Tulip is the national flower of the Netherlands and a bulbous herb of Tulip in Liliaceae. Tulips and windmills are also called symbols of Holland. It is the main export ornamental crop in the Netherlands and one of the lifelines of the Dutch economy. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is also known as "Tulip City". Tulip is a perennial bulbous herb of Liliaceae Tulip. Its plant shape is tall and straight, its flowers are large and gorgeous, and its ornamental value is very high. Tulip is the national flower of Holland. 1634 ~ 1637 was called "tulip mania" in Dutch history. During this period, people in the Netherlands thought that only those who had tulips at home were really rich, so many rich people exchanged tulips for expensive things such as houses, and it became a hot item.
The flower language of tulip is a confession of love, representing passionate love.
Morphological characteristics of tulip
Tulip is a perennial herb of Liliaceae, which originated in the Middle East and was introduced to Europe in16th century. Its bulb is oblate cone or oblate ellipse, about 2 cm long, with brown leather cord and light yellow fiber membrane. The stems and leaves are smooth and powdery. 3 ~ 5 leaves, oblong-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, long 10 ~ 2 1 cm, wide1~ 6.5cm; There are 2 ~ 3 basal ones, which are wide, and 1 ~ 2 stem ones. The stem is 6 ~ 10 cm high, and the top of the flower is solitary, large and erect, forest-like, and the base is often dark purple. Scape length is 35 ~ 55 cm; Flowers solitary, erect, 5 ~ 7.5 cm long; 6 petals, obovate, bright yellow or purplish red, with yellow stripes and spots: 6 stamens, free, anthers 0.7 ~ 1.3 cm long, inserted at the base, filaments wide at the base; The pistil is 1.7 ~ 2.5 cm long, and the style is 3-lobed to the base and rolled back. Its flower patterns are also very diverse, such as cup, bowl, egg, ball, bell, funnel, lily and so on, with single petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, magenta, purple, brown, yellow, orange, etc., with different shades, monochrome or compound colors. The flowering period is usually from March to May, with early, middle and late stages. Capsule 3-loculed, loculicidal, many seeds, flat. It looks gorgeous and charming, so it is often given as a gift.
Distribution of tulip origin
Tulips grow in every corner of the world, but they are the most popular in the hall. Its origin lies in the northern and southern coasts of the Mediterranean, Central Asia, Iranian, Turkish and northeastern China. However, it is difficult to verify its exact source. At present, many people believe that it originated in Ceylon and the southwest of the Mediterranean. Its gorgeous and beautiful flowers have won the love of people all over the world.
Ecological habits of tulips
Tulips are native to the Mediterranean region and influenced by the Mediterranean climate. They are characterized by wet and cold in winter and dry and hot in summer. It is characterized by dormancy in summer, rooting in autumn and winter, and sprouting new buds but not coming out. After the low temperature in winter, it began to spread and grow in early February of the following year (the temperature was above 5℃), forming stems and leaves, and flowering in March-April. The suitable temperature for growth and flowering is 15 ~ 20℃. The flower bud differentiation is carried out during the storage period when the stems and leaves turn into Yellowstone, bulbs rise from the pot and are placed outdoors in cold weather. It is cold-tolerant, but afraid of extreme heat, so the temperature during differentiation should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃, and the highest temperature should exceed 28℃. If the temperature is too high, it will stop growing.
Tulips like sunshine and are suitable for warm and humid winter and dry and cool summer. Take shelter from the wind. Tulip can grow normally above 8℃, with strong cold tolerance, and can generally tolerate-14℃. If there is thick snow in cold areas, bulbs can overwinter in the open air, but they are afraid of heat. If summer comes early and it is very hot, it will be difficult for bulbs to spend the summer after dormancy. For soil requirements, I like the slightly acidic sandy loam with rich humus, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, and avoid alkaline soil and continuous cropping.
Harmful toxicity of tulip
Although flowers are beautiful, their toxicity cannot be ignored. Its flowers are poisonous and alkaline. If you stay with it for an hour or two, you will feel dizzy, and in severe cases, it will lead to poisoning. Too much contact can easily make people lose their hair. Therefore, it is right to love flowers, but you should also cherish your body.
Classification of tulip varieties
After long-term cross-planting, there are more than 8,000 varieties of tulips, of which about 150 varieties are mass-produced. It is colorful and varied, and red, yellow and purple are the most popular. But tulips with black flowers are considered rare. /kloc-in the 9th century, the legendary novel black tulip written by French writer Dumas praised this flower as "breathtaking". There are no pure black flowers. Black tulip's black flowers are not really black, but like black roses, they are all dark purple from red to purple. The flowers of "Dai Yan Widow", "Beautiful Lady" and "Black Queen" produced in Holland are not pure black. These so-called black flowers are cultivated by artificial hybridization, and the flowers are not pure black.
Flowering regulation of tulip
As we know, tulips are cold-resistant and heat-resistant. In hot season, tulip will go into dormancy by itself. It likes warm and cool climate and sunny environment, and grows well in neutral or slightly acidic soil. A mature tulip bulb contains three generations of bulbs, or three generations of bulbs. The first generation bulbs are large bulbs, which can be directly differentiated into complete flower organs and can bloom in the same year after planting, while the second and third generation bulbs are sub-bulbs, which are used to cultivate large bulbs.
