The Three Kingdoms of China, collectively known as the Seven Wei Celebrities, became famous later than the "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an". Including Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian. At that time, there were often seven people gathered under the bamboo forest in Shanyang County (now Xiuwu area of Henan Province), so they were called the seven sages of the bamboo forest. The seven men's political thoughts and attitudes towards life are different from those of the seven men in Jian 'an. Most of them "abandon the classics and respect Laozi and Zhuangzi, and respect the openness." In politics, Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Liu Ling did not cooperate with Sima Group, and Ji Kang was killed. Dan Tao and Wang Rong successively took refuge in the Sima family and served as senior officials, becoming confidants of the Sima regime. Ruan Ji and Ji Kang are representatives in article creation. Ruan Ji's 82 Poems of "Yong Huai" mostly use the methods of comparison, sustenance, symbol, etc., which implicitly reveals the evil of the supreme ruling group, satirizes the hypocritical ethical code people, and shows the poet's depressed mood under political terror. Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan" takes Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's advocating nature as the argument, which shows that he is an official, and publicly shows his political attitude of not cooperating with Sima Jia. The article is quite famous. Other works, such as Ruan Ji's Biography of Mr. Adult, Liu Ling's Ode to Wine Virtue, and Xiang Xiu's Homesickness Poem, are also readable. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi recorded five volumes of Dan Tao, which has been lost.

Seven people were representatives of metaphysics at that time, although their ideological tendencies were slightly different. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ruan Xian have always advocated the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi, saying that "the more famous people are, the more natural they are", while Dan Tao and Wang Rong are good at Laozi and Zhuangzi and are mixed with Confucianism, while Xiang embroidery advocates the integration of Confucianism and nature. They live an informal life, quietism, and gather in the bamboo forest to drink and sing. The work exposes and satirizes the hypocrisy of Sima court.

There are obvious differences in political attitudes. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Liu Ling. They are officials of Wei, but they don't cooperate with Sima Group, which is in power and has become a substitute. After Ji Kang was killed, Xiang Xiu was forced to become an official. Ruan Xian worked as an assistant minister in the Jin Dynasty, but he was not valued by Sima Yan. At first, Dan Tao was invisible, but after the age of 40, he became an official and took refuge in Sima Shi. He served as minister, assistant, Si Tuleideng and other official positions. And became a senior official of Sima Shi's regime. Wang Rong is stingy, rich and famous. After entering Jin, he served as assistant minister, official department minister and Si Tuleideng for a long time. After Jin Wudi and Jin Huidi dynasties, he still enjoyed himself and did not lose his position.

The uncooperative attitude of the seven sages in the bamboo forest was not tolerated by Sima's court, and finally collapsed: Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima's court, and Ji Kang was killed. Wang Rong and Dan Tao took refuge in Sima Chaoting, and the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest finally scattered things.

Ji Kang (224-263)

During the Three Kingdoms period, he was born in Luo County (now southwest of Suzhou, Anhui Province). Although his family is Confucian, they don't learn from teachers, but only say that they are good at Laozi and Zhuangzi. Married into the Wei imperial clan, the official is scattered in the doctor, so it is also called scattered in the middle. Advocating the way of natural health preservation, he wrote the theory of health preservation and advocated "letting nature take its course". He made close friends with Wang Rong, Liu Ling, Xiang embroidery, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian and Ruan Ji, and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Later, because of different interests, he went to be an official and took him as his own generation, and then wrote a book and broke up with Tao; Because of the estrangement from Zhong Hui, he was killed in Si Mazhao at the age of forty and became a general. Ji Kangshan is famous for playing Guangling San. There is San Ji in Jizhong, with Ji Kang in Jizhong compiled by Lu Xun as the essence.

Ruan Ji (2 10-263)

Poets in the last years of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Black Sect, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Wei people, once a captain of the infantry, were called "Ruan Infantry" in history. Worship the learning of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, but take a cautious attitude to avoid disasters politically. With Ji Kang, Liu Ling and other seven people as friends, they often gather under bamboo forests and enjoy themselves, and are known as the seven sages of bamboo forests in the world. Ruan Ji is the representative of the "beginning sound", among which 82 poems about the bosom are the most famous. Ruan Ji expresses his feelings through different writing techniques such as metaphor, symbol and sustenance, and satirizes the present with the past, forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity". Besides poetry, Ruan Ji is also good at prose and ci-fu. Of the nine essays, the longest and most representative is Biography of Mr. Adult. In addition, there are six poems, such as Qing Si Fu and shouyangshan Fu. There are Ode to the Pigeon and Ode to the Monkey. Thirteen volumes of Ruan Ji Ji Ji Ji were recorded in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, but I'm afraid it has been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled Ruan Infantry Collection, collecting books of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130. The closest thing to the Yellow Festival is Notes on Ruan Infantry's Love Poems. According to historical records, Wei Wendi Si Mazhao wanted to propose to his son Ruan Ji's daughter. Ruan Ji was drunk for 60 days, so that Si Mazhao didn't have a chance to speak. These things were quite representative at that time and had a great influence on later generations.

Dan Tao (205-283)

Juyuanzi is one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". People from Huaixian County (now Wuzhi West, Henan Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty. I was lonely in my early years and my family was poor. Good theory of Lao zi and Zhuang zi, making friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. Dan Tao is leaving his job and wants to ask Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kang wrote to break up with him. At the age of forty, it was a princess book. Dan Tao turned a blind eye to Sima Yi and Cao Shuang's struggle for power and profit, and stayed out of the world. After Sima Shi came to power, he wanted to be attached to him and was promoted to a scholar. In addition to his doctor, he moved to the official department of Shangshu. Si Mazhao took Zhong Hui as an insurrection in Shu, and the Western Expedition and Ren Tao as marching chariots and horses. Zhao Jin was made public, and Tao advocated that he should be a prince. It is said that Wei proclaimed himself the emperor, made himself a great hero, added Che as a captain, and became the new boss. Out of Jizhou secretariat, the town of Bayinqu, collecting more than 30 talents. As a servant, he was moved to the official department of Shangshu, the prince of Shaofu, and the left servant. Every time an official chooses, he first follows the will of Emperor Wu of Jin and makes comments in person, which is called "Mountain Announcement". Because of my old habit, I have resigned many times and I am not allowed. After worshipping Si Tuleideng, he resumed his resignation and returned to China. There are ten volumes, which have been lost, and there are series books today.

Xiang embroidery (about 227-272)

During the word period, Hanoi Huai (now southwest of Henan Province). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. From officials to assistant ministers of Huangmen, they are all regular attendants of scattered riding. He wrote notes such as Zhuangzi, Inventing Curiosity, Arousing the Xuanfeng, Autumn Water and Happiness, but he died before he finished writing them. After Guo Xiang's Narration and Generalization, it is not a book. Lost in his early years, the existing Zhuangzi Zhu can be regarded as Xiang and Guo's * * * works. He advocated the unity of "Zoroastrianism" and "Nature" and the unity of Confucianism and Taoism. Everything is free and easy, but "up and down" is also out of "nature", and we can't seek "freedom" to violate "bright focus". Good at poetry and songs. His mourning for Ji Kang and Lu An's "Thinking of the Old" is very sad and famous.

Liu Ling

Bolun was born in Guo Pei (now Su County, Anhui Province). One of the seven sages of bamboo forest, he is good at drinking and tasting wine. At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, "I take heaven and earth as my residence and my room as my clothes. Why did you get into my pants? " "His bohemian behavior shows the denial of Ming etiquette. There is only one article, ode to wine virtue.

Ruanxian

Liu Chen was born in the Western Jin and Wei Dynasties (now Henan). One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's nephew and Ruan Ji are also called "big and small Ruan". Li Guan rode an assistant minister to level the satrap. Open-minded and informal. He was good at playing the straight-necked pipa, and later changed his name to Ruan Xian for short.

Wang Rong (234-305)

Word worship, Langxie Linyi (now Shandong) people. Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Young and enlightened, bright and beautiful. Good at talking and traveling with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. For a bamboo forest, and after tasting it, I said, "It's disappointing that vulgar things are back." He is the most vulgar of the seven sages. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.

Nine Old People in Xiangshan refers to nine people in Tang Dynasty, including Bai Juyi, Hu Kun, Ji Yun, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Shen Lu, Zhang Hun, Di Jimo and Lu Zhen, who gathered in Longmen Temple in Luoyang, collectively known as "Nine Old People in Xiangshan".

. Nine Old Men in Xiangshan tells the story of nine literati, including Bai Juyi, having a banquet in Xiangshan, Luoyang, Henan Province in the fifth year of Tang Huichang. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, due to the corruption of the imperial court, Gao Hu, Ji Mei, Serina Liu, Zheng Zhi, Lu Zhen, Zhang Hun, Bai Juyi, Li and Zen monks were all nine old men. They were dissatisfied with the imperial court at that time and didn't like secularism. Because of similar interests, he became a nine-old man, hence the name "Xiangshan Nine-old Man".