education of the children of scholar-officials, there are also pedantic views such as advocating stick education. However, many of his ideas are the crystallization of his own experience in studying and managing the family, and the decay of scholar-bureaucrat education he exposed is also the product of what she has heard and seen. Therefore, her educational thoughts are still of considerable value before we learn and absorb them.

What are Yan Zhitui's main views on family education?

Yan Zhitui s Thoughts on Family Education;

1. Early education, advocating prenatal education ("early childhood education")

2. Combine leniency with severity (the "majesty and kindness" of combining leniency with severity cannot be spoiled)

3. All love is impartial ("All love is impartial")

4. Weathered pottery dyeing (pay attention to the influence of environment and teachers and friends, "edify and dye")

5. Standardize language education

6. Parents lead by example (words speak louder than words)

7. Learn with an open mind and study hard.

8. Pay attention to practicality (Economic Affairs for the World)

How to summarize Yan's family instructions

Yan Zhitui's Family Instructions for Yan Family is divided into 7 volumes and 20 articles, among which 6 articles, documentary evidence, phonology and miscellaneous arts tell about the composition, textual research, phonology and other contents, and the rest 14 are stories about the author's standing for future generations, or quoting ancient sayings or collecting proverbs.

Yan's family can last for hundreds of years, largely because of strict family education and profound family studies, so that many Yan's descendants can be independent. Yan Zhitui taught his children and grandchildren to strengthen their personal cultivation in books such as Mianxue and Save trouble. Children are required to properly handle family ethical relations in the terms of godson, brother, late marriage and family management. Titles such as Feng Cao, Mu Xian, Shi Ming, and Implication Event give children various warnings in social communication.

Yan Family Instructions is rich in content and profound in truth, one of which is to attach importance to the education of children. Children are the future of a family, the hope and sustenance of parents, and parents can never ignore them. On the issue of godson and godson, Yan Zhitui advocated the combination of godson and godson, and opposed doting. He said that parents just love their children without paying attention to education, and always meet their children's requirements in life, completely relaxing without restrictions; Children should be admonished for doing wrong things, but should be rewarded; If you say something wrong, you should blame it, and if you blame it, it will go away; It is not good to educate children like this for a long time. When children grow up, they will eventually become morally corrupt people. To this end, he proposed that love should be taught, strict and kind.

On the issue of having more children, Yan Zhitui advocates equal treatment and no favoritism. He believes that some parents prefer sons to daughters, often out of extreme selfish or stupid prejudice, which has actually deviated from the parents' way. If parents do not solve the problem of "loving children and valuing everyone" ideologically, but only treat their children equally as far as possible in educational methods, it is still easy for children to feel their parents' preference and be hurt mentally. This is extremely unfavorable to their growth.

Studying hard to become a useful talent is also an important proposition of Yan Zhitui in family education. He asked his children and grandchildren to concentrate on their studies and be diligent, diligent and persistent. He said that since ancient times, even a wise monarch still needs to study hard, let alone ordinary people. Yan Zhitui thought that the purpose of learning was to benefit himself, so he clearly pointed out: When we study, we should temper our mind and cultivate a keen eye, so that we won't make mistakes in dealing with people. Some people become conceited after reading dozens of books, bully their elders and look down on their peers; People hate him as an enemy and an owl. It is better not to study than to hurt yourself by studying like this.

Yan Zhitui also saw that the environment has a great influence on children's growth, especially in adolescence. Children are in a period of long knowledge and long body, and are easily infected by society. He asked to be cautious with the people around him, and "be careful to make friends". Yan Zhitui's caution in making friends is not to restrict making friends, but to encourage making friends, oppose reading behind closed doors and ask for mutual learning. However, we must always pay attention to those who come into contact with children to prevent them from going astray.

In Yan Zhitui's view, learning a skill is the premise and foundation of self-reliance. He quoted a proverb: "It's better to accumulate wealth than to learn skills." Yan Zhitui advocates self-reliance. He said that fathers and brothers can't rely on them for a long time, and the property at home can't be maintained forever. Once something unexpected happens, they have to leave their homes, and no one will take refuge. Therefore, the most effective way is to stand on your own two feet in the world. Among the skills, nothing is easier to learn and most useful than reading. Through reading, we can understand the civilization and history of China and expand the scope of knowledge. We can not only know people's success and failure, happiness and sadness, but also reach the point where ghosts and gods can't escape.

Paying attention to advocating morality and being content with the status quo is also one of Yan Zhitui's main viewpoints. Yan Zhitui criticized the extravagance and waste of aristocratic life in Family Instructions, and advocated frugality in view of the extravagance and waste of aristocratic life. Yan Zhitui also criticized the envy of the gentry, reprimanding these people for overreaching themselves because their eyes could not see their eyelashes. In view of the envy of the elite, Yan Zhitui made a special discussion on talents in Mu Xian: First, he called for attaching importance to talents; Second, it is pointed out that we should be good at discovering and using talents; Third, emphasize the need to care for talents.

There is an article devoted to health preservation in Yan Family Instructions, which introduces various health preservation methods. Yan Zhitui believes that we should not be arrogant or greedy, otherwise there will be no life to support. The author also put forward the viewpoint that "you can't hesitate to live, but you can't pity to die", which is the inheritance and development of Mencius' thought of "giving up your life for righteousness" and has always been valued and advocated by gentlemen. Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to the maintenance of life, and takes disaster avoidance as the first priority of health preservation. Although he attaches importance to the existence value of individual life, he does not blindly cherish life. He has two completely different attitudes towards the value of life: one is the worthless loss of life, which Yan Zhitui thinks is a great regret; The other is the loss of precious lives, which Yan Zhitui thinks is not a pity.

Yan Zhitui's Family Instructions for Yan Family is an important work in ancient China, which "narrates the method of managing the family and distinguishes the absurdity of the customs of the times", and scholars of all dynasties have highly praised it. Wang Sanpin praised "ancient and modern family precepts as ancestors". Yuan Zhong believes that Yan Family Instructions is the most correct and farthest in ancient and modern family laws. Wang Yue's evaluation is higher, and he thinks that "the chess piece heals the stone, and the word turtle is taught. All children can buy a book at home as a clear training, not just for the sake of beauty. " Yan Family Instructions is a bright pearl in the history of China's cultural development.

A Brief Introduction of Yan Zhitui and the Original Family Instructions

Yan Zhitui (-590), the author of Family Instructions of Yan, the 35th grandson of Yanzi, the word Zijie and the third son of Xie Yan. My ancestral home is Linyi. He was a famous educator and writer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His Family Instructions of Yan is the first educational masterpiece in the history of Chinese education.

Yan Zhitui was appointed as the right assistant and plain satrap of Xiangdong. He lived in an era of separation and integration in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, constant wars, depressed people's livelihood, social unrest and people's exile. When he was nine years old, his father Xie Yan died. Since then, his family has declined and his people have been left out in the cold. He was brought up by two older brothers. In AD 19 (549), Yan Zhitui was appointed as the right assistant minister of Xiangdong, and Cao Seymour joined the army and started his career.

Yan Zhitui was 2 1 year-old (55 1 year-old) and was in charge of Xiakou (now Wuhan, Hubei) of Yunzhou Institute. Hou Jing rebels occupied Yunzhou, and Yan Zhitui was captured. For example, he was killed, rescued by others and sent to Jiankang (now Nanjing). In the second year, Liang Jun recovered Jiankang, and the scenery was defeated. Yan Zhitui returned to Jiangling, where he served as a rider of Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan, played personnel and was ordered to proofread books. Read all the books in the secret cabinet in two years.

In 544, Emperor Liang Yuan was consecrated for three years. Jiangling was captured by the Western Wei Dynasty, and Yan Zhitui's family was exiled. Because Li Mu, the general of the Western Wei Dynasty, valued him, he was recommended to be in charge of his younger brother, Yang Liyuan, and was sent to Hongnong County (now north of Lingbao City, Henan Province) the following year. Yan Zhitui did not forget Hongnong's old country, and he returned to the south. When he learned that Beiqi sent envoys back to China, all Liang Chen who stayed at home were sent off as courtesy, and he was determined to flee to Beiqi.

In the seventh year (556) of natural forest protection in Wen Xuandi, Northern Qi Dynasty, he took advantage of the skyrocketing Yellow River and ventured to flee to Northern Qi by boat from Hongnong Night, where he was forced to be an official. Yan Zhitui lived a relatively stable life in Beiqi for 20 years. He has worked as a military officer in Zhaozhou, a regular waiter riding a straight road, a calligrapher and an assistant in Huangmen. He presided over the work of the Lin Wen Pavilion and wrote "Xiuwen Temple Royal Scenery". Although he was promoted repeatedly in his official career, he died in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After the Sui Dynasty, Yan Zhitui worked for the Sui Dynasty again. Later, Yong Yang, Prince of Sui Dynasty, called him a bachelor, and he was highly respected. Yan Jiaxun was written in this period.

In the 10th year (590), Yan Zhitui died in the 10th year of Jingzhao (Jin 'an). At the age of 59. There are three sons: Lu Si, Chu and Qin.

Yan Zhitui wrote twenty Yan's family instructions, which were rich in content and full of medicine stones and eloquent lessons. In addition to teaching future generations the methods of protecting family and body, the way of treating people and things, and the strategy of governing the country, it also involves Confucianism, Buddhism, history, literature, metaphysics, Taoism, philology, phonology, divination, arithmetic calendar, chess and calligraphy. It is of great value to study the educational history, language and literature of the Southern and Northern Dynasties today.

Yan Family Instructions has the following obvious characteristics:

1. has a wide range of contents; 2. Strong academic; Third, there are many cases and strong credibility; Fourth, the comparison between North and South customs requires children to be studious, virtuous, filial and indifferent. It is a systematic Analects of Yan's Family Style.

The main content of Yan Zhitui's Family Instructions for Yan Family is "filial piety", and the code of conduct stipulated for future generations is the golden mean. Yan Zhitui believes that the family is the epitome of society, and the relationship between father and son is the epitome of the relationship between monarch and minister. If a son is not filial to his father, he is in danger of betraying the king. If people want to reach the ethical realm of monarch, monarch, minister, father, son and son, they must start with family education.

Yan Zhitui believes that only by filial piety can future generations be loyal to the monarch. If the country is in trouble, they will resolutely die.

According to China's traditional principles, filial piety is the most basic starting point of life and an important part of family and social ethics in China. Family Instructions of Yan highlighted the content of filial piety, so in the history of China, many families chose Family Instructions of Yan as a necessary teaching material for family education, so Family Instructions of Yan made a certain contribution to the promotion and development of family culture in China.

What is Yan Zhitui's view of teachers?

Yan Zhitui s view on teachers;

Yan Zhitui was a famous writer, family educator and thinker in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties and early Sui Dynasty. Influenced by Confucianism in his early years, he laid the foundation of his whole academic thought and made him a representative of Confucianism in essence.

1. Family Instructions of Yan Family: Standing on the position of aristocratic landlords, he wrote the first systematic and complete family instruction of China feudal society in order to admonish future generations. Yan Jiaxun is the first family instruction with rich content and grand system in the history of Han nationality, and it is also an academic work. Yan's Family Instructions had an important influence on the development history of feudal family education. Later generations called this book Family Instructions Norms. Yan Jiaxun not only plays an important role in the history of education in China, but also attracts people's attention in the history of education in the world. It is more than 1000 years earlier than the first western family education book "Mother Teaching Hall".

2. On scholar-bureaucrat education

Yan Zhitui was deeply worried about the decline of aristocratic landlord education in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. How to improve the already weak scholar-bureaucrat education is the whole connotation of his whole educational thought.

(1) Scholar-officials must attach importance to education.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, although the scholar-officials monopolized education, they despised it. Their children are mediocre and ignorant, seeking only pleasure. They found a part-time job by the shadow under the door, so they completely forgot to study. It can be seen that their cultural level and mental outlook are very bad. Therefore, Yan Zhitui asked the whole gentry class to attach importance to education.

First of all, he inherited the tradition of discussing the role of education from the perspective of human nature, and thought that human nature can be divided into three categories, and the level of sex is directly related to education. He said: "Wisdom does not teach, ignorance is useless, and the golden mean does not teach and does not know";

Secondly, starting from the relationship between receiving education and personal future, he emphasized the necessity for scholar-officials to receive specialized knowledge education. Whether a person has knowledge or not determines his social status. To maintain the original social status, the children of scholar-officials can only achieve it by attaching importance to education, acquiring specialized knowledge through study and relying on these existing knowledge;