Tulips like cold and are afraid of heat, so they must be preserved at low temperature when cultivated, so that bulbs will bloom. In its country of origin, there is generally enough low temperature time in winter, and tulip bulbs can get enough low temperature treatment time to bloom naturally in spring. Generally speaking, tulip bulbs used in production are treated at 5℃ and 9℃, and the main planting methods after treatment are greenhouse cultivation and box cultivation. Tulips cultivated in southern areas such as South China are planted within three months from 65438+February to February of the following year due to temperature restrictions. In South China from June to February, 5438, the temperature may still be very high, so when planting tulips, they must be planted in a incubator and kept in a cold storage at about 5℃ for 2 to 3 weeks. When tulip bulbs grow roots and buds about 1 cm to 2 cm long, they can be taken out of the cold storage and planted in the shed.
Because of the high temperature in South China, it also has a great influence on tulips. If there is "warm winter" weather in South China, a large number of tulips will bloom ahead of schedule, and the quality of flowers will be greatly affected. In order to ensure that tulips can bloom on time, the temperature should be kept at 17℃ ~ 20℃ during the day and 10℃ ~ 12℃ at night. When the temperature is high, it can be cooled by shading and ventilation, and when the temperature is too low, it can be promoted by heating and brightening. Using water control to inhibit growth, there will be a phenomenon of "dry flowers". If the temperature continues to be high, it should be boxed and moved into the cold storage. The temperature of the cold storage should be around 8℃ ~ 10℃, and it is best to move in when the flower stems are long, otherwise it will easily lead to bud dysplasia. The flowering control of tulip can also be regulated by plant growth hormone. For example, soaking tulip bulbs with gibberellin can make them bloom in greenhouse and increase the diameter of flowers. In a word, we should pay attention to climate and temperature when planting tulips, and a little discomfort may cause a series of problems.
Application value of tulip
Tulips are beautiful and colorful, so they have high ornamental value and high medicinal value. Tulips, like lotus flowers, are colorful, rich and gorgeous, and are important spring bulbs. Short and strong varieties should be decorated with spring flower beds, which are bright and dazzling. High-stem varieties are suitable for cutting flowers or arranging flower borders, and can also be clustered on the edge of lawns. Short and medium varieties are suitable for potted plants, decorating courtyards, indoors, cut flowers, potted plants, etc. , to add a happy atmosphere. As for its medicinal value, let's learn about it together.
Classic records of traditional Chinese medicine: turmeric, bitter in taste, cold in gas, pure in yin and non-toxic; Into the heart, lungs and liver. Blood clan needs drugs and can relieve depression, so it is necessary to treat depression. However, we should not take it lightly. Because of its cold nature and taste, it is harmful to the qi in the stomach, which can't be opened, and the stomach qi is weak first, so it can't be preserved. As for breaking blood, forbidding blood and stopping bleeding, it is also an expedient measure. If you are sick, you can't rely on it for daily use.
The bulbs, roots and flowers of tulips can be used as medicine. Tulip flower contains cyanidin, salicylic acid, arginine, pistil, stem and leaf contain tuliposide A, tuliposide B and a small amount of tuliposide C. Tulip A and B can be partially converted into inactive 6 ~ tuliposide A and 6 ~ tuliposide B after being placed. The bud contains gibberellin A 1. Tulips A, B and C have inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis. Tulip juice still has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus after passing through cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin. The alcohol extracts of stems and leaves have antibacterial effect on Bacillus cereus, and their active components contain many amino acids. Its roots and flowers can be used as sedatives. In short, tulips have high medicinal value.
Beautiful tulips
warn
There is a toxic alkali in tulip, which will cause vomiting and diarrhea if eaten by mistake; Contact with its leaves may also cause allergic symptoms in some people's skin. Although tulip has high medicinal value, it must be used strictly according to the doctor's advice because of its toxicity.
The legend of tulips
Tulip is the national flower of Holland. It is said that during the period of 1634 ~ 1637, a "tulip fever" broke out in the Netherlands, which spread throughout Europe. At that time, many people thought that "the rich without tulips are not really rich". So some people would rather exchange a restaurant or a house for a few rare seeds. 1637, the Dutch tulip market collapsed, and finally the government intervened to prevent further speculation. During the period of crazy speculation, the number of tulips in the financial market exceeded the actual number planted, but these numerous "wild dances" enriched the Netherlands. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, only 130 acres of tulips were planted in the Netherlands. By the middle of the 20th century, it had grown to more than 20,000 acres, accounting for more than 80% of the world's total tulip exports. It is sold in 125 countries and is known as the "queen of the world". The appearance of this super fist product makes tulip a national flower, and it is also called "four national treasures" with windmills, cheese and wooden shoes. The Dutch people also designated the Wednesday closest to May 15 as the annual Tulip Festival in China. Tulips have become the most important economic source in the Netherlands